which successfully passed the QA-process (i.e., met the Data Quality Objectices) were included into the TFS-central data bank. The following summary of major results obtained in TFS would not have been possible without the contribution of many experimentalists and modellers participating in this project. I would like to thank these colleagues for their support. All participants are grateful for the financial support by the BMBF and for the assistance by the Projekttragerschaft (UKF-GSF-Miinchen). Garmisch-Partenkirchen, WOLFGANG SEILER February 2002 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MESOSCALE MODEL HIERARCHY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND FORECAST OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTANTS OVER GERMANY AND EUROPE Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 42: 5-22, 2002. 5 (c) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. An Empirical, Receptor-Based Procedure for Assessing the Effect of Different Ozone Mitigation Strategies WOLFGANG FRICKE, WINFRIED VANDERSEE and STEFAN GILGE Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium, Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany, e-mail: [email protected] (Received: 6 November 2000; in final form: 29 May 2(01) Abstract. The paper presents a new receptor-based approach for investigating the effect of differ- ent mitigation strategies on surface ozone concentrations. The empirical approach relates measured ozone concentrations to 3-D back trajectories and European precursor emission data (NOx, VOC, isoprene). These are the only parameters used as input. Following a description of the method, results for two German stations, an urban and a rural mountain site, are described, and discussed in detail.

which successfully passed the QA-process (i.e., met the Data Quality Objectices) were included into the TFS-central data bank. The following summary of major results obtained in TFS would not have been possible without the contribution of many experimentalists and modellers participating in this project. I would like to thank these colleagues for their support. All participants are grateful for the financial support by the BMBF and for the assistance by the Projekttragerschaft (UKF-GSF-Miinchen). Garmisch-Partenkirchen, WOLFGANG SEILER February 2002 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MESOSCALE MODEL HIERARCHY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND FORECAST OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTANTS OVER GERMANY AND EUROPE Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 42: 5-22, 2002. 5 (c) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. An Empirical, Receptor-Based Procedure for Assessing the Effect of Different Ozone Mitigation Strategies WOLFGANG FRICKE, WINFRIED VANDERSEE and STEFAN GILGE Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium, Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany, e-mail: [email protected] (Received: 6 November 2000; in final form: 29 May 2(01) Abstract. The paper presents a new receptor-based approach for investigating the effect of differ- ent mitigation strategies on surface ozone concentrations. The empirical approach relates measured ozone concentrations to 3-D back trajectories and European precursor emission data (NOx, VOC, isoprene). These are the only parameters used as input. Following a description of the method, results for two German stations, an urban and a rural mountain site, are described, and discussed in detail.

Congregational life has changed in so many ways in recent years, not least among them the transition from "cooperation" to "competition" as the central model of how churches relate to one another. Simply put, congregations that don t learn to compete in this new "economy" will have few chances to thrive.

This change can be scary, because it forces us out of established patterns of behavior and thinking. This is why trying to lead a congregation in these changing times seems so often to lead to conflict. Yet that conflict is not inevitable, says Lyle Schaller. We can't stop the change that has led to higher levels of competition, but we can manage that change in a variety of ways, such as making certain that we accompany it with an increase in the number of choices a congregation experiences, and by allowing change to lead to healthy competition."

One of the most crucial changes in North American life, Lyle E. Schaller explains, has been the shift from small to large institutions. Sixty years ago one-teacher, one-room schoolhouses still abounded, and the average number of students in all American schools was one hundred. Now new construction on elementary schools is often for facilities that will accommodate more than twelve hundred students, and average school size is over six hundred. Similar changes have happened in several other branches of American life. These changes, Schaller contends, mean that the rules have changed for everyone involved in organizational life.

