The idea of punishment after death-whereby the souls of the wicked are consigned to Hell (Gehenna, Gehinnom, or Jahannam)-emerged out of beliefs found across the Mediterranean, from ancient Egypt to Zoroastrian Persia, and became fundamental to the Abrahamic religions. Once Hell achieved doctrinal expression in the New Testament, the Talmud, and the Qur'an, thinkers began to question Hell's eternity, and to consider possible alternatives-hell's rivals. Some imagined outright escape, others periodic but temporary relief within the torments. One option, including Purgatory and, in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the Middle State, was to consider the punishments to be temporary and purifying. Despite these moral and theological hesitations, the idea of Hell has remained a historical and theological force until the present.In Hell and Its Rivals, Alan E. Bernstein examines an array of sources from within and beyond the three Abrahamic faiths-including theology, chronicles, legal charters, edifying tales, and narratives of near-death experiences-to analyze the origins and evolution of belief in Hell. Key social institutions, including slavery, capital punishment, and monarchy, also affected the afterlife beliefs of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Reflection on hell encouraged a stigmatization of "the other" that in turn emphasized the differences between these religions. Yet, despite these rivalries, each community proclaimed eternal punishment and answered related challenges to it in similar terms. For all that divided them, they agreed on the need for-and fact of-Hell.

In this timely reevaluation of an infamous Supreme Court decision, David E. Bernstein provides a compelling survey of the history and background of Lochner v. New York. This 1905 decision invalidated a state law limiting work hours and became the leading precedent contending that novel economic regulations were unconstitutional. Sure to be controversial, "Rehabilitating Lochner" argues that despite the decision's reputation, it was well-grounded in precedent - and that modern constitutional jurisprudence owes at least as much to the limited-government ideas of Lochner proponents as to the more expansive vision of its Progressive opponents. Tracing the influence of this decision through subsequent battles over segregation laws, sex discrimination, civil liberties, and more, "Rehabilitating Lochner" argues not only that the court acted reasonably in Lochner, but that Lochner and like-minded cases have been widely misunderstood and unfairly maligned ever since.

What becomes of the wicked? Hell exile from God, subjection to fire, worms, and darkness for centuries the idea has shaped the dread of malefactors, the solace of victims, and the deterrence of believers. Although we may associate the notion of hell with Christian beliefs, its gradual emergence depended on conflicting notions that pervaded the Mediterranean world more than a millennium before the birth of Christ. Asking just why and how belief in hell arose, Alan E. Bernstein takes us back to those times and offers us a comparative view of the philosophy, poetry, folklore, myth, and theology of that formative age.

Bernstein draws on sources from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and Israel, as well as early Christian writings through Augustine, in order to reconstruct the story of the prophets, priests, poets, and charismatic leaders who fashioned concepts of hell from an array of perspectives on death and justice. The author traces hell's formation through close readings of works including the epics of Homer and Vergil, the satires of Lucian, the dialogues of Plato and Plutarch, the legends of Enoch, the confessions of the Psalms, the prophecies of Isaiah, Ezechiel, and Daniel, and the parables of Jesus. Reenacting lively debates about the nature of hell among the common people and the elites of diverse religious traditions, he provides new insight into the social implications and the psychological consequences of different visions of the afterlife.

This superb account of a central image in Western culture will captivate readers interested in history, mythology, literature, psychology, philosophy, and religion."

In this timely reevaluation of an infamous Supreme Court decision, David E. Bernstein provides a compelling survey of the history and background of "Lochner v. New York." This 1905 decision invalidated state laws limiting work hours and became the leading case contending that novel economic regulations were unconstitutional. Sure to be controversial, "Rehabilitating Lochner "argues that the decision was well grounded in precedent—and that modern constitutional jurisprudence owes at least as much to the limited-government ideas of "Lochner" proponents as to the more expansive vision of its Progressive opponents.
  Tracing the influence of this decision through subsequent battles over segregation laws, sex discrimination, civil liberties, and more, "Rehabilitating Lochner" argues not only that the court acted reasonably in "Lochner, " but that "Lochner" and like-minded cases have been widely misunderstood and unfairly maligned ever since.    

Eduard Bernstein prasentiert eine Sammlung von Briefen, die Ferdinand Lassalle, einer der Vater der deutschen Sozialdemokratie, im Laufe seines Lebens an seine Familie schrieb. Sie beginnt mit einem Gluckwunschgedicht aus seiner Jugendzeit und endet mit den Notizen, die Lassalle am Vorabend seines Todes im Jahr 1864 verfasste. Durch die chronologisch geordnete Reihung der Briefe lasst sich die personliche, aber auch die politische Entwicklung Lassalles nachvollziehen und erlaubt so einen tiefen Einblick in das Seelenleben des Mannes, der die deutsche Arbeiterbewegung mitbegrundete. Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1905.

Eduard Bernstein prasentiert eine Sammlung von Briefen, die Ferdinand Lassalle, einer der Vater der deutschen Sozialdemokratie, im Laufe seines Lebens an seine Familie schrieb. Sie beginnt mit einem Gluckwunschgedicht aus seiner Jugendzeit und endet mit den Notizen, die Lassalle am Vorabend seines Todes im Jahr 1864 verfasste. Durch die chronologisch geordnete Reihung der Briefe lasst sich die personliche, aber auch die politische Entwicklung Lassalles nachvollziehen und erlaubt so einen tiefen Einblick in das Seelenleben des Mannes, der die deutsche Arbeiterbewegung mitbegrundete. Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1905.

