What kinds of work will be available in the 1980s? For whom? When should a person retire? Should a retiree find a part-time job? The authors answer such questions by examining a multitude of factors that will affect work decisions in the coming decade. Their findings will alert decision-makers in both private organizations and the government to the employment issues that dominate the 1980s.

This volume reports the different ways in which various urban academic health centers are seeking to reposition themselves in order to protect and advance their primary missions of education, biomedical research, and sophisticated patient care.

This book focuses on ineffective adolescent behavior and evaluates prevention programs. In addition, the purpose is to assess the current efforts to reduce adolescent behavior such as drunk driving, teenage pregnancy, and dropping out of school. Also considered is whether prevention programs are effective in reducing the individual and social costs of disability and death resulting from such destructive behavior. It is noted that race and income are not determining factors in accounting for drunk driving among adolescents and young adults. However, race, poverty, and single-parent households go far to account for the vast majority of adolescents who become pregnant, use drugs, or drop out of school. A chapter is devoted to statistics, prevention, and deterrent strategies of adolescent drunk driving. Another explores teenage pregnancy, the programmatic approaches, and services. Drug use is discussed in another chapter, with prevention methods emphasized. The final issue focused upon is the intervention of students dropping out of school. The last chapter discusses possible prevention measures for each of the above issues.

This book provides a thorough and careful examination of fate of public programs and specialty providers, academic health centers, and graduate medical education related issues in U.S. health reform.

This book is based on papers that were prepared for the Cornell University Medical College Second Conference on Health Policy held in New York City on February 27-28, 1986. It discusses the major changes that are operating to reshape the U.S. health care sector.

This volume is the first of four publications that will present the research on technology and employment carried out by Conservation of Human Resources of Columbia University over the past several years. This research was started with a small grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1982.

Nearly 85 years ago, Wesley Clair Mitchell, the acknowledged leader of American economists during the first half of this century, wrote: "Important as the art of spending is, we have developed less skill in its practice than in the practice of making money. Common sense forbids our wasting dollars earned by irksome efforts; and yet we are notoriously extravagant. Ignorance of qualities, uncertainty of taste, lack of accounting, carelessness about pricesa. Many of us scarcely know what becomes of our moneya."More than ever, in our world of ever-increasing credit card debt, lenient bankruptcy laws, and runaway consumption, these words still ring true. This collection of Mitchell's essays, makes it easier for today's and tomorrow's economists and social scientists to become acquainted with Mitchell's many contributions to the study of the American economy.Regrettably, the passage of time can blur and even obliterate the reputation and achievements of yesterday's leaders of ideas and actions. Although the National Bureau of Economic Research, which Mitchell helped to found and which he led in the 1920s and 1930s, remains a leading research institution, relatively few of its associates, who represent the elite among U.S. academic economists, have any first-hand acquaintance with Mitchell's work. Eli Ginzberg rounds out this edition with Mitchell's comprehensive analysis of "Business Cycles," first published in 1929, an area that commanded most of his scholarly efforts. Ginzberg's essay on Mitchell, written in 1931 and published for the first time in 1997, serves as an appropriate introduction to this new edition. His afterword contains remarks delivered at the 50th anniversary of Mitchell's death at the meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association held in Chicago early in 1998, a telling tribute to this undisputed giant in the field.Wesley Clair Mitchell (1874u1948) held major teaching posts at the University of California and Columbia University. One of the most eminent U.S. economists, Mitchell focused much of his research on the statistical investigation of business cycles. His two major works are Business Cycles (1913) and Business Cycles: The Problem at its Setting, (1927).Eli Ginzberg is A. Barton Hepburn Professor Emeritus at the Graduate School of Business, and Director of the Eisenhower Center for the Conservation of Human Resources at Columbia University.

This is a deeply personal memoir by the doyen of applied economics in the United States. His name is indelibly linked to the creation, expansion, and refinement of employment policy and human resource needs from 1935 to the present. Eli Ginzberg has been a longtime consultant to the federal government, including nine presidents. In this volume, the focus is on American Jewry in the present century from the perspective of an active participant observer and a critical social science based analyst.My Brother's Keeper deals with the changing position of American Jewry in the twentieth century. Ginzberg makes extensive use of his own experiences to review the changes that have taken place in urban life, university involvement, and government agencies. The work covers Jewish life from pre-Hitler Germany to the present, and discusses with intimate candor synagogue life. Drawing upon his unique vantage point, Ginzberg presents new material about many leaders and events that helped transform the role of American Jews in their relationship with other Americans and Israel. At a more conceptual level the author explores major new influences that have reshaped American Jewry, such as the rise of neo-orthodoxy, the substantial increase in Jewish day schools, the blossoming of Judaica studies in American universities, and the rise of women in leadership roles.This memoir makes use of the best social science evidence, and draws on the special experiences of the author in the world of a deeply religious family and tradition. It ranks as a major contribution to the small shelf of self-reflections by social scientists.