Very large churches megachurches will increasingly come to embody the new rule-book for congregations. Extending their mission far beyond a single local neighborhood, they will draw large numbers of visitors, helping them move progressively from skeptics or seekers to believers to learners to disciples to apostles. The Very Large Church was written for those congregational leaders, both volunteer and paid staff, who recognize that their old rule-book is obsolete and who are eager to learn how to participate effectively in the very large church in a context that is defined by the culture, the societal context, clearly defined expectations, a theological belief system, a passion for evangelism, a high level of competence, creativity, innovation, and a new and different set of rules, rather than by local traditions, geographical boundaries, or yesterday s stereotypes.

Key Features: Focuses on issues in organization life Schaller s strong suit Addresses a tendency that is growing today

Key Benefits: Places the shift to large churches within the context of a cultural shift from small to large institutions Demonstrates how and why the old rule-book for organizational structure must change Helps church leaders understand how to make the transition to the megachurch culture while retaining Christian integrity "

Churches don't sit still; they are either planning for the future or wishing for the past. Yet, even when setting about to discern the future into which the Spirit is leading, how does a congregation map its way? How does it understand its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and limitations, gifts and graces? In 44 Questions for Congregational Self-Appraisal, Lyle E. Schaller directs the reader to the crucial questions a church must ask itself if it is to understand its mission and the course it must chart in order to achieve that mission. He helps pastors, congregational leaders, and strategic planning groups understand that the questions we ask and the data we gather tend to set our priorities, and for this reason it is crucial to seek the correct information from the outset. Schaller shows church leaders how not to become trapped by "means to an end" questions (real estate, staffing, money, and schedules) and focus instead on questions related to the congregation's distinctive mission (identity, purpose, role, and God's call) and message.

Many in our day think that it is no longer possible to have big, strong, vital, influential, mission-minded downtown congregations. Those who predict the end of downtown churches will point to the suburbanization of Anglo populations, the erosion of inherited institutional loyalties, the decline of public transportation, the lack of interest by a younger generation in Sunday evening worship, the deterioration of central city public school systems, the fear of crime, the closing of downtown department stores with the rise of shopping malls, and so on.

While much can be learned about the failures of various downtown churches, more can be learned about the successful experiences. Today's downtown church, therefore, must be competitive. Howard Edington has led a church that for a dozen years has excelled in offering an alternative to most of the lures in our society that compete for attention with the church. First Church is reaching new generations of people by being relevant to community needs, by becoming a credible partner with the government and the city, and by offering the good news with a message and program that is of the highest quality.

Are you still suffering over the sight of empty pews? Have your efforts been more than exhaustive in expanding your congregation? Have you maximized your brainstorming potential for bringing in new members?

If you have reached what appears to be your limit, then no longer fret, 44 Ways To Increase Church Attendance can open the doors of both your church and mind. With proven techniques for building a body for Christ, church leaders can increase their membership and then free themselves to focus on other important missions for God. Schaller's suggestions will energize leaders and put their churches on the road of abundance.

Larger churches are different--in expectations, in performance, in staffing, and in use of lay volunteers. Their unique differences require special handling. And that's what this first-of-its-kind book is all about.
Expert Lyle Schaller helps the leaders of larger churches understand the special characteristics of these churches and helps members of multiple staffs see their role and the context of that role more clearly.
Schaller fully describes the differences that mark the larger church of 700 to 1,000 or more members. He discusses the many alternatives of staffing: part-time vs. full-time, use of more volunteers, and the many duties that can be carried out by these staff members. Special emphasis is given to the role of the senior minister, the role of the associate minister, and to their relationship with one another.
Since one-sixth of all congregations account for nearly half the total members of all churches in the United States, that one-sixth actually sets the pace for the religious life of the nation. The need for specialized help is imperative, and Lyle Schaller has provided that help in this important and useful book.

Answers the question "Why start new churches?" and shows how to reverse the decline of new church development. Schaller offers tested advice based on more than thirty years of working with leaders responsible for developing new churches.

The most effective way to influence both individual and institutional behavior is to ask questions. This text provides a conceptual framework for asking questions about congregations, and it classifies various syndromes that prevent a church from making the changes that are needed for new life. It will become the first choice of church champions who choose to intervene in the life of the church.