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This book provides readers with the latest developments in
cardiovascular research. Topics covered include an analysis of the
effectiveness of newer drugs when compared to Warfarin in reducing
the mortality and complications from atrial fibrillation; the
epidemiological differences and evolution of high-risk acute
coronary syndrome in men and women; cardiovascular control via the
vestibular system; an alternative view on inflammation and the
endothelium, which plays a crucial role for different substantial
vascular functions; the epidemiology, physiopathology and the
diagnosis and treatment of renovascular hypertension; a therapeutic
approach to treating hypovolemic shock; pathological findings,
diagnostic strategies and treatment of left ventricular
pseudoaneurysm (LVPA); the structure, development and functions of
sarcalumenin, a glycoprotein involved in skeletal and cardiac
muscles; hybrid coronary revascularization and the dietary factors
that play an important role in the modulation of hypertension - the
fourth contributor to premature death in developed countries and
the seventh in developing countries.
This book provides readers with the latest developments in
cardiovascular research. Topics covered include the morphology and
implications of atrial septal defects; the epidemiology, clinical
presentation, preliminary diagnostics and imaging of arterial
septal defects; the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical
presentation, imaging, treatment and prognosis of constrictive
pericarditis and cardiac tamponade; the psychological distress
lived by patients and their caregivers after a cardiac arrest; the
significance and limitations of coronary angiography and
intravascular imaging systems, covering almost all devices
currently available in Japan, where intracoronary imaging is being
utilized aggressively; previous reports on coronary endothelial
dysfunction and/or spasm after stent implantation and the clinical
implications, and prognosis; and the relationship between Type D
personality and health-related behaviors.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to
any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually
used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart
failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic. This book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as cardiac thrombus quantification in clinical
practice; aspartate protease cathepsin D in liver and heart injury,
pathophysiology and therapy; hypertension, arterial stiffness and
cardiovascular outcomes; fractional flow reserve is an essential
measure for the management of patients with stable coronary artery
disease; arterial stiffness and vascular calcifications in chronic
kidney disease patients; the clinical application of coronary flow
velocity reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography;
management of right heart failure; short QT syndrome; new horizons
in preventing graft arterial disease; and associations between
cathepsin B and inflammation markers in elderly males and females.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to
any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually
used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart
failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic. This book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as genetic risk factors for abdominal aortic
aneurysms; blood pressure monitoring in biological time structures
seasonal variations in ordinary living with perioperative case and
salt restriction/weight reduction; genetics and perinatal milieus
affecting saline preference in hypertensive rats; the influence of
apolipoproteins in cardiovascular diseases; and novel effects of
macrolide on MMP-related cardiovascular remodeling.
This monograph comprises seven chapters, each detailing recent
advancements in the field of cardiovascular research. Chapter One
describes the various benefits that progesterone has on the
cardiovascular system. Chapter Two aims to describe congenital
heart disease in well-characterized syndromes and update the
possible causes of genetic origin. Chapter Three aims to update and
review the hemodynamic evaluation and percutaneous intervention in
congenital heart disease. Chapter Four is focused on the evaluation
and treatment of intermediate coronary plaque. Chapter Five
presents a review of the literature on the field of disseminated
intravascular coagulopathy and analyzes several factors regarding
the management of such cases. Chapter Six aims to identify
predictors of the vulnerability and assessment in dynamics of the
morphology of coronary plaques in patients with stable coronary
artery disease. Finally, Chapter Seven reports on the case of a
patient with rheumatic heart disease who underwent double valve
replacement and incidentally was diagnosed with emphysematous
pyelonephritis during his post-operative course in the hospital.
Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 19 studies the
binding capabilities of cariprazine, clozapine, risperidone,
olazapine, quentiapine, ziprazidone, aripirazole, haloperidol,
blonanserin, iloperidone, eticlopride, amisulpride and nemonapride.
The comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level mechanisms
of drug-induced side effects associated with cardiovascular
diseases is of paramount importance for the effective management of
schizophrenia. Thoracic aortic surgery has undergone major changes
in the last two decades, resulting in more favourable short- and
long-term outcomes. Better understanding of underlying pathologies,
re-definition of guidelines and classifications, and the evolution
of diagnostics, intraoperative techniques, postoperative care and
post-discharge outpatient follow-up have collectively contributed
to this success. The authors summarize the cornerstones of this
evolvement. The various features of the different systems and
devices for complete closure of the patent foramen ovale tunnel are
described, highlighting findings that are useful for interventional
cardiologists. Lastly, the inter-core laboratory variability of
qualitative comparative analysis parameters is assessed in
comparison to the intra-core laboratory variability in a randomized
controlled trial evaluating drug-eluting stents.
Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 18 opens with a
chapter reviewing the literature regarding the effectiveness of
hyperbaric oxygen therapy and iloprost treatment, either alone or
in combination, on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ductus arteriosus
is a fetal circulatory pathway which helps to redirect blood flow
to the placenta in the fetus and spontaneously closes shortly after
birth. The clinical and laboratory features of isolated patent
ductus arteriosus are reviewed, along with indications for closure,
methods of closure, and results. The authors briefly summarize the
unique and role of chloride in the treatment of cardiovascular
patients, particularly heart failure patients, and present a series
of case vignettes of cardiovascular patients undergoing practical
use of this agent. Next, the timing of symptomatic infarct swelling
after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment is
evaluated. To carry out this evaluation, 14,868 patients with acute
ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed from a stroke
registry data-bank. An additional study assesses whether serum
lipid levels are associated with the risk of symptomatic
intracerebral hemorrhage and functional outcomes in patients with
acute ischemic stroke after receiving intravenous thrombolysis. The
coronary characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke are also
studied by way of coronary computed tomographic angiographies
carried out in 349 patients with stroke and 349 age- and
sex-matched patients without stroke. The coronary calcium scores
and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque
between the groups are compared. This compilation also studies
subclinical coronary artery disease in low to intermediate risk
patients through coronary computed tomographic angiographies
carried out in 744 patients, measuring the coronary calcium scores
and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque.
The coronary characteristics in patients with chronic kidney
disease are similarly examined. The concluding study evaluates the
impact of intermittent fasting on cerebrovascular disease,
revealing differences in stroke patterns during Ramadan between the
fasting and non-fasting groups.
Renal dysfunction is an extensively recognised threat for mortality
in patients with acute heart disorders. Chapter one, written by
Aida Hamzic-Mehmedbaic, Damir Rebic, and Neira Baic-Hamzic,
discusses how earlier detection of CRS type 1 by renal and cardiac
biomarkers theoretically leads to improved outcomes in patients
with acute heart disorders. In chapter two, Andreas Eisenreich,
Ulrike Leppert, Torsten Thiel and Nicole Ebner analyse the most
recent discoveries concerning the role of metformin in
cardiovascular/renal pathologies while simultaneously discussing
the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of patients
with diabetes-associated cardiovascular/renal diseases. Helen
Senderovich, Justin Chow and Shaira Wignarajah present a case study
regarding end-of-life care in advanced congestive heart failure in
chapter three, discussing symptom management and patients feelings
in chapter three. In chapter four, Qin Qin, Jianqing Li, Li Zhang,
and Chengyu Liu discuss methodology for abnormal heartbeat
recognition and classification. Next, Zhipeng Cai, Jianqing Li, Kan
Luo, Bo Duan, Yuting Xie and Chengyu Liu present a study in chapter
five wherein the effects of electrode material and size on the
skin-electrode impedance were investigated, in addition to the
influence of thickness of the filled sponge and environmental
factors. Chapter six, by Kohichiro Iwasaki, presents another study
wherein 300 patients without known coronary artery disease
underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography, studying
calcium scores of and the relationship amongst them. Following
this, chapter seven provides a review of etiopathogenetic
mechanisms of cochlear endothelial dysfunction and cochlear
microvascular disease by V. Corazzi, A.Ciorba C. Bianchini, and C.
Aimoni, ENT & Audiology Department, University Hospital of
Ferrara, Italy. Continuing, chapter eight presents an investigation
done by Kristina Zubow, Anatolij Zubow, and Viktor Anatolievich
Zubow on mechanism of the sugar influence in gelatine. They
continue in chapter nine with an analysation of the neutrino halo
from a working human heart.
