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Nanoscale Electronic Devices and Their Applications helps readers
acquire a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of solids at
the nanoscale level in addition to their applications including
operation and properties of recent nanoscale devices. This book
includes seven chapters that give an overview of electrons in
solids, carbon nanotube devices and their applications, doping
techniques, construction and operational details of
channel-engineered MOSFETs, and spintronic devices and their
applications. Structural and operational features of phase-change
memory (PCM), memristor, and resistive random-access memory (ReRAM)
are also discussed. In addition, some applications of these
phase-change devices to logic designs have been presented. Aimed at
senior undergraduate students in electrical engineering,
micro-electronics engineering, physics, and device physics, this
book: Covers a wide area of nanoscale devices while explaining the
fundamental physics in these devices Reviews information on CNT
two- and three-probe devices, spintronic devices, CNT
interconnects, CNT memories, and NDR in CNT FETs Discusses
spin-controlled devices and their applications, multi-material
devices, and gates in addition to phase-change devices Includes
rigorous mathematical derivations of the semiconductor physics
Illustrates major concepts thorough discussions and various
diagrams
This book examines the capital structure dynamics in Indian MSMEs,
offering empirical evidence to better understand the financial
practices within entrepreneurial settings. Altaf and Shah in this
book assess the financing pattern of Indian MSMEs, response of
capital structure determinants to different macroeconomic states,
links between working capital and capital structure, cash flow
volatility and capital structure and also the impact of credit risk
on capital structure and firm performance relationship. This book
enthuses the audience looking to understand newer dynamics of
capital structure and its interplay in the Indian MSMEs.
Fractional-Order Design: Devices, Circuits, and Systems introduces
applications from the design perspective so that the reader can
learn about, and get ready to, design these applications. The book
also includes the different techniques employed to comprehensively
and straightforwardly design fractional-order systems/devices.
Furthermore, a lot of mathematics is available in the literature
for solving the fractional-order calculus for system application.
However, a small portion is employed in the design of
fractional-order systems. This book introduces the mathematics that
has been employed explicitly for fractional-order systems. Students
and scholars who wants to quickly understand the field of
fractional-order systems and contribute to its different domains
and applications will find this book a welcomed resource.
This book introduces readers to both basic and advanced concepts in
deep network models. It covers state-of-the-art deep architectures
that many researchers are currently using to overcome the
limitations of the traditional artificial neural networks. Various
deep architecture models and their components are discussed in
detail, and subsequently illustrated by algorithms and selected
applications. In addition, the book explains in detail the transfer
learning approach for faster training of deep models; the approach
is also demonstrated on large volumes of fingerprint and face image
datasets. In closing, it discusses the unique set of problems and
challenges associated with these models.
Fractional-order Modelling of Dynamic Systems with Applications in
Optimization, Signal Processing and Control introduces applications
from a design perspective, helping readers plan and design their
own applications. The book includes the different techniques
employed to design fractional-order systems/devices comprehensively
and straightforwardly. Furthermore, mathematics is available in the
literature on how to solve fractional-order calculus for system
applications. This book introduces the mathematics that has been
employed explicitly for fractional-order systems. It will prove an
excellent material for students and scholars who want to quickly
understand the field of fractional-order systems and contribute to
its different domains and applications. Fractional-order systems
are believed to play an essential role in our day-to-day
activities. Therefore, several researchers around the globe
endeavor to work in the different domains of fractional-order
systems. The efforts include developing the mathematics to solve
fractional-order calculus/systems and to achieve the feasible
designs for various applications of fractional-order systems.
Development of hybrid genotypes more need to increase the edible
oil production and it qulity traits because of increasing the human
population. Eight genotypes (Golarchi, Star, Range, DGL, Ayub2000,
Hybripol, Lagena and BA0714.) were crossed in Line x Tester mating
design (5x3). and their F1s were sown in field in RCBD with three
replications. Data of 15 F1s and their parents were recorded for
various seed yield and yield contributing traits. The data were
statistically analyzed for analysis of variance and LxT analysis.
The ANOVA for combining ability were revealed that the mean sum of
squares due to lines were significant for all traits except days to
90% flowering and for testers the mean sum of square were
significant for all traits except days to 90% flowering and 1000
seed weight. Highly significant results were found in LxT
interaction for all traits. The estimates of SCA variance was
noticed higher than GCA variance in all traits. The contributions
of lines as compared to testers were greater in case of all the
traits of Brassica napus."
Development of hybrid genotypes/ high yielded varieties more demand
to fill the gap between food production and human
population.Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies in Brassica
napus leads to develop the hybrid genotypes/ Varieties which will
be produce more seed yield, plant biomass(fodder or Saag), oil
contents, protein contents and canola type traits for good
health.In an experiment Sixteen genotypes were crossed among eleven
lines and five testers in Line x Tester mating design (11x5),55 F1
were made and Data of hybrids and their parents were recorded for
various seed yield and yield contributing traits. The results
revealed that highly significant values were found in line x tester
interaction for all the traits except the character days taken to
50% maturity. The estimates of SCA variance was noticed higher than
GCA variance in all the recorded traits.The significant potence
ratio were explained that the transformation of desirable gene in
all the recorded traits of genotypes in dominance type of gene
action for the development of hybrids or varieties in Brassica
napus."
