Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.

Cochlear implants have instigated a popular but controversial revolution in the treatment of deafness. This book discusses the physiological bases of using artificial devices to electrically stimulate the brain to interpret sounds. As the first successful device to restore neural function, the cochlear implant serves as a model for research in neuroscience and biomedical engineering. These and other auditory prostheses are discussed in the context of historical treatments, engineering, psychophysics and clinical issues as well as implications for speech, behavior, cognition and long-term effects on people.

Tinnitus is a prevalent hearing disease, affecting 15% of the population, particularly hearing impaired, veterans and even young people who grow up with mp3 players and iPods. The mechanisms underlying tinnitus remain controversial. At present there is no cure for tinnitus, and treatment options are limited. Different from previous tinnitus books, including A. R. Moller's book [in press at Springer], which typically have a strong clinical flavor, the present volume focuses on neural mechanisms of tinnitus and its behavioral consequences. The proposed book starts with a general summary of the field and a short introduction on the selection and content of the remaining chapters. Chapter 2 overviews tinnitus prevalence and etiologies to set the tone for significance and complexity of this neurological disorder spectrum. Chapters 3-8 cover neuroscience of tinnitus in animal models from molecular mechanisms to cortical manifestation. Chapters 9-12 cover human brain responses to tinnitus and it clinical management.

This book provides an overview of single-cell isolation, separation, injection, lysis and dynamics analysis as well as a study of their heterogeneity using different miniaturized devices. As an important part of single-cell analysis, different techniques including electroporation, microinjection, optical trapping, optoporation, rapid electrokinetic patterning and optoelectronic tweezers are described in detail. It presents different fluidic systems (e.g. continuous micro/nano-fluidic devices, microfluidic cytometry) and their integration with sensor technology, optical and hydrodynamic stretchers etc., and demonstrates the applications of single-cell analysis in systems biology, proteomics, genomics, epigenomics, cancer transcriptomics, metabolomics, biomedicine and drug delivery systems. It also discusses the future challenges for single-cell analysis, including the advantages and limitations. This book is enjoyable reading material while at the same time providing essential information to scientists in academia and professionals in industry working on different aspects of single-cell analysis. Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng is a Distinguished Professor of Engineering and System Science at the National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Dr. Tuhin Subhra Santra is a Research Associate at the California Nano Systems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.

This collection discusses various micro/nanodevice design and fabrication for single-biomolecules detection. It will be an ideal reference text for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience. This book- Discusses techniques of single-biomolecule detection, their advantages, limitations, and applications. Covers comprehensively several electrochemical detection techniques. Provides single-molecule separation, sensing, imaging, sequencing, and analysis in detail. Examines different types of cantilever-based biomolecule sensing, and its limitations. Single Biomolecule Detection and Analysis covers single-biomolecule detection and characterization using micro/nanotechnologies and micro/nanofluidic devices, electrical and magnetic detection technologies, microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, single biomolecule optical, and nanopore devices. The text covers key important biosensors-based detection, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy-based detection, electrochemical detection, metabolic engineering of animal cells, single-molecule intracellular delivery and tracking, terahertz spectroscopy-based detection, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIFR) detection, and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) detection. The text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience. Discussing chemical process, physical process, separation, sensing, imaging, sequencing, and analysis of single-molecule detection, this text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience. It covers microscopy and spectroscopy techniques for single-biomolecule detection, analysis, and their biomedical engineering applications.

This book provides an overview of single-cell isolation, separation, injection, lysis and dynamics analysis as well as a study of their heterogeneity using different miniaturized devices. As an important part of single-cell analysis, different techniques including electroporation, microinjection, optical trapping, optoporation, rapid electrokinetic patterning and optoelectronic tweezers are described in detail. It presents different fluidic systems (e.g. continuous micro/nano-fluidic devices, microfluidic cytometry) and their integration with sensor technology, optical and hydrodynamic stretchers etc., and demonstrates the applications of single-cell analysis in systems biology, proteomics, genomics, epigenomics, cancer transcriptomics, metabolomics, biomedicine and drug delivery systems. It also discusses the future challenges for single-cell analysis, including the advantages and limitations. This book is enjoyable reading material while at the same time providing essential information to scientists in academia and professionals in industry working on different aspects of single-cell analysis. Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng is a Distinguished Professor of Engineering and System Science at the National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Dr. Tuhin Subhra Santra is a Research Associate at the California Nano Systems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.