In the first chapter of Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research.
Volume 14, the secondary mechanical complications of acute coronary
syndrome are discussed while presenting initial treatment methods
by way of pharmacology. These complications typically occur swiftly
(acute phase and subacute phase) and they originate in the severe
cardiac expansion zones, in border regions with the healthy tissue
as well as the infarcted tissue. The second chapter explains that
preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific syndrome of reduced organ
perfusion secondary to vasospasm and endothelial activation, is a
major complication in pregnancy, occurring in 7-10% of all pregnant
women, and is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and
mortality, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),
and perinatal mortality. The author explores the way in which
markers of endothelial dysfunction could be used to predict
hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The third chapter examines
modern percutaneous technologies for the controlling of valvular
heart disease, with the goal of pinpointing new opportunities for
research. Additionally, the utility of various emerging balloon
valvuloplasty techniques, MitraClip, and valve-in-valve approaches
are explained in the hopes that understanding their limitations
might aid in new research. Molecular domains in heart muscles in
family members are classified in the fourth chapter, with the
intention of ascertaining the effect of vasodilator agents, sugar,
and hypoxia on the operation of protein domains. The domains inside
the heart aorta and vein of a slaughtered domestic pig are studied
to ascertain how acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ramipril, sugar, heat
and physical exertions influenced them. Next, research on the link
between family history of depression and atherosclerotic coronary
artery disease is presented in the fifth chapter. Depression is one
of the leading contributors to the global burden of diseases, and
is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease,
therefore it is essential to develop a link between how genetics
and inheritance in families may worsen the prognosis of
cardiovascular disease in offspring. The sixth chapter supports the
claim that ivabradine should be the primary pharmacologic treatment
for patients with symptoms of inappropriate sinus tachycardia by
ruling out other possible causes.
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in developed
societies, affecting >25% of adults. Chapter One analyses the
current evidence about exercise and hypertension. In Chapter Two, a
mesh free numerical scheme was proposed, with the aim to resolve
the Navier-Stokes equations for the blood flow through the aorta
artery with aneurysm disease. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm
repairs are considered one of the most complex procedures known to
surgeons. Chapter Three presents a review of thoracoabdominal
aortic aneurysm repairs in order to provide the fundamental
knowledge and updated techniques for the cardiac and vascular
surgery team. In Chapter Four, the authors describe coronary
hypersensitivity angitis and acute coronary hypersensitivity
syndrome (ACHS) in terms of pathogenesis, clinical presentation,
diagnostic work flow, treatment and prevention. Sinus bradycardia
is a common clinical or electrocardiographic finding in both
healthy and severely ill patients, reflecting the broad spectrum of
pathophysiological substrate and clinical relevance of this
disorder. Chapter Five provides a comprehensive overview concerning
diagnosis, management and prognosis. Chapter Six discusses how
patients who were diagnosed with cirrhosis had higher
concentrations of NT pro-BNP if they had left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction. The authors discuss how NT pro-BNP might be a useful
early marker of cardiomyopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Finally,
Chapter Seven helps the reader to understand a patients experience
of undergoing a CATH procedure, particularly the psychological
aspect of the procedure and the lived experience of patients
undergoing a CATH.
This book provides readers with the latest developments in
cardiovascular research. Chapter One reviews new concepts and
targets in pulmonary hypertension. Chapter Two discusses new
directions in aortic valve disease treatments. Chapter Three
focuses on how altering energy substrate metabolism in the heart
can be used as an approach for the treatment of cardiac
ischemia-reperfusion. Chapter Four analyses cardiovascular and
renal risks in women after preeclampsia. Chapter Five studies the
impact of energy drink consumption on cardiovascular diseases.
