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The World interweaves two stories-of our interactions with nature
and with each other. The environment-centered story is about humans
distancing themselves from the rest of nature and searching for a
relationship that strikes a balance between constructive and
destructive exploitation. The culture-centered story is of how
human cultures have become mutually influential and yet mutually
differentiating. Both stories have been going on for thousands of
years. We do not know whether they will end in triumph or disaster.
There is no prospect of covering all of world history in one book.
Rather, the fabric of this book is woven from selected strands.
Readers will see these at every turn, twisted together into yarn,
stretched into stories. Human-focused historical ecology-the
environmental theme-will drive readers back, again and again, to
the same concepts: sustenance, shelter, disease, energy,
technology, art. (The last is a vital category for historians, not
only because it is part of our interface with the rest of the
world, but also because it forms a record of how we see reality and
of how the way we see it changes.) In the global story of human
interactions-the cultural theme-we return constantly to the ways
people make contact with each another: migration, trade, war,
imperialism, pilgrimage, gift exchange, diplomacy, travel-and to
their social frameworks: the economic and political arenas, the
human groups and groupings, the states and civilizations, the sexes
and generations, the classes and clusters of identity.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
"Sixteenth-century Spain was small, poor, disunited and sparsely
populated. Yet the Spaniards and their allies built the largest
empire the world had ever seen. How did they achieve this? Felipe
Fernández-Armesto and Manuel Lucena Giraldo argue that Spain’s
engineers were critical to this venture. The Spanish invested in
infrastructure to the advantage of local power brokers, enhancing
the abilities of incumbent elites to grow wealthy on trade, and
widening the arc of Spanish influence. Bringing to life stories of
engineers, prospectors, soldiers and priests, the authors paint a
vivid portrait of Spanish America in the age of conquest. This is a
dazzling new history of the Spanish Empire, and a new understanding
of empire itself, as a venture marked as much by collaboration as
oppression."
More than 60 authentic and modern recipes for tacos, the beating
heart of Mexican street food! From simple supermarket kits to
high-end restaurant revamps, a whole spectrum of taco offerings now
exists for your pleasure. These small but mighty Mexican staples
are finally getting the credit they deserve on the worldwide
culinary stage. Their spiritual home is the street food scene and
if you think tacos are unhealthy food, think again! Tacos are much
more than ground beef and grated cheese in a crispy shell; they are
good food that is good for you. The modern taco trend has taken the
world by a storm, and the popularity of these tortilla-wrapped
treats is spreading with taco restaurants now established all over
the globe. Tacos hail from Mexico and traditional recipes generally
involve long-simmered meat or poultry, topped with crispy
vegetables, wrapped or sealed in a soft flour or corn tortilla, and
served with a dollop of spicy salsa. It is street food par
excellence and as the trend has grown, so have the options for
filings. This book offers a collection of recipes for taco
fillings, with some traditional recipes along with a good selection
of contemporary twists to get you hooked on the taco-making craze.
Recipes include Lime-marinated Rib Eye Tacos with Red Onion Relish,
Chipotle Chicken and Ancho-roasted Butternut Squash, Seafood with
Mango-kiwi Salsa and Charred Corn and Vegetables with Chipotle-lime
Mayo. There is also a chapter on versatile sides and salsas
as a taco is often only as good as the extras you add to it –
check out Pico de Gallo, Guacamole, Tomatillo Salsa and Baja Slaw.
This superb text defines and describes modern industrial policy.
For many years economists, politicians, and policymakers have
worried over inward-looking and damaging industrial policies,
associating them with poor economic performance and arrested
industrial development. At last we have a book which identifies and
analyses new forms of modern industrial policy which work
effectively and are able to overcome the problems of the past. The
book is replete with concrete examples and new conceptual
developments, showing how modern industrial policy is able to
initiate, upgrade, and transform economic activity for the benefit
of all. The evidence is used to provide a new theory of industrial
policy, distinguishing modern industrial policy from the practices
of the past - leaving no room for doubt as to how policymakers
should proceed in the twenty-first century. Essential reading for
policymakers, analysts, scholars, teachers, and consultants
concerned with industrial policy and modern economic development.'