Tinnitus is a prevalent hearing disease, affecting 15% of the population, particularly hearing impaired, veterans and even young people who grow up with mp3 players and iPods. The mechanisms underlying tinnitus remain controversial. At present there is no cure for tinnitus, and treatment options are limited. Different from previous tinnitus books, including A. R. Moller's book [in press at Springer], which typically have a strong clinical flavor, the present volume focuses on neural mechanisms of tinnitus and its behavioral consequences. The proposed book starts with a general summary of the field and a short introduction on the selection and content of the remaining chapters. Chapter 2 overviews tinnitus prevalence and etiologies to set the tone for significance and complexity of this neurological disorder spectrum. Chapters 3-8 cover neuroscience of tinnitus in animal models from molecular mechanisms to cortical manifestation. Chapters 9-12 cover human brain responses to tinnitus and it clinical management.

Cochlear implants have instigated a popular but controversial revolution in the treatment of deafness. This book discusses the physiological bases of using artificial devices to electrically stimulate the brain to interpret sounds. As the first successful device to restore neural function, the cochlear implant serves as a model for research in neuroscience and biomedical engineering. These and other auditory prostheses are discussed in the context of historical treatments, engineering, psychophysics and clinical issues as well as implications for speech, behavior, cognition and long-term effects on people.

China faces many modernization challenges, but perhaps none is more pressing than that posed by climate change. China must find a new economic growth model that is simultaneously environmentally sustainable, can free it from its dependency on fossil fuels, and lift living standards for the majority of its population. But what does such a model look like? And how can China best make the transition from its present macro-economic structure to a low-carbon future? This ground-breaking economic study, led by the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Chinese Economists 50 Forum, brings together leading international thinkers in economics, climate change, and development, to tackle some of the most challenging issues relating to China's low-carbon development. This study maps out a deep carbon reduction scenario and analyzes economic policies that shift carbon use, and shows how China can take strong and decisive action to make deep reductions in carbon emission over the next forty years while maintaining high economic growth and minimizing adverse effects of a low-carbon transition. Moreover, these reductions can be achieved within the finite global carbon budget for greenhouse gas emissions, as determined by the hard constraints of climate science. The authors make the compelling case that a transition to a low-carbon economy is an essential part of China's development and modernization. Such a transformation would also present opportunities for China to improve its energy security and move its economy higher up the international value chain. They argue that even in these difficult economic times, climate change action may present more opportunities than costs. Such a transformation, for China and the rest of the world, will not be easy. But it is possible, necessary and worthwhile to pursue.

Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.

This book provides a brief overview of single-cell analysis using recent advanced technologies. The different sections cover different aspect of single cell analysis and applications with their advantages, limitations, and future challenges. The book has covered how different physical energies such as optical, electrical, and mechanical energy have been applied for single cell therapy and analysis. The recent advanced micro/nanofluidic devices have been employed for single-cell counting, manipulation, cultivation, separation, isolation, lysis, printing and patterning and host-viral interaction at single-cell level. Various chemical approaches for single-cell analysis have been discussed, such as liposome mediated materials transfer at single-cell and their analysis, discovery of antibody via single-cell, high-throughput screening of antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells, and biomolecular secretion analysis of individual cells. Moreover, different single-cell omics such as genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics have been discussed using microfluidic technologies as well as conventional approaches. The role of single cell analysis in system biology and biocatalysis have been discussed in detail. The book describes single-cell phenotyping of heterogeneous tissue, stimulation, and instant reaction quenching technology for biochemical kinetic analysis, large scale single-cell assay for the identification of biocatalysts and analytical techniques for single-cell studies in microbiology. The role of single-cell analysis in cancer, such as single-cell adhesion and cancer progression, single-cell technologies for cancer therapy, analytical technology for single cancer cell analysis, and biophysical markers for cancer cell analysis have been discussed. The flow cytometry based high throughput single-cell analysis have been well emphasized. Finally this book has covered single-cell electrophysiology, single-cell sensing and size measurement using mechanical and microwave resonators, molecular force spectroscopy for cell adhesion measurement, micro-tweezers and force microscopy techniques for single-cell mechanobiological analysis, mass spectrometry and acoustic tweezers for single-cell manipulation and analysis. This book is intended for academic and industrial researchers, undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of biomedical engineering, bio-micro/nanoengineering, and bio-micro/nano fabrication for single-cell analysis. It can be used for courses on bio-MEMS/bio-NEMS, biomicrofluidics, bio-micro/nanofabrications, micro/nanofluidics, biophysics, single cell analysis, bionanotechnology, drug delivery systems and biomedical microdevices. Collective contributions from respected experts, have brought diverse aspects of single-cell technologies in a single hand book. This will benefit researchers and practitioners in the biotechnology industry for different diseases analysis, therapeutics, diagnostics, drug discovery, drug screening etc. In addition to hard copies, the book will be available online and will often be updated by the authors.