Chapter Six reviews fluid management strategies in heart failure
patients suffering from diuretic resistance. Chapter Seven explains
the effects of macrolides as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on
cardiovascular remodeling. Chapter Eight describes methodologies
that use neutralising antibodies or immunoglobulins to prevent
graft arterial disease.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to
any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually
used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart
failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic. This book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as cardiac sarcoidosis; heart failure and acute
phase proteins; endothelial dysfunction in hypertension; treatment
of unprotected left main coronary artery; cholesterol and coronary
atherosclerosis; pulse decomposition for artery pressure waveforms;
and multidetector computed tomography as a potential modality to
detect subclinical atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to
any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually
used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart
failure (CHF) has emerged as a major world-wide epidemic. This book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as hemodynamic examination using echocardiography in
critical care; transesophageal echocardiography during the
implantation of core valve percutaneous aortic prosthesis; left
atrial radio frequency ablation with mitral aortic valve surgery;
intraoperative defibrillation threshold testing; and the
pathogenesis and future treatments of chronic cardiac rejection.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to
any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually
used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart
failure (CHF) has emerged as a major world-wide epidemic. This book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as electrical restitution and ventricular
tachyarrhythmia; radiation hazards in cardiac intervention;
surgical management of chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation;
platelet biology in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease
and the role of HMGB1 in cardiac dysfunction during septic shock.
Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 20 first explores
preventive cardiology, a new subspecialty in cardiovascular
medicine, discussing how it is possible to modify lifestyle and
coronary risk factors well in advance of clinical events. The
authors describes an approach to echocardiography of the aortic
arch for reliable demonstration of the arch segments while reducing
confounding from a patent ductus arteriosus. This compilation goes
on to discuss intravascular ultrasound, which complements the
conventional angiographic study and allows for the acquirement of
high definition images of arteries for the evaluation of atheroma
plaques. Additionally, a brief presentation of the X-ray
angiography image processing methods is provided. The perioperative
use of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery, specifically its role in
early extubation, delirium management, and reducing morbidity is
assessed. Evidence-based treatments for secondary prevention of
ischemic heart diseases are described, including the use of
antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors, and statins, as well as lifestyle modifications. The
authors propose that the assessment of renal function in patients
with heart failure is very important because it can reflect their
hemodynamic status and provide a better prognostic score. The
authors describe some of the common drug-related problems in
patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as their
consequences, so as to identify patients who may be at risk and
review several interventions designed to limit their occurrence.
The closing study discusses how, to further evaluate for an aortic
dissection, additional official radiologic studies likely need to
be obtained to aid in diagnosis and operative planning.
Atrial fibrillation is initiated by triggers in combination with
underlying atrial substrate. Horizons in World Cardiovascular
Research. Volume 17 discusses how innovations in cardiac magnetic
resonance imaging techniques, especially late gadolinium
enhancement imaging, have advanced our ability to better understand
and accurately identify fibrosis in the atrial myocardium of atrial
fibrillation patients. According to the nephron number hypothesis,
individuals born with kidneys with fewer nephrons would be at
increased risk for hypertension and renal disease later in life.
Evidence supporting a role for preterm birth itself as a
programming risk factor come from observations demonstrating that
the degree of prematurity impacts the severity of hypertension or
renal dysfunction observed later in life, indicating a
dose-response effect of preterm birth. As such, the authors review
this effect in the context of consequences for the mother after
pregnancy as well as individuals born during premature labor. This
compilation goes on to discuss venous thromboembolism, a spectrum
of disease that includes both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary
embolism. Venous thromboembolism affects 950,000 patients every
year and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare clinical entity
resulting in partial or complete duodenal obstruction due to
compression of the third part of the duodenum. Symptoms will vary
depending on the severity, but can be very debilitating. The
authors discuss the diagnosis of this rare condition, as well as
treatment options. Next, the surgical anatomy of the superior
mesenteric artery is schematized through a subdivision in three
segments, each with a different method for surgical dissection, for
a better understanding of its surgical anatomy. The final chapter
focuses on the current development of zebrafish models for the
screening for cardiotoxic and cardioprotective agents. The
administration of endocrine disruptors, cigarette smoke,
acrylamide, phthalates and phosphate, heavy metals, inoculation
infectious agent, alcohol, surgery and laser light radiations are
the major cause of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to
any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually
used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart
failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic. This book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as cardiac connexin gap junction channels; the
impact of alternative splicing on cardiovascular biology; gender
aspects in septic patients receiving QTc prolonging drugs;
nanotechnology for cardiovascular therapy; ineffective endocarditis
associated to oral bacteremia; neonatal echocardiography;
endocarditis symptoms, treatment and prevention; metabolomics in
aortic stenosis; mid-term outcome of mitral valve repair and
coronary artery bypass grafting for ischemic or degenerative mitral
regurgitation; and early repolarisation and ventricular
fibrillation in a young Tunisian woman.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term
technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular
system, it is usually used to refer to those related to
atherosclerosis (arterial disease). Chronic heart failure (CHF) has
emerged as a major world-wide epidemic. Recently, a fundamental
shift in the underlying aetiology of CHF is becoming evident, in
which the most common cause is no longer hypertension or valvular
disease, but rather long-term survival after acute myocardial
infarction. Chronic artery disease (CAD) is the cause of CHF in the
majority of patients, and CHF is the only mode of CAD presentation
associated with increasing incidence of mortality. This new and
important book gathers the latest research in cardiovascular
disease with a focus on such topics as: diabetic cardiomyopathy,
the promise of biological pacemakers, stem cells and repairs of the
heart, cardiac autonomic function and sports activity, "tako-tsubo
cardiomyopathy" and others.