This classic study of the effect of unemployment and of the ways of relieving it upon actual, typical families of the 1930s and 1940s is a vivid, startling picture of the demoralizing influence and consequences of America's relief policies during the Depression years. The study comprises an incisive interpretation of the problem and a series of absorbing human interest stories of representative families on relief cases selected from experiences of relief, including the records of families from various religious groups in an exhaustive study conducted in New York City. Most research on unemployment of the 1930s conspicuously lacks studies of the unemployed themselves. Yet, this is the crux of the matter necessary to truly understand the cbnsequences of unemployment then and now, so as to deal with it intelligently and efficiently. This book deals with what employment does to people. It answers important questions about the unemployed that are rarely asked. Who are they? Did they fail to earn a living even in prosperous times? What precipitated their unemployment? Do they prefer relief to work? Did unemployment bring about changes in how they think and feel? This is a volume of continuing relevance, and will be of interest to legislators, economists, social scientists, social workers, and psychologists.

In the English-speaking world, Karl Renner is by far the best-known among the Austro-Marxists who were active in the Austrian socialist movement during the first few decades of the twentieth century. Recognition of Renner's scholarship is due largely to the English translations of his works on Marxism, as well as to the secondary writings on his notions of socialist legality and national cultural autonomy. Renner has for over half a century been celebrated for the only book of his that has, to date, been wholly translated into English. It remains the classic socialist attempt to off er a realistic understanding of the role of the legal institution of private property in modern society: The Institutions of Private Law and Their Social Functions. In his introduction to this edition, A. Javier Trevii?1/2o discusses the volume's relevance for today, and briefly describes that aspect of Renner's life that occupied most of this time and energy: his involvement in Austrian social democratic politics. The substance of Renner's exposition remains intact. The text provides one of the best insights into the relationship between capitalism and property's economic functions. It emphasizes how this fundamental institution's application has, since the initial stage of finance capitalism, increased or diminished, been externally transformed, or inherently metamorphosed. In an age of unprecedented global financial crisis, emerging market countries, and increased government regulation, Trevii?1/2o suggests we would do well to heed the book's message. It might help us understand the complex situations we encounter today as we grapple with our hybrid identities as salaried workers and economic investors.

In one of the foremost critiques of the widespread view that in market-based economics the fluctuations of the marketplace are essentially self-regulating, Eli Ginzberg argues the reverse. He asserts that government regulation or intervention to provide stability in the capitalist marketplace is a necessity. In this classic statement of macroeconomic theory, Ginzberg argues that self-directed stable economies, devoid of an appreciation of social and psychological factors, are essentially illusory. The ability of strong blocs--corporate, labor, and agricultural--to control the market in the hope of bettering their economic position places great difficulties in the path of securing a stable economy. For Ginzberg, economic fluctuations in the decade preceding the Great Depression can largely be explained by the interaction of technological, psychological, and monetary factors. Without these factors being subjected to some sort of control, economic stability must remain an illusion. The current period of a significant fall-off in earnings, profits, and full employment also followed a decade of unparalleled monetary growth. The concerns Ginzberg raised are relevant once again. It may turn out that the "neoliberalism" of the present has something to say in response to the free market/free society premises currently in vogue. In a brilliant introductory essay, Nobel Laureate Robert M. Solow offers an impressive report card on The Illusion of Economic Stability: "The prose is tighter and more aphoristic than late Ginzberg, and the tone is more detached, even sardonic." He concludes by admitting that a volatile stock market is one more reason why automatic economic stability seems as illusory today as it did when the book first appeared.

"Business is a necessary evil that the moral leaders of mankind have tolerated but never condoned. At no time did they view with favor the pursuit of material gain. The Old Testament prophets proclaimed against the rapacity of the rich. Jesus scorned the money lenders. Luther had no kind words to say to the wealthy, nor did Calvin indulge the new bourgeoisie." Thus begins this fi rst book-length study of social philosopher and political economist Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations. Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a Scottish-born thinker who served as both professor of logic and professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow University. While the publication of his philosophic treatise The Theory of Moral Sentiments at age thirty-six gave Smith fame, The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, has established his lasting reputation. Recognized in its own day as an important and compassionate examination of economics, the book was praised by Thomas Jefferson for its contribution to the fi eld of economics. Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations for several reasons: he was disgusted with the business methods practiced by merchants and manufacturers, and he was concerned with improving the well-being of society. Refl ecting his own concerns about the contribution economics could make to the betterment of society, Eli Ginzberg published this study of Smith's humanitarian views on commerce, industrialism, and labor. Written for his doctoral degree at Columbia University, and originally published as The House of Adam Smith, the book is divided into two parts. The fi rst part reconstructs and interprets Smith's classic The Wealth of Nations, while the second part examines Smith as the patron saint and prophet of the successes of nineteenthcentury capitalism. Adam Smith and the Founding of Market Economics is a fascinating study, and contributes signifi cantly to our understanding of capitalism, free trade, the division of management and labor, and the history of world economics in the nineteenth century. Its republication, with a new introduction by the author, will be valued by economists, political historians, students of philosophy, and policymakers.

