The 27th Europhysics Conference on Macromolecular Physics focused on applications of scattering methods to the dynamics of polymer dense systems and covered Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, holographic methods, real time X-ray and neutron scattering techniques as well as the treatment of theoretical models and computer simulations of polymer dynamics.

7) Kryszewski, M. and A. Szymanski, Macromol. Rev. 4D, 183 (1970). The density and the energetic situation of local- 8) Bassler, H., Kunststoffe 62, 115 (1972). i; ed levels at the polymer surface and bulk and their 9) Rose, A., Helv. Phys. Acta 29, 199 (1956). occupancy probability of excess electrons or defect- 10) Many, A., Y. Goldstein and N. B. Grover electrons determine the electrostatic charging of Semiconductor Surfaces, 139 (Amsterdam 1971): polymer solids associated with the contact of met- 11) Many, A., N. B. Grover, Y. Goldstein and E. als. Accumulation layers of excesselectrons and de- Harnik, ]. Phys. Chern. Solids 14, ]D 5, 298 (1960). pletion layers of defectelectrons can exist near the 12) Many, A., Y. Goldstein and N. B. Grover polymer surface depending on the electrical potential Semiconductor Surfaces, 185 (Amsterdam 1971): of the contacting metal. These layers are caused by 13) Ryvktn, S. M., Photoelectric Effects in Semi- the difference between the physical states of the poly- conductors, 252 (New York 1964). mer surface and bulk. The energetic situation of the 14) Cholvdry, A. and C. R. Westgate, ]. Phys. D: localized levels is determined by intermolecular inter- Appl. Phys. 7, 713 (1974). actions and therefore it depends on the state of 15) Many, A., Y. Goldstein and N. B. Grover, order of the surface and the bulk. Semiconductor Surfaces, 136 (Amsterdam 1971).

70 DegreesC unterhalb des Einfrierbereichs wegen x 0 is applied to experimental data of the specific volume of water, werden aufgrund von speziellen Modellvor- sulfur, mercury and polystyrene, ex is the expansion stellungen von Gibbs und Dimarzio ent- coefficient at constant pressure, u the isothermal wickelt, wobei die Autoren fUr T

that in all statistical calculations we only have derived most probable i.e. average quantities In this paper the meander model of muscle is proposed (e.g. geometries, forces) a.nd did not care about and treated quantitatively. The geometries of myosin and uninterrupted actin filaments as weIl as of the Z their fluctuations which in principle could also zone in vertebrate striated muscle are derived from be evaluated. thermodynamic equilibrium considerations. Cross- The proposed meander model of muscle is bridges formed by the myosin projections and the actin suitable to explain active as weIl as passive meander folds are considered either to be loose or closed. Mg A TP action enables them to rearrange forces and removes, therefore, the difficulties. cyclically. The closed bridges give rise to a thermodynamic inherent in Huxleys sliding filament model. . contractive force on the actin filament. Also passive and We cannot exclude, however, that there is a active stress-strain behaviour (under isometrie condi- small contribution to the passive elastic be- tions) agree with experiment. haviour from elements (e.g. membranes) in Zusammenfassung parallel to the sliding filament system.

Raum ist demnach beim System PST-Cyclo hexan um einen Faktor 1,44 gro13er als beim The self-diffusion coefficient of Benzene and Cyclo hexane in Polystyrene (PST) was investigated over a System PST-Benzol. Diesel' aus dem Verhalt wide temperature and conccntration range. The nis del' Steigungen ermittelte Wert stimmt measurements were carried out by the spin-echo recht gut mit dem aus dem Verhaltnis del' method applying the technique of time dependant and Van der-Waalsschen V olumina errechneten alternating field gradients. The data provided by the mentioned investigations Wert iiberein. were calculated according to the theory of free volume. The minimum free volume. which is needed for a site 3.5. Zur Phenylgruppenbeweglichkeit im. PST changing process, was determined on thc basis of these experimental results. The significant maximum Das Freie Volumen, das bis herab zu 70 C of the temperature dependence of thc free volume. linear mit sinkender Temperatur abnimmt, observed at 50 QC. revealed to be due to displacements steigt bei weiterer Temperaturerniedrigung of Phenyl-groups in PST. wieder an und zeigt im System PST-Benzol bei 55 C und im System PST -Cyclohexan Literatur bei 50 C ein ausgepragtes Maximum. Unter halb 40 C falIt das Freie Volumen 1(0, T) 1) Fnjita, H., Adv. Polymer Sci. 3, 1 (l J(il). 2) Fujita, H .. A. Kishimoto. and K. Matsumoto, wieder proportional zur Temperatur. Die Trans. Faraday Soc. 56, 424 (1960)."

(Sonderausgabe aus Kolloid-Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift fur Polymere, Band 241)