In this compilation, the authors present and discuss various
aspects of arrhythmias in endurance competitive and leisure-time
sportsmen including master athletes based on their extensive
experience and international literature. The value of heart rate
monitors for evaluating exercise intensity and for diagnosis of
arrhythmias is discussed and standard procedure for dealing with
suspected arrhythmias useful both for athletes, their coaches or
doctors is proposed. Next, the authors focus on recent literature
data related to the role of endothelial nitric oxide and inducible
nitric oxide in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Nitric oxide is a free radical which, in reactions with various
molecules, causes multiple biological effects. It is exceptionally
regulated and extends to almost every cell type and function within
circulation. Extracranial carotid artery stenosis is a major cause
of stroke and is treated with either carotid endarterectomy (CEA)
or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and carotid artery
stenting (CAS). In this collection, several types of imaging study
have been used to identify complications related to in-stent
restenosis, including Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography
angiography, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance
angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence
tomography. The authors go on to discuss some recent randomized
studies that compared different d rug-eluting balloon catheters
(DEB) with drug-eluting stents (DES) used to treat BMS- in-stent
restenosis or DES- in-stent restenosis, and the long-term clinical
results of those studies. Evidence from controlled clinical studies
has suggested that DES and drug-eluting balloon catheters (DEB)
provide the best clinical and angiographic results in the treatment
of ISR. Following this, the dynamics of the conformation changes in
the subdomains of the NC1 hexamer under the influence of sound
frequencies distressing them was studied in gelatin (film) and
collagen (cardiac aorta/veins endothelium) obtained from pork,
using the gravitation mass spectroscopy method (GMS). Continuing,
most coronary events are caused by significant stenoses or
vulnerable plaques. Recent studies have shown that significant
stenoses and vulnerable plaques often coexist. The basic concept
that underlies these entities is increased plaque volume.
Additionally, recent evidence shows that coronary calcium score and
fractional flow reserve are the most accurate methods to assess
increased plaque volume, and therefore, have high prognostic value.
The main goal of the subsequent study is the application of an
immunohistochemistry technique in order to diagnose myocardial
ischemia in early stages with a better confidence rate. Sudden
cardiac death cases were selected and their findings were
qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. The study focuses on the
evolution and location of fibronectin in the ischemic
cardiomyocytes during process of infarction and remodeling of
cardiac scars. Lastly, the authors investigate the incidence of
very late in-stent restenosis and risk factors for very late target
lesion revascularization (TLR) in patients with sirolimus-eluting
stent (SES). Very late SES-TLR was associated with history of
hemodialysis and previous PCI with SES for ISR lesion.
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term
technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular
system, it is usually used to refer to those related to
atherosclerosis (arterial disease). Chronic heart failure (CHF) has
emerged as a major world-wide epidemic. This new and important book
gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus
on such topics as: drug-induced valvular heart disease; cardiac
pacing and cognition; oral bacteria in the hearts of patients with
valvular disease; bicuspid aortic valve in athletes; chronic
persistent infections as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease;
rheumatic valvulopathy; shared susceptibility genes of metabolic
syndrome and cardiovascular disease; and others.
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