Presented here are some 750 fiction and nonfiction books--from folklore to poetry--focusing on separation and loss themes for young people. Highly selective, the guide profiles only classic and recommended titles from School Library Journal, Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, Publishers Weekly, Kirkus, The Horn Book, The Bookfinder, and other publications. Arranged by topic, each annotated entry provides a review of plot and theme, interest/reading level, suggestions for use, and full bibliographic information. Issues include Homelessness, Economic Loss/Parents Out of Work, and Race Relations. This is the ideal reference guide for those who have the opportunity to help children facing tough personal roadblocks, ranging from going away to camp to the death of a sibling.

What becomes of the wicked? Hell exile from God, subjection to fire, worms, and darkness for centuries the idea has shaped the dread of malefactors, the solace of victims, and the deterrence of believers. Although we may associate the notion of hell with Christian beliefs, its gradual emergence depended on conflicting notions that pervaded the Mediterranean world more than a millennium before the birth of Christ. Asking just why and how belief in hell arose, Alan E. Bernstein takes us back to those times and offers us a comparative view of the philosophy, poetry, folklore, myth, and theology of that formative age.

Bernstein draws on sources from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and Israel, as well as early Christian writings through Augustine, in order to reconstruct the story of the prophets, priests, poets, and charismatic leaders who fashioned concepts of hell from an array of perspectives on death and justice. The author traces hell's formation through close readings of works including the epics of Homer and Vergil, the satires of Lucian, the dialogues of Plato and Plutarch, the legends of Enoch, the confessions of the Psalms, the prophecies of Isaiah, Ezechiel, and Daniel, and the parables of Jesus. Reenacting lively debates about the nature of hell among the common people and the elites of diverse religious traditions, he provides new insight into the social implications and the psychological consequences of different visions of the afterlife.

This superb account of a central image in Western culture will captivate readers interested in history, mythology, literature, psychology, philosophy, and religion."

This text presents a compilation of topics that have been taught at Metabolic University (MU), an interactive, didactic educational program that has trained over 600 metabolic dietitians/nutritionists, physicians, nurses and genetic counselors. This book was created in 2014 for the metabolic community. The 1st edition contains only subject matter covered at Metabolic University; therefore, it is not a comprehensive treatise on Inherited Metabolic Disorders (IMD) but rather a text on the most frequently encountered challenges in IMD nutrition. Each chapter in the book highlights principles of nutrition management, how to initiate a diet, and biomarkers to monitor the diet. Recognizing that there are variations in practice, this book addresses that the key to management lies in the understanding how the inactivity of an enzyme in a metabolic pathway determines which components of the diet must be restricted and which must be supplemented as well as the monitoring of appropriate biomarkers to make diet adjustments and ensure the goals of therapy are met The 2nd edition is an updated and more extensive version covering the nutrition management of IMD, and covers a wide range of these disorders, including phenylketonuria and other aminoacidopathies, organic acidemias, urea cycle disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, galactosemia and glycogen storage diseases. Guidance is also provided on laboratory evaluations and biochemical testing and monitoring. Topics such as newborn screening for IMD, as well as nutrition management during pregnancy and transplantation, are also addressed. In addition, current medical management therapies is included.

The New Wigmore: A Treatise on Evidence is an authoritative guide with answers to evolving questions in civil and criminal litigation . The five volume series presents the same quality of research, thought, and analysis as the original Wigmore, creating a genuine present-day counterpart to the seminal evidence treatise. Volume 1: Selected Rules of Limited Admissibility, by David Leonard, provides a sophisticated framework for lawyers and judges to understand and apply the rules that exclude evidence for policy reasons. Included are extensive discussions of: The latest amendments to Federal Rule 408 Party-oriented limited admissibility in criminal cases The types of agreements that qualify as and#8220;Mary Carterand#8221; agreements Evidence of nolo contendere pleas when the party who entered the plea brings a civil action based on the same event Admissibility of evidence of investigations conducted by a party Remedial measures taken before the event giving rise to the action or taken by a third party, or required by a government authority The use of limiting instructions and proper timing The use the doctrine of and#8220;detrimental relianceand#8221; to enforce a plea agreement the government seeks to abolish The admissibility of settlement agreements that, if not disclosed, might lead to distorted fact-finding The propriety of informing the jury that there has been a settlement of claims involving a part Volume 2: Evidentiary Privileges, by Edward J. Imwinkelried, offers unique analysis of recent evidentiary problems including application of the attorney-client privilege to government agencies and corporate entities, and the difficulty of determining exactly who holds the privilege. In these two volumes, youand#8217;ll find also a practical framework for evaluating the existence or scope of new privileges, as well as coverage of issues like these: The common interest or joint defense privilege Skirmishes over the DOJand#8217;s policies regarding corporate waiver of attorney-client privilege Privilege for mediation proceedings Burns v. Commonwealth, where the Virginia Supreme Court sharply limited the protection for confidential spousal communications The latest cases recognizing a constitutional right to informational privacy Protections for journalists and who qualifies The governmental attorney-client privilege The First Circuit decision holding that in certain circumstances, even when an individual corporate officer has a personal attorney-client privilege with corporate counsel, the corporation may unilaterally waive the privilege The latest cases on the waiver consequences of inadvertent production during pretrial discovery Volume 3: Expert Evidence, by David H. Kaye, David E. Bernstein and Jennifer L. Mnookin, provides in depth coverage of the topics that lawyers and judges must know when dealing with expert testimony about medicine, engineering, psychology, economics, and forensic science, among other areas. It covers the topics common to all such testimony and focuses on scientific and statistical evidence, providing sophisticated and up-to-date explanations and analyses of: The principles and policies underlying all the approaches to admitting scientific evidence, from the traditional relevance standard to the most restrictive interpretations of the Supreme Court's watershed opinion in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. An in-depth look at the continuing importance and practical operation of the Frye standard. Qualifications for expert witnesses. Permissible subject matter and al