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The major problem facing new energy conversion and storage
technologies remains device ef?ciency. Projects based on
nanostructured materials can yield improved performance in devices
involving electrochemical reactions and heterogeneous catalysis,
such as fuel and solar cells, batteries, etc. Nanoscale structures
drama- cally alter the surface reaction rates and electrical
transport throughout the material, causing a dramatic improvement
in energy storage, conversion, and generation. Furthermore, the
design of nanoscale materials to be applied in alternative energy
devices is a predictable way to develop a wide range of new
technologies for a more sustainable future. Therefore, the goal of
this book is to present basic fundamentals and the most relevant
properties of nanostructured materials in order to improve
alternative energy devices. This book begins with a chapter by
Gratzel .. summarizing the use of mesoscopic thin ?lms and hybrid
materials in the development of new kinds of regenerative
photoelectrochemical devices. Applications include high-ef?ciency
solar cells. In chapter two, Ribeiro and Leite describe assembly
and properties of nanop- ticles. The chapter presents a review on
the properties and main features of nanoscale materials,
emphasizing the dependence of key properties on size for energy
purposes. A general description is also given of nanoparticle
synthesi- tion methods (mainly oxides), focusing on advances in
tailoring controlled shape nanostructures.
The major problem facing new energy conversion and storage
technologies remains device ef?ciency. Projects based on
nanostructured materials can yield improved performance in devices
involving electrochemical reactions and heterogeneous catalysis,
such as fuel and solar cells, batteries, etc. Nanoscale structures
drama- cally alter the surface reaction rates and electrical
transport throughout the material, causing a dramatic improvement
in energy storage, conversion, and generation. Furthermore, the
design of nanoscale materials to be applied in alternative energy
devices is a predictable way to develop a wide range of new
technologies for a more sustainable future. Therefore, the goal of
this book is to present basic fundamentals and the most relevant
properties of nanostructured materials in order to improve
alternative energy devices. This book begins with a chapter by
Gratzel .. summarizing the use of mesoscopic thin ?lms and hybrid
materials in the development of new kinds of regenerative
photoelectrochemical devices. Applications include high-ef?ciency
solar cells. In chapter two, Ribeiro and Leite describe assembly
and properties of nanop- ticles. The chapter presents a review on
the properties and main features of nanoscale materials,
emphasizing the dependence of key properties on size for energy
purposes. A general description is also given of nanoparticle
synthesi- tion methods (mainly oxides), focusing on advances in
tailoring controlled shape nanostructures.
Low dimensional systems have revolutionized the science and
technology in several areas. However, their understanding is still
a great challenge for the scientific community. Solar energy
conversion devices based on nanostructured materials have shown
exceptional gains in efficiency and stability. In this context,
nanostructures allow an improvement of surface properties,
transport and charge transfer, as well as direct application as
sensors and storage devices and energy conversion. This book
discuss the recent advances and future trends of the nanoscience in
solar energy conversion and storage. It explores and discusses
recent developments both in theory as well as in experimental
studies and is of interest to materials scientists, chemists,
physicists and engineers.
Since the size, shape, and microstructure of nanocrystalline
materials strongly impact physical and chemical properties, the
development of new synthetic routes to nanocrystals with controlled
composition and morphology is a key objective of the nanomaterials
community. This objective is dependent on control of the nucleation
and growth mechanisms that occur during the synthetic process,
which in turn requires a fundamental understanding of both
classical nucleation and growth and non-classical growth processes
in nanostructured materials. Recently, a novel growth process
called Oriented Attachment (OA) was identified which appears to be
a fundamental mechanism during the development of nanoscale
materials. OA is a special case of aggregation that provides an
important route by which nanocrystals grow, defects are formed, and
unique-often symmetry-defying-crystal morphologies can be produced.
This growth mechanism involves reversible self-assembly of primary
nanocrystals followed by reorientation of the assembled
nanoparticles to achieve structural accord at the particle-particle
interface, the removal of adsorbates and solvent molecules, and,
finally, the irreversible formation of chemical bonds to produce
new single crystals, twins, and intergrowths. Crystallization and
Growth of Colloidal Nanocrystals provides a current understanding
of the mechanisms related to nucleation and growth for use in
controlling nanocrystal morphology and physical-chemical
properties, and is essential reading for any chemist or materials
scientist with an interest in using nanocrystals as building blocks
for larger structures. This book provides a compendium for the
expert reader as well as an excellent introduction for advanced
undergraduate and graduate students seeking a gateway into this
dynamic area of research.
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