This book explores the rich history and depth of the educational field of social studies in the United States and examines its capacity to moderate modern-day anti-democratic forces through a commitment to civic education. Drawing out key significant historical moments within the development of social studies education, it provides a compelling historical narrative of the ideas that shaped the unique curricular field of social studies education. This book resynthesizes each historical stage to show how it resonates with contemporary life and effectively helps readers bridge the gap between theory and practice. Focusing on the key ideas of the field, and the primary individuals who championed those ideas, the author provides a clear, concise, and sharply pointed encounter with social studies education that illuminates the connection from research to practice. Researchers of social studies education will find this book to be a worthy contribution to the ever-important struggle to better understand the type of civic education necessary for the perpetuation of democratic life in the United States. It will also appeal to educational researchers and teacher educators with interests in the history of education, teacher education, civic education, moral education and democracy.

Prior to the 1980s Honduras was an obscure backwater, of little public or policy concern in the United States. With the advent of the Reagan administration, however, Honduras became a launching pad for the administration's contra was against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua and for counterinsurgency operations in El Salvador. Placing events i

A detailed examination of the roots of revolution and counterrevolution in Central America and the Caribbean, this book draws on the research of an interdisciplinary team of noted scholars. The authors give special attention to the institutional and structural causes of stability and instability-in particular, the traditional role of the United States; the current economic crisis; the changing role of the Roman Catholic church; the influence of the military and security forces, the oligarchy, and the business sector; the problems of instituting socioeconomic reform; the politics of subsistence; and the revolutionary opposition. Following the thematic chapters, a country-by-country focus is employed to assess the situations in El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Jamaica, and a section devoted to the international dimensions of the crisis looks at Mexican, Soviet, Cuban, and U.S. policies toward the region, The editors' concluding chapter explores prospects for the future of this troubled area.

An innovative examination of our understanding of political legitimacy in Mali, and its wider implications for democratization and political modernity in the Global South. The 2012 coup d'état in Mali, and the political destabilization that followed, brought an abrupt end to the country's success story as a "donor darling" and as a model of successful democratization. In spite of signing a peace treaty, Muslim militants continue to launch attacks in the country's northern and central territories and to challenge Mali's government and state institutions. The challenge is compounded by the massive opposition mobilized by protagonists of Salafi- inspired readings of Islam in the capital Bamako. Why should this be, and how can it be that these actors, particularly those employing the language of Islam, have emerged as a serious challenge to the political order and government in Mali, and garner support among the country's urban and rural populations? Against the background dynamics of the political turmoil that has shaken Mali in recent years and the uncertainties surrounding the present government, this book looks to the nature and extent of legitimacy of Mali's postcolonial state and also explores more general questions regarding the nature of political legitimacy. Schulz examines the attitudes, judgments and practices by which inhabitants of a rural area in south-western Mali attribute or disclaim the legitimacy of the state political order and of individual representatives. Countering the tendency of some scholars to adopt a belief-centered approach or to use a broad approach to legitimacy, she suggests a more comprehensive and systematic approach to legitimation that takes into account the subjective attitudes of actors as well as their material circumstances and the state of institutional governance.

Physics and the life sciences have established new connections within the past few decades, resulting in biological physics as an established subfield with strong groups working in many physics departments. These interactions between physics and biology form a two-way street with physics providing new tools and concepts for understanding life, while biological systems can yield new insights into the physics of complex systems. To address the challenges of this interdisciplinary area, The Physics of Proteins: An Introduction to Biological Physics and Molecular Biophysics is divided into three interconnected sections. In Parts I and II, early chapters introduce the terminology and describe the main biological systems that physicists will encounter. Similarities between biomolecules, glasses, and solids are stressed with an emphasis on the fundamental concepts of living systems. The central section (Parts III and IV) delves into the dynamics of complex systems. A main theme is the realization that biological systems, in particular proteins, do not exist in unique conformations but can assume a very large number of slightly different structures. This complexity is captured in the concept of a free energy landscape and leads to the conclusion that fluctuations are crucial for the functioning of biological systems. The final chapter of this section challenges the reader to apply these concepts to a problem that appears in the current literature. An extensive series of appendices (Part V) provide descriptions of the key physical tools and analytical methods that have proven powerful in the study of the physics of proteins. The appendices are designed to be consulted throughout the section on protein dynamics without breaking the deductive flow of the logic in the central section of the book.