This book focuses on ineffective adolescent behavior and evaluates prevention programs. In addition, the purpose is to assess the current efforts to reduce adolescent behavior such as drunk driving, teenage pregnancy, and dropping out of school. Also considered is whether prevention programs are effective in reducing the individual and social costs of disability and death resulting from such destructive behavior. It is noted that race and income are not determining factors in accounting for drunk driving among adolescents and young adults. However, race, poverty, and single-parent households go far to account for the vast majority of adolescents who become pregnant, use drugs, or drop out of school. A chapter is devoted to statistics, prevention, and deterrent strategies of adolescent drunk driving. Another explores teenage pregnancy, the programmatic approaches, and services. Drug use is discussed in another chapter, with prevention methods emphasized. The final issue focused upon is the intervention of students dropping out of school. The last chapter discusses possible prevention measures for each of the above issues.

This book focuses on the aspects of the changing U.S. labor market, including the role that the export of advanced business services from the United States plays in the increasing globalization of the world's economy and the reemergence of national employment policy.

This volume seeks a better understanding of the issues and options involved in the generation and transfer of technology to poor small farmers. It is intended to provide a fresh opportunity to develop guidelines for the future design and implementation of rural development investment projects.

In the English-speaking world, Karl Renner is by far the best-known among the Austro-Marxists who were active in the Austrian socialist movement during the first few decades of the twentieth century. Recognition of Renner's scholarship is due largely to the English translations of his works on Marxism, as well as to the secondary writings on his notions of socialist legality and national cultural autonomy.

Renner has for over half a century been celebrated for the only book of his that has, to date, been wholly translated into English. It remains the classic socialist attempt to off er a realistic understanding of the role of the legal institution of private property in modern society: "The Institutions of Private Law and Their Social Functions." In his introduction to this edition, A. Javier Trevii1/2o discusses the volume's relevance for today, and briefly describes that aspect of Renner's life that occupied most of this time and energy: his involvement in Austrian social democratic politics.

The substance of Renner's exposition remains intact. The text provides one of the best insights into the relationship between capitalism and property's economic functions. It emphasizes how this fundamental institution's application has, since the initial stage of finance capitalism, increased or diminished, been externally transformed, or inherently metamorphosed. In an age of unprecedented global financial crisis, emerging market countries, and increased government regulation, Trevii1/2o suggests we would do well to heed the book's message. It might help us understand the complex situations we encounter today as we grapple with our hybrid identities as salaried workers and economic investors.

The Metropolitan Academic Medical Center provides a careful reexamination of developments of the past decade, offers insights for improving medical education, biomedical research, and health care services, and examines the fate of the medical academy.

This volume analyzes in considerable depth how fears, prejudices, social and moral values, and individual perceptions have affected and shaped the public, the personal, the professional, and the economic ways in which our society interacts with people suffering from HIV infections.

This is a deeply personal memoir by the doyen of applied economics in the United States. His name is indelibly linked to the creation, expansion, and refinement of employment policy and human resource needs from 1935 to the present. Eli Ginzberg has been a longtime consultant to the federal government, including nine presidents. In this volume, the focus is on American Jewry in the present century from the perspective of an active participant observer and a critical social science based analyst.

"My Brother's Keeper" deals with the changing position of American Jewry in the twentieth century. Ginzberg makes extensive use of his own experiences to review the changes that have taken place in urban life, university involvement, and government agencies. The work covers Jewish life from pre-Hitler Germany to the present, and discusses with intimate candor synagogue life. Drawing upon his unique vantage point, Ginzberg presents new material about many leaders and events that helped transform the role of American Jews in their relationship with other Americans and Israel. At a more conceptual level the author explores major new influences that have reshaped American Jewry, such as the rise of neo-orthodoxy, the substantial increase in Jewish day schools, the blossoming of Judaica studies in American universities, and the rise of women in leadership roles.

This memoir makes use of the best social science evidence, and draws on the special experiences of the author in the world of a deeply religious family and tradition. It ranks as a major contribution to the small shelf of self-reflections by social scientists.

This book contains five chapters based on papers that were prepared for the Cornell University Medical College Second Conference on Health Policy held in New York City on February 27-28, 1986, plus an introductory chapter and a summary of the discussion written by me as chairman and editor. The title, From Physician Shortage to Patient Shortage: The Uncertain Future of Medical Practice, underscores two of the major changes that are operating to reshape the U.S. health care sector.

This volume is the first of four publications that will present the research on technology and employment carried out by Conservation of Human Resources of Columbia University over the past several years. This research was started with a small grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1982.