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Minister, Mr. Mayor, Mr. Honourary President, Honoured guests,
Ladies and gentlemen, Dear colleagues and friends: On behalf of the
Ophthalmological Society of the German Democratic Republic I
welcome you to this symposium. I am glad to see so many experts
from more than 20 countries of all parts of the world assembled
here in Schwerin, who have travelled far and overcome many
obstacles in doing so. I wish to extend a special welcome to the
Vice-Minister of Health of the GDR, whom we should like to thank
for the continuing generous support of the government of the GDR
for this event. It is a great pleasure to welcome scientists from
socialist countries such as the Soviet union, Poland,
Cechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia and from non
socialist countries such as USA, Canada, Great Britain, The
Netherlands, Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Austria,
Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and far away
Japan and Australia. I have the great honour to welcome Prof.
FRANQOIS as our Honourary President, our scientific directors Prof.
VOLKOV from Leningrad and Prof. BLODI from Iowa City, and Dr.
ZIMMERMAN and other members of the Verhoeff Society, and Prof.
GAILLOUD and Prof. MEYER-SCHWIcKERATH as prominent representatives
of the Club Jules Gonin. We are delighted that you have accepted
our invitation.
We in ophthalmology are fortunate to be able to measure
quantitatively many aspects of ocular morphology and visual
function. These measurements are either objective (e. g.
electroretinography, tonometry, electromyography, visually evoked
responses, etc.) or subjective and psychophysical (e. g. visual
acuity, visual fields, color vision, etc.). One aspect of corneal
physiology and pathology which has so far escaped careful and
reliable measurements is corneal sensitivity. Previous attempts
have been rather crude and can be compared to measuring intraocular
pressure by digital compression. Professor Draeger has for the last
decade and a half directed his attention to the question of
esthesiometry of the cornea. He has a gift for constructing and
devising new ingenious ocular instruments. His handheld tonometer
is a splendid example. He has now applied the principle of this
instrument to the new electronic optical esthesiometer. In many
publications he has reported on his first results using this modern
technique to study corneal physiology and evaluate certain
pathologic conditions. In this monograph Professor Draeger has
collected all of his material and reports on his long experience.
The usefulness of this instrument is just beginning to be
appreciated. It is obvious that this new measuring device will help
us in the fitting of contact lenses, evaluating herpes simplex
infections of the cornea, follow the postoperative course of
patients with a penetrating keratoplasty, etc.
This monograph by Professor Alexandridis continues the proud
tradition of German ophthalmology in its discussion of the pupil
and its importance in the diagnosis of ocular, neurologic, and
systemic diseases. The first encyclopedic work on the pupil was
written by Wilbrand and Saenger at the end of the 19th century.
This redoubtable pair of physicians collected, analyzed, and clas
sified all the material available at that time, bringing order into
the previous chaos. The second major work was the book by C. v.
Behr shortly after World War 1. At that time, syphilis had been
accurately diagnosed with the aid of serologic tests, and
pharmacologic effects on the pupil had become well known. The third
significant development was initiated before World War II by the
neurologist Otto Lowenstein, whose work was later brilliantly
continued by his pupil and niece Irene Lowenfeld. The introduction
of their clinically useful pupillograph made quantitative analysis
possible. There followed a number of important contributions to the
knowledge of pupillary physiology and pathology, espe cially by
Harms in Tiibingen and Thompson in Iowa City. But the next decisive
contribution is this monograph by Alexandridis."
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