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By 2050, two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities.
To thrive, they will need efficient and sustainable forms of
transport, but to achieve this, the financial incentives guiding
urban transport operation must change - and change rapidly. Urban
transport plays a critical role in determining the social,
environmental and economic shape of cities. Improving Urban Access:
New Approaches to Funding Transport Investment provide innovative
ideas on how we might reorganize transport finance to ensure that
it is suited to serving the social, environmental and economic
principles that must guide future urban living. Continuing the work
begun by its predecessor, Urban Access for the 21st Century, the
authors assess the complexity of implementing new finance
approaches and suggest ways to make positive and radical changes.
Although the range of revenue raising options remain limited to
users, indirect beneficiaries, and the general public, these can be
recast to transform the way transport is paid for and therefore how
its services are delivered. New finance models only succeed when
they are intrinsically linked to the economic, social, cultural and
political forces that create urban life. Together these volumes
provide a starting point for the deeper research and policy design
needed to successfully create urban transport finance systems that
can address the challenges that 21st century cities present.
This book sets out a road map for the provision of urban access for
all. For most of the last century cities have followed a path of
dependency on car dominated urban transport favouring the middle
classes. Urban Access for the 21st Century seeks to change this.
Policies need to be more inclusive of the accessibility needs of
the urban poor. Change requires redesigning the existing public
finance systems that support urban mobility. The aim is to diminish
their embedded biases towards automobile-based travel. Through a
series of chapters from international contributors, the book brings
together expertise from different fields. It shows how small
changes can incentivize large positive developments in urban
transport and create truly accessible cities.
For the first time in history, half of the world's population lives
in urban areas and it is expected that, by 2050, that figure will
rise to above two-thirds. A large proportion of this urban growth
will be taking place in the cities of the developing world, where
the provision of adequate health, shelter, water and sanitation and
climate change adaptation efforts for rapidly-growing urban
populations will be an urgent priority. This transition to an urban
world could be a negative transformation; but, if well-planned, it
could also offer an unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives
of some of the world's poorest people. This volume brings together
some of the world's foremost experts in urban development with the
aim of approaching these issues as an opportunity for real positive
change. The chapters focus on three strategically critical aspects
of this transformation: public health shelter, water and sanitation
climate change adaptation. These are considered using an integrated
approach that takes account of the many different sectors and
stakeholders involved, and always in terms of the solutions rather
than the problems. The book offers a blueprint for action in these
sectors and will be of great interest to academics and policymakers
in all aspects of urban development and planning.
Zoning is at once a key technical competency of urban planning
practice and a highly politicized regulatory tool. How this
contradiction between the technical and political is resolved has
wide-reaching implications for urban equity and sustainability, two
key concerns of urban planning. Moving beyond critiques of zoning
as a regulatory hindrance to local affordability or merely the
rulebook that guides urban land use, this textbook takes an
institutional approach to zoning, positioning its practice within
the larger political, social, and economic conflicts that shape
local access for diverse groups across urban space. Foregrounding
the historical-institutional setting in which zoning is embedded
allows planners to more deeply engage with the equity and
sustainability issues related to zoning practice. By approaching
zoning from a social science and planning perspective, this text
engages students of urban planning, policy, and design with several
key questions relevant to the realities of zoning and land
regulation they encounter in practice. Why has the practice of
zoning evolved as it has? How do social and economic institutions
shape zoning in contemporary practice? How does zoning relate to
the other competencies of planning, such as housing and transport?
Where and why has zoning, an act of physical land use regulation,
replaced social planning? These questions, grounded in examples and
cases, will prompt readers to think critically about the potential
and limitations of zoning. By reforging the important links between
zoning practice and the concerns of the urban planning profession,
this text provides a new framework for considering zoning in the
21st century and beyond.
By 2050, two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities.
To thrive, they will need efficient and sustainable forms of
transport, but to achieve this, the financial incentives guiding
urban transport operation must change - and change rapidly. Urban
transport plays a critical role in determining the social,
environmental and economic shape of cities. Improving Urban Access:
New Approaches to Funding Transport Investment provide innovative
ideas on how we might reorganize transport finance to ensure that
it is suited to serving the social, environmental and economic
principles that must guide future urban living. Continuing the work
begun by its predecessor, Urban Access for the 21st Century, the
authors assess the complexity of implementing new finance
approaches and suggest ways to make positive and radical changes.
Although the range of revenue raising options remain limited to
users, indirect beneficiaries, and the general public, these can be
recast to transform the way transport is paid for and therefore how
its services are delivered. New finance models only succeed when
they are intrinsically linked to the economic, social, cultural and
political forces that create urban life. Together these volumes
provide a starting point for the deeper research and policy design
needed to successfully create urban transport finance systems that
can address the challenges that 21st century cities present.
This book sets out a road map for the provision of urban access for
all. For most of the last century cities have followed a path of
dependency on car dominated urban transport favouring the middle
classes. Urban Access for the 21st Century seeks to change this.
Policies need to be more inclusive of the accessibility needs of
the urban poor. Change requires redesigning the existing public
finance systems that support urban mobility. The aim is to diminish
their embedded biases towards automobile-based travel. Through a
series of chapters from international contributors, the book brings
together expertise from different fields. It shows how small
changes can incentivize large positive developments in urban
transport and create truly accessible cities.
For the first time in history, half of the world's population lives
in urban areas and it is expected that, by 2050, that figure will
rise to above two-thirds. A large proportion of this urban growth
will be taking place in the cities of the developing world, where
the provision of adequate health, shelter, water and sanitation and
climate change adaptation efforts for rapidly-growing urban
populations will be an urgent priority. This transition to an urban
world could be a negative transformation; but, if well-planned, it
could also offer an unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives
of some of the world's poorest people. This volume brings together
some of the world's foremost experts in urban development with the
aim of approaching these issues as an opportunity for real positive
change. The chapters focus on three strategically critical aspects
of this transformation: public health shelter, water and sanitation
climate change adaptation. These are considered using an integrated
approach that takes account of the many different sectors and
stakeholders involved, and always in terms of the solutions rather
than the problems. The book offers a blueprint for action in these
sectors and will be of great interest to academics and policymakers
in all aspects of urban development and planning.
Zoning is at once a key technical competency of urban planning
practice and a highly politicized regulatory tool. How this
contradiction between the technical and political is resolved has
wide-reaching implications for urban equity and sustainability, two
key concerns of urban planning. Moving beyond critiques of zoning
as a regulatory hindrance to local affordability or merely the
rulebook that guides urban land use, this textbook takes an
institutional approach to zoning, positioning its practice within
the larger political, social, and economic conflicts that shape
local access for diverse groups across urban space. Foregrounding
the historical-institutional setting in which zoning is embedded
allows planners to more deeply engage with the equity and
sustainability issues related to zoning practice. By approaching
zoning from a social science and planning perspective, this text
engages students of urban planning, policy, and design with several
key questions relevant to the realities of zoning and land
regulation they encounter in practice. Why has the practice of
zoning evolved as it has? How do social and economic institutions
shape zoning in contemporary practice? How does zoning relate to
the other competencies of planning, such as housing and transport?
Where and why has zoning, an act of physical land use regulation,
replaced social planning? These questions, grounded in examples and
cases, will prompt readers to think critically about the potential
and limitations of zoning. By reforging the important links between
zoning practice and the concerns of the urban planning profession,
this text provides a new framework for considering zoning in the
21st century and beyond.
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