Physics and the life sciences have established new connections within the past few decades, resulting in biological physics as an established subfield with strong groups working in many physics departments. These interactions between physics and biology form a two-way street with physics providing new tools and concepts for understanding life, while biological systems can yield new insights into the physics of complex systems. To address the challenges of this interdisciplinary area, The Physics of Proteins: An Introduction to Biological Physics and Molecular Biophysics is divided into three interconnected sections. In Parts I and II, early chapters introduce the terminology and describe the main biological systems that physicists will encounter. Similarities between biomolecules, glasses, and solids are stressed with an emphasis on the fundamental concepts of living systems. The central section (Parts III and IV) delves into the dynamics of complex systems. A main theme is the realization that biological systems, in particular proteins, do not exist in unique conformations but can assume a very large number of slightly different structures. This complexity is captured in the concept of a free energy landscape and leads to the conclusion that fluctuations are crucial for the functioning of biological systems. The final chapter of this section challenges the reader to apply these concepts to a problem that appears in the current literature. An extensive series of appendices (Part V) provide descriptions of the key physical tools and analytical methods that have proven powerful in the study of the physics of proteins. The appendices are designed to be consulted throughout the section on protein dynamics without breaking the deductive flow of the logic in the central section of the book.

Prior to the 1980s Honduras was an obscure backwater, of little public or policy concern in the United States. With the advent of the Reagan administration, however, Hondurans found themselves at the center of the US-Central American imbroglio, a launching pad for the administration's contra war against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua and for counterinsurgency operations against guerrillas in El Salvador. Placing events in the context of Honduran history, the authors provide penetrating insights into the causes of revolution in Central America and the sources of stability that enabled Honduras to escape the civil strife that consumed its neighbors. At the same time, the work offers a fascinating account of Honduran domestic politics and of the personalities, motives, and maneuvers of policymakers on both sides of the U.S.-Honduras relationship-too often a tale of intrigue, violence, and corruption.

Many Muslim societies are in the throes of tumultuous political transitions, and common to all has been heightened debate over the place of sharia law in modern politics and ethical life. Bringing together leading scholars of Islamic politics, ethics, and law, this book examines the varied meanings and uses of Islamic law, so as to assess the prospects for democratic, plural, and gender-equitable Islamic ethics today. These essays show that, contrary to the claims of some radicals, Muslim understandings of Islamic law and ethics have always been varied and emerge, not from unchanging texts but from real and active engagement with Islamic traditions and everyday life. The ethical debates that rage in contemporary Muslim societies reveal much about the prospects for democratic societies and a pluralist Islamic ethics in the future. They also suggest that despite the tragic violence wrought in recent years by Boko Haram and the Islamic State in Iraq, we may yet see an age of ethical renewal across the Muslim world.

Many Muslim societies are in the throes of tumultuous political transitions, and common to all has been heightened debate over the place of sharia law in modern politics and ethical life. Bringing together leading scholars of Islamic politics, ethics, and law, this book examines the varied meanings and uses of Islamic law, so as to assess the prospects for democratic, plural, and gender-equitable Islamic ethics today. These essays show that, contrary to the claims of some radicals, Muslim understandings of Islamic law and ethics have always been varied and emerge, not from unchanging texts but from real and active engagement with Islamic traditions and everyday life. The ethical debates that rage in contemporary Muslim societies reveal much about the prospects for democratic societies and a pluralist Islamic ethics in the future. They also suggest that despite the tragic violence wrought in recent years by Boko Haram and the Islamic State in Iraq, we may yet see an age of ethical renewal across the Muslim world.