- Mike Hobday, University of Brighton, UK'Jesus Felipe is to be
congratulated for assembling a first-rate group of authors to
address one of the most important policy issues of our time. Their
main contention is that, to succeed, latecomer developing countries
need a 'modern industrial policy'. Aware of the pitfalls, they
provide empirical evidence in support of their arguments. The
country studies are particularly interesting. A stimulating volume
that deserves to be read, including by the skeptics.' - Hal Hill,
Australian National University Development and Modern Industrial
Policy in Practice provides an up-to-date analysis of industrial
policy. Modern industrial policy refers to the set of actions and
strategies used to favor the more dynamic sectors of the economy. A
key aspect of modern industrial policy is embedding private
initiative in a framework of public action to encourage
diversification, upgrading, and technological dynamism to achieve
development in the twenty-first century. The book reviews key
questions that policymakers ask about industrial policy, such as:
who selects sectors; what is the rationale for sector selection;
what are the main tools to promote sectors?, what is the role of
human capital; and what are the mechanisms for monitoring and
evaluation? Expert contributors discuss how to undertake industrial
policy effectively and examine the experiences of Australia, the
EU, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and the US. Policymakers,
multilateral development institutions, and scholars will find the
discussions on industrial policy, structural transformation,
economic diversification and upgrading, and capabilities to be
useful and practical. Contributors: F. Block, J.-M. Chang, K.
Farla, J. Felipe, F. Guadagno, C.A. Hidalgo, M.R. Keller, M.H.
Khan, K. Lee, J.Y. Lin, C. Long, W.F. Mitchell, C. Rhee, T. Siew
Yean, B. Verspagen, Y. Wang, X. Zhang
From the cabinets of wonder of the Renaissance to the souvenir
collections of today, selecting, accumulating, and organizing
objects are practices that are central to our notions of who we are
and what we value. Collecting, both private and institutional, has
been instrumental in the consolidation of modern notions of the
individual and of the nation, and numerous studies have discussed
its complex political, social, economic, anthropological, and
psychological implications. However, studies of collecting as
practiced in colonized cultures are few, since the role of these
cultures has usually been understood as that of purveyors of
objects for the metropolitan collector. Collecting from the
Margins: Material Culture in a Latin American Context seeks to
counter the historical understanding of collecting that posits the
metropolis as collecting subject and the colonial or postcolonial
society as supplier of collectible objects by asking instead how
collecting has been practiced and understood in Latin America. Has
collecting been viewed or portrayed differently in a Latin American
context? Does the act of collecting, when viewed from a Latin
American perspective, unsettle the way we have become accustomed to
think about it? What differences, if any, arise in the activity of
collecting in colonized or previously colonial societies? Spanning
the period after the independence wars until the 1980s, this
collection of ten essays addresses a broad range of examples of
collecting practices in Latin America. Collecting during the
nineteenth century is addressed in discussions of the creation of
the first national museums of Argentina and Colombia in the
post-independence period, as well as in analyses of the private
collections of modernistas such as Enrique Gomez Carrillo, Ruben
Dario, Jose Asuncion Silva, and Delmira Agustini at the end of the
nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. The practice
of collecting in the twentieth century is discussed in analyses of
the self-described revolutionary practices of Oswald de Andrade,
Augusto de Campos and the films of Ruy Guerra, as well as the
polemical collections of Pablo Neruda, and the unsettling
collections portrayed in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years
of Solitude.
Discover critical considerations and best practices for improving
database performance based on what has worked, and
failed, across thousands of teams and use cases in the field.
This open access book provides practical guidance for
understanding the database-related opportunities, trade-offs,
and traps you might encounter while trying to optimize
data-intensive applications for high throughput and low latency.
Whether you are building a new system from the ground up or trying
to optimize an existing use case for increased demand, this
book covers the essentials. The book begins with a look at the many
factors impacting database performance at the extreme scale that
today’s game changing applications face—or at least hope to
achieve. You’ll gain insight into the performance impact of both
technical and business requirements, and how those should influence
your decisions around database infrastructure and
topology. The authors share an inside perspective on
often-overlooked engineering details that could be
constraining—or helping—your team’s database performance. The
book also covers benchmarking and monitoring practices by which to
measure and validate the outcomes from the decisions that you make.
The ultimate goal of the book is to help you discover new ways to
optimize database performance for your team’s specific use cases,
requirements, and expectations. What You Will Learn Understand
often overlooked factors that impact database performance at scale
Recognize data-related performance and scalability challenges
associated with your project Select a database architecture
that’s suited to your workloads, use cases, and requirements
Avoid common mistakes that could impede your long-term agility and
growth Jumpstart teamwide adoption of best practices for optimizing
database performance at scale Who This Book Is For Individuals and
teams looking