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The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in ultra-cold vapours
of alkali atoms has given enormous impulse to the study of dilute
atomic gases in condensed quantum states inside magnetic traps and
optical lattices. High purity and easy optical access make them
ideal candidates to investigate fundamental issues on interacting
quantum systems. This review presents some theoretical issues which
have been addressed in this area and the numerical techniques which
have been developed and used to describe them, from mean-field
models to classical and quantum simulations for equilibrium and
dynamical properties. The attention given in this article to
methods beyond standard mean-field approaches should make it a
useful reference point for future advances in these areas.
This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter
series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the
broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids
with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft
glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing
matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics,
chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a
multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the
macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of
its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic
interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles
can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a
solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents
are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes
complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further
complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos
at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume
presents several research topics that address these phenomena
encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales
descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the
fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST
Action MP1305 "Flowing Matter".
This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter
series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the
broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids
with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft
glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing
matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics,
chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a
multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the
macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of
its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic
interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles
can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a
solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents
are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes
complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further
complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos
at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume
presents several research topics that address these phenomena
encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales
descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the
fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST
Action MP1305 "Flowing Matter".
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