Examines the variety of mostly unorganized and informal ways in which Africans exercise agency and resist state power in the 21st century, through citizen action and popular culture, and how the relationship between ruler and ruled is being reframed. The recent eruption of popular protests across North Africa and the Middle East has reopened academic debate on the meaning and strategies of resistance in the 21st century. This book argues that Western notions of state and civilsociety provide only a limited understanding of how power and resistance operate in the African context, where informality is central to the way both state officials and citizens exercise agency. With the principle of informality as a template, the chapters in this volume collectively examine the various modes - organised and unorganised, formal and informal, urban and rural, embodied and discursive, serious and ludic, online and offline, successful and failing - through which Africans contend with power. Resistance takes place against the backdrop of deep fractures in state sovereignty, the remnants of colonial rule and the constraints of a global, neoliberal economic system. Ebenezer Obadare is Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Kansas; Wendy Willems is Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Media Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Radio is 'Africa's medium', with an ability to transcend barriers to access, facilitate political debate and shape identities. Contributors investigate the multiple roles of radio in the lives of African listeners across the continent. Some essays turn to the history of radio and its part in culture and politics. Others show how radio throws up new tensions, yet endorses social innovation and the making of new publics. A number of contributors look at radio's current role in creating listening communities that radically shift the nature of the public sphere. Yet others cover radio's central role in the emergence of informed publics in fragile national spaces, or in failed states. The book also highlights radio's links to the new media, its role in resistance to oppressive regimes, and points in several cases to the importance of African languages in building modern communities that embrace both local and global knowledge. Liz Gunner is visiting Professor at the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research; Dina Ligagais a lecturer in the Department of Media Studies, University of the Witwatersrand; Dumisani Moyo is Research and Publications Manager at the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa. Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe & Swaziland): Wits University Press

Career and student counselling is a complex task that requires a high level of professionalism. This book introduces basic counselling skills in vocational and educational guidance. It is based on important scientific models. The book presents internationally recognized counselling approaches which include among others micro counselling, solution focused brief counselling and competence oriented counselling. It also addresses possibilities for the use of artificial intelligence. The book offers direct guidance for the consulting practice and supports competence development through case studies, tasks and didactically designed exercises. It is suitable as a guide for the training of consulting professionals in the field of career guidance.

Career and student counselling is a complex task that requires a high level of professionalism. This book introduces basic counselling skills in vocational and educational guidance. It is based on important scientific models. The book presents internationally recognized counselling approaches which include among others micro counselling, solution focused brief counselling and competence oriented counselling. It also addresses possibilities for the use of artificial intelligence. The book offers direct guidance for the consulting practice and supports competence development through case studies, tasks and didactically designed exercises. It is suitable as a guide for the training of consulting professionals in the field of career guidance.

Although Islam is not new to West Africa, new patterns of domestic economies, the promise of political liberalization, and the proliferation of new media have led to increased scrutiny of Islam in the public sphere. Dorothea E. Schulz shows how new media have created religious communities that are far more publicly engaged than they were in the past. Muslims and New Media in West Africa expands ideas about religious life in West Africa, women's roles in religion, religion and popular culture, the meaning of religious experience in a charged environment, and how those who consume both religion and new media view their public and private selves.

Das Buch "Bildgebende Diagnostik und operative Therapie bei Lebererkrankungen" stellt systematisch geordnet alle zur Verf}gung stehenden Untersuchungsm|glichkeiten bei Leber- erkrankungen dar. BesondererWert wird darauf gelegt, die Aussagef{higkeit der einzelnen Untersuchungen gegeneinander abzugrenzen und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung zu erl{utern. Neben der Diagnostik werden f}r jede einzelne Er- krankungauch die M|glichkeiten der chirurgischen Therapie beleuchtet. Dabei wird deutlich, da~ eine zeitgem{~e, ad{quate Diagnostik nicht allein auf der bildgebenden Diagnose, sondern auch auf der Kenntnis m|glicher operativer Therapieverfahren basiert.

