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The present volume is the result of a project which concentrated on
a selected subset of linguistic knowledge with the aim of giving a
systematic account of the various aspects of structure and process
in this subset and the interpretation of these. The subset that for
a number of reasons appeared appropriate to this undertaking
centres around the dimensional adjectives of German. That the en
terprise ultimately produced a less integrated and complete result
than expected is due to several reasons. Some of these are of an
intrinsic nature, ever present, and not particularly surprising.
Some, however, are related to the character of the project itself
and are worth commenting upon, as they reflect specific expe
riences and difficulties which we encountered during several years
of working on the project. We started from the assumption that the
dimensional adjectives constitute a sufficiently rich, but
nevertheless limited domain of grammatical and concep tual
structure which is fairly well understood and explored in relevant
aspects. Consequently we expected that summarizing, integrating,
and extending the nu merous results that were available should
quickly lead to a more complete picture of the interaction of the
components involved. However, even had the premise of this
assumption been correct, the conclusion turned out to be wrong
fairly early in the project. On closer inspection, the
investigations of the phenomena were much less complete, the facts
agreed upon less systematic, and the proposed anal yses far less
convincing than supposed initially."
Unlike the notion of AargumentA that is central to modern
linguistic theorizing, the phenomena that are commonly subsumed
under the complementary notion AadjunctA so far have not attracted
the attention they deserve. In this volume, leading experts in the
field present current approaches to the grammar and pragmatics of
adjuncts. Among other things, the contributions scrutinize the
argument-adjunct distinction, specify conditions of adjunct
placement, discuss compositionality issues, and propose new
analyses of event-related modification. They are meant to shed new
light on an area of linguistic structure that is deemed to be
notoriously overlooked.
On the basis of a semantic analysis of dimension terms, this book
develops a theory about knowledge of spatial objects, which is
significant for cognitive linguistics and artificial intelligence.
This new approach to knowledge structure evolves in a three-step
process: - adoption of the linguistic theory with its elements,
principles and representational levels, - implementation of the
latter in a Prolog prototype, and - integration of the prototype
into a large natural language understanding system. The study
documents interdisciplinary research at work: the model of spatial
knowledge is the fruit of the cooperative efforts of linguists,
computational linguists, and knowledge engineers, undertaken in
that logical and chronological order. The book offers a two-level
approach to semantic interpretation and proves that it works by
means of a precise computer implementation, which in turn is
applied to support a task-independent knowledge representation
system. Each of these stages is described in detail, and the links
are made explicit, thus retracing the evolution from theory to
practice.
Grundlage dieses Buches bildet die Wissensbasis des LILOG-Systems
als integraler Bestandteil der zweiten prototypischen
Implementierung eines textverstehenden Systems, die im
Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum der IBM Deutschland GmbH in Kooperation
mit mehreren Universit{ten realisiert wurde. Die bei der
Entwicklung der Wissensbasis getroffenen
Modellierungsentscheidungen werden dokumentiert und in ihrem
Zusammenhang mit anderen Komponenten des Systems, insbesondere den
Modulen f}r die sprachliche Analyse und Generierung, betrachtet.
Besonderes Augenmerk gilt jeweils der Verkn}pfung von Alltagswissen
mit sprachlichem Wissen und der Benutzersicht auf logikbasierte
Formalismen. Ziel ist es, einen Beitrag zu leisten zu
erfahrungsgest}tzten und theoriegeleiteten Entwurfsprinzipien f}r
Wissensbasen. Die verschiedenen Aufs{tze lassen sich vier Bereichen
zuordnenund besch{ftigen sich mit }bergreifenden Aspekten der
Wissensmodellierung, mit Bez}gen zur sprachlichen Oberfl{che und zu
Inferenzen im System, sowie mit Aspekten der Entwicklung und
Verwaltung von Wissensbasen. Die erreichte hohe Vernetzung der
interdisziplin{ren Diskussion spiegelt sich in wechselseitigen
Bezugnahmen und Kommentaren der Autoren wider.
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