The antioxidant potential of Skimmia anquetilia and Dicliptera
bupleuroides methanolic extracts and fractions was evaluated using
the eight multidimensional methods. The accrue data presenting
that; TEAC and FRAP Value vary from 6.09-1.65mM, 7.04-2.03 for S.
anquetilia and 3.5-0.4, 3.8-1.8 respectively for D. bupleuroides.
Phenolic content of S. anquetilia ranged from 3.04-0.4 gallic acid
(mg/L) and 1.5-0.44 gallic acid (mg/L) for D. bupleuroides. S.
anquetilia and D. bupleuroides Aqueous and organic soluble fraction
were rich of flavinoids which was range from 1712.7-249.1 mg
catchecin eq. and 885.4-107.2 mg catchecin eq respectively. Total
antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum method was determined for
various fraction of S. anquetilia and D. bupleuroides ranged from
0.555-0.09 and 0.42-0.17 respectively. The percentage of superoxide
anion radical scavenging ranged from 99.5 to 4.96 for S. anquetilia
and 78.4 to 68 for D. bupleuroides. The percentage bound Iron in S.
anquetilia fraction was varying from 73.5 to 61.9 and 94.8-69.2 for
D. bupleuroides. The amass results of indicated that S. anquetilia
and D. bupleuroides is a rich source of natural antioxidants.
Sugarcane is one of the major sugar crops of the world. In
Pakistan, it occupies a significant position in the agricultural
economy. The present investigations were carried out to examine the
genetic variability and contribution of some morphological
characters for cane yield and response of genotypes of sugar cane
toward callus formation, regeneration and screening for virus. The
results pertaining to analysis of variance elucidated highly
significant differences among the accessions for all the traits.
The tissue culture study revealed that at different treatment over
all performance of HSF-247 was better for callus induction and
genotype HSF-242 performed best at 3mg/l of 2, 4-D level. All the
investigation in the correlation study proved quite successful
because a handful increase in cane weight and plant height is
possible as they provide information regarding a suitable
combination of characters with their maximum influence on the
enhancement of cane weight and plant height. The clone will be
selected with such combinations of characters which to give maximum
improvement in their cane yield.
Sugarcane is a major cash crop of the world and occupies
significant position in agricultural economy of Pakistan Study on
correlation and path coefficient analysis on ratoon crop for cane
yield and yield related traits in 20 accessions of sugarcane
(Saccharum officinarum L.) was conducted in the field of the
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the 2008-09.Analysis of variance
indicated highly significant differences among the accessions for
all the traits. Among the traits plant height, leaf area, dry
matter contents, bagasse weight and cane yield had the positive and
significant correlation with brix value at genotypic level.
Molecular markers are useful for assessment of variation and
phylogenetic relationships. Out of 30 fragments amplified with 15
primers used among the 10 sugarcane somaclones and a parent plant,
only 3 bands were polymorphic while rest of the 27 bands were
monomorphic. Therefore, it may be concluded from the present
results that SSR markers can be used for the identification of
somaclonal variation and the relationship between parents and
somaclones.
I'm trying to build bridges between mathematics and practical
subjects like information technology and engineering. A Petri nets
(PNs) are a graphical and mathematical tool that are used for
describing and studying information processing systems that are
characterized as being concurrent, asynchronous, distributed,
parallel, non-deterministic and/or stochastic. As a graphical tool,
Petri nets can be used as a visual-communication aid similar to
flow charts, block diagrams and networks. Tokens are used in these
nets to simulate the dynamic and concurrent states of systems. As a
mathematical tool, it is possible to set up state equations,
algebraic equations and other mathematical models governing the
behavior of systems. Since Petri nets are a formal methods'
designing and modeling technique, so they are used to model complex
systems as mathematical entities. By building a mathematically
rigorous model of a complex system, it is possible to verify the
system's properties in a more thorough fashion than empirical
testing.
Future antenna architectures especially for space applications are
becoming more and more complex due to the need of Electronic
Reconfigurability. This reconfigurability is needed in terms of
Radiation Pattern, Bandwidth, Reliability, and Power Consumption.
In this context, Electronically Tunable Reflectarrays and Frequency
Selective Surfaces (FSSs) are particularly the hottest domains of
RF design. The accurate analysis of electromagnetic(EM) scattering
from such reconfigurable antenna structures is of great practical
interest these days. However due to their large electrical size and
complex cellular patterns specially when tuning elements such as
RF-MEMS switches are also integrated within the array elements,
conventional full-wave EM Modeling of such multiscale structures
either fail or require enormous amount of computational resources
to resolve prohibitively large number of unknowns. A novel and
efficient modular numerical technique called Scale Changing
Technique (SCT) addresses all these problems. The focus of this
book is on EM modeling of passive and active (electronically
steerable by RF-MEMS Switches )microstrip reflectarray using this
Technique.
Study on correlation and path coefficient analysis for cane yield
and yield related traits in ten accession of sugarcane (Saccharum
officinarum L.) was conducted Analysis of variance indicated highly
significant differences among the accessions for all the traits.
The study of path analysis for yield related traits depicted that
plant height, cane thickness, leaf area, internodal distance and
brix value had the direct negative effects on yield. Study carried
out to investigate the response of different sugarcane varieties to
Callogenesis in order to analyze variation for sugarcane mosaic
virus resistance. Total 26 parent plants and 64 somaclones of
HSF-240 were selected for screening of virus through Das ELISA
test. Four parent plants out of 26 showed negative and Ten
somaclones showed positive reaction to the disease and were
declared as susceptible.Somaclones produced were also analyzed by
microsattelite molecular markers in order to analyze the vriation
between parents and somaclones produced at molecular level.It may
be concluded from the results that SSRs can be used for
identification of somaclonal variation and the relationship between
parents and somaclones.
A 5 x 5 diallel cross experiment was conducted involving the
verities i.e. AC-134, MS-39, 124-F, CIM-473, and LA-85-52-2 to
evaluate the type of gene action involved in the inheritance of
various morphological and yield contributing traits in upland
cotton. The analysis of variance revealed that differences between
genotypes for all the traits were highly significant. The results
of joint regression analysis revealed that the data for all the
traits were fit for simpole additive dominance model.The genotype
AC-134 carried maximum dominant genes for plant height, number of
sympodial branches and ginning out turn. The genotype 124-F
possessed maximum number of dominant genes for number of monopodial
branches.The genotype CIM- 473 was found to be the best general
combiner for number of bolls per plant, boll weight while the
genotype MS-39 seemed to be the best general combiner for plant
height. From the above results it was suggested that the plant
traits could be improved by simple selection procedure because they
are controlled by additive type of gene action as far their
phenotypic expression is concerned.
This book describes the Insecticidal activity of essential oils
extracted from different citrus varieties, sweet orange, kinnow,
bitter orange and grape fruit, at three different concentrations
(3%, 6%,12%) was evaluated in the Grain Research Training and
Storage Management Laboratory at Department of Entomology,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan.The Objective of the
study was to evalute the insecticidal activity of citrus oils
against percent mortality and population buildup of Lesser Grain
Borer.The conclusions were withdrawn from the obtained results,
maximum mortality was recorded at high concentration.Maximum
population build up was recorded in controlled treatment(36.67%),
while in treated sample(5.883%). The percent mortality increases
with the increased in concentration and the concentration of oils
have significant effect on the mortality of Lesser Grain Borer.
Population buildup value was found maximum in control treatment
than treated but increased in concentration population buildup
value was decreased. The results also show that Multan strain are
highly susceptible than Vehari strain of Lesser Grain Borer.
Grasses belong to one of the most fascinating families of flowering
plants and have a wide range of diversity and play significant role
in the lives of human beings and animals. The value of grasses to
mankind has been recognized since the dawn of human civilization,
and culture of cereal grasses dates back to period when man was
emerging from wild beast stage. Grasses inhabit the earth in
greater abundance than any other comparable group of plants, some
are present in warm, humid and tropical climates, while others have
adopted the polar regions, where the growing season is two months
or less and direct sunlight is absent for many months of the year.
Grasses are used as food for human and forage for domesticated
animals. A high proportion of the world's most fertile and
productive soil is developed under the vegetation cover of grasses.
Roots, stolen, rhizomes and littler form the annual replacement of
leafy culms, not only are soil builders but also are effective soil
stabilizers. Wild life is also dependent upon grass and grassland
habitats for food, shelter and normal completion of their life
cycle.
Fractional Order Systems: An Overview of Mathematics, Design, and
Applications for Engineers introduces applications from a design
perspective, helping readers plan and design their own
applications. The book includes the different techniques employed
to design fractional-order systems/devices comprehensively and
straightforwardly. Furthermore, mathematics is available in the
literature on how to solve fractional-order calculus for system
applications. This book introduces the mathematics that has been
employed explicitly for fractional-order systems. It will prove an
excellent material for students and scholars who want to quickly
understand the field of fractional-order systems and contribute to
its different domains and applications. Fractional-order systems
are believed to play an essential role in our day-to-day
activities. Therefore, several researchers around the globe
endeavor to work in the different domains of fractional-order
systems. The efforts include developing the mathematics to solve
fractional-order calculus/systems and to achieve the feasible
designs for various applications of fractional-order systems.
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