Die Grundlagen der stadtischen Elektrizitatsversorgung haben sich in den letzten 20 Jahren gewandelt. Kleinere Stadte verzichten immer Ofter auf die Eigenerzeugung und schlieBen sich Uberlandzentralen an. Auch in groBeren Orten - wie in der Elektrizitatswirtschaft ganzer Provinzen und Lander - setzte eine zunehmende Konzentration der Erzeugung ein. Damit sank die Werkszahl, wuchsen die Werksleistungen und vergroBerte sich die Entfernung zwischen Abnehmer und Lieferer. Aus der alleinigen Erzeugungsaufgabe wurde all mahlich ein Verteilungsproblem. Der Stromtransport gewann zunehmende Be deutung. Technisch wurde er glanzend gemeistert, jedoch spielte er eine immer wichtigere finanzielle Rolleund vereitelte in deren Auswirkung weitgehendst aIle wirklichen Erfolge der Erzeugung. In klarer Erkenntnis dieses Zusammen hangs bekampften die Elektrizitatswerke die finanzielle Auswirkung des Strom transports hauptsachlich von der Tarif- und Werbeseite her. Ihre erfolgreichen Bemiihungen wurden von einer leistungsfahigen Elektroindustrie bestens unter stiitzt. Aber es blieb auch bei diesem mehr kapitalmaBig orientierten Hilfsmittel. Mit ihrem Zwiespalt zwischen Produktions- und Absatzkosten ahnelt die Elektrizitatswirtschaft manchen anderen Wirtschaftszweigen, denen gegeniiber sie aber fiihlbare Erleichterungen genieBt, da ein meistens vorhandenes Aus schlieBlichkeitsrecht auf Lieferung Verkaufssorgen weitgehend beseitigt. Wegen ihres offentlichen Charakters bleiben den Elektrizitatswerken dafiir manche WirtschaftlichkeitsmaBnahmen des privaten Kaufmannes versagt. Hier setzt die Absicht vorliegender Schrift an. Sie will der stadtischen Elek trizitatsversorgung ein Mittel zur Produktionsverbilligung empfehlen, das sich organisch dem gewohnten Erzeugungsverfahren eingliedert, den V orteil niedrigsten Energieverbrauchs mit groBter Vereinfachung des Stromtransports verbindet und von der Rohstoffseite her die Elektrizitatsversorgung beeinfluBt: die offentliche Heizkraftwirtschaft. Voraussetzung dafiir ist der groBziigige Ubergang zur offent lichen Warmeversorgung."

Is the American public school doing what we want it to do? Or, is what we want it to do in conflict with what society allows it to do? This book takes on issues central to understanding the complexities of the American public school experience. Readers are simultaneously taken into the historical and contemporary context of these issues through an honest and provocative approach that engages them into the real world of school. Chapters revolve around key issues such as religion, democracy, teachers, race, reform, pedagogy, efficiency, freedom, segregation, social class, exceptionality, gender, technology, and accountability. Paradoxes of the Public School promises to foster a thoughtful dialogue on the complexity of school and how best to improve it for the future. Teacher educators may find it useful to help develop teacher candidates' understanding of the nature of school. However, anyone interested in the nature of school will find this book insightful, clear, and easy to follow. All readers will find this book to be cutting edge as it creatively fills a dire need for a compelling tale of school that is both informative and thought provoking.

Eignen Sie sich mit diesem Handbuch Beratungskompetenzen in Theorie und Praxis an Das Werk von Bernd-Joachim Ertelt und William E. Schulz eignet sich als Nachschlagebuch in der Beraterausbildung und vermittelt gleichzeitig praktische Kenntnisse. Im Zuge gesellschaftlicher Veranderungen gehen die Autoren zunachst auf die Haupttendenzen in der Beratung ein. Sie zeigen, inwiefern sich die Anforderungen an Beratungsmitarbeiter im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt haben. Zudem reflektieren die Autoren uber grundlegende Beratungskompetenzen in Beruf und Bildung, indem sie Bezug zu wichtigen wissenschaftlichen Modellen nehmen. Im Fokus stehen in diesem Beratungskompetenz-Handbuch vor allen Dingen: a) Das Microcounselling-Modell von Allen E. Iveyb) Gerard Egans Problemmanagement-Ansatzc) Loesungsorientierte Beratungd) Das integrative Modell von Ertelt und Schulz Mit Blick auf diese wissenschaftlichen Theorien unternehmen die Verfasser den Versuch, allgemeingultige Loesungsansatze fur die dem Wandel unterworfene Beratungslandschaft abzuleiten. Zudem geht es um die Frage, wie eine adaquate Beratungsausbildung fur Fachkrafte in Zeiten grundlegender gesellschaftlicher Veranderungen aussehen kann. Dabei scheuen Ertelt und Schulz nicht davor zuruck, die UEbertragbarkeit der vorgestellten Modelle auf einzelne Felder der Berufsberatung in ihrem Beratungskompetenzen-Handbuch kritisch zu hinterfragen. Zudem moechten sie mit ihrem eigenen integrativen Modell einen Beitrag zur Beratungsforschung leisten. Durch den Fokus auf das Thema Informationsbedarf in der Beratung und die daraus resultierenden Strategien, liefern die Autoren mit ihrem Handbuch zusatzlich interessante Impulse fur ein professionelles Beratungsverstandnis. Praktische Hilfen bei der Entwicklung von Beratungsfahigkeiten Neben der intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit aktuellen Theorien liefert Ihnen das Buch zusatzlich Hilfestellung fur die Beratungspraxis. Bei der Entwicklung wesentlicher Kompetenzen unterstutzt es Sie durch: * Fallstudien* Aufgaben* UEbungen Mit Hilfe dieses Beratungskompetenzen-Handbuchs vertiefen und erweitern Sie nicht nur ihr theoretisches Wissen. Sie entwickeln zusatzlich Praxiskompetenzen im Bereich der Beratungsfahigkeit. Dadurch eignet es sich: a) Fur die Ausbildung von Beraternb) Fur Praktiker im Zuge der Beratungspraxis-Professionalisierung Die vierte Auflage von "Handbuch Beratungskompetenz" uberzeugt insgesamt durch neueste sowie aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse.

This study examines the development of the crisis in Mexico, with the primary focus on the 6-year term of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari and the first few months of his successor, President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon. It poses the question of how a country with such seemingly bright prospects as Mexico in the wake of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) approval by the U.S. Congress could so quickly plunge into crisis. The answer is that these problems had been festering for some time. By 1994, a combination of factors-including recurrent economic crises, a failure to introduce meaningful political reforms, the social devastation wrought by neoliberal economic policies, continuing corruption and mismanagement by Mexican political and economic elites, human rights violations, and the growing power of narcotraffickers-was sufficient to destabilize what had long been considered one of the most stable countries in Latin America. The prospects for the future are mixed, at best. While some substantive political, judicial and police reforms have been belatedly made, serious doubts remain as to how far President Zedillo will be willing/able to go in challenging the power and perquisites of the traditional government/Partido Revolu- cionario Institucional (PRI) elite and the narcotraffickers. A major threat to these elements would probably in itself be destabilizing; it could also be personally dangerous for Zedillo at a time when political assassinations are becoming increasingly commonplace. Moreover, corruption and inefficiency are so ingrained in the political institutions and practices at all levels of Mexican society that nothing short of a wholesale cultural revolution seems likely to solve the basic problem. Such fundamental changes in values are notoriously difficult to carry out and would take years, indeed decades, to accomplish. Thus, while the economy may pick up in a year or two and significant advances in democratization may occur, political violence and social turmoil will continue, at least in the short-to-medium run. In turn, this will pose serious problems for the United States, especially in the areas of illegal immigration, narcotrafficking, and all the costs and dangers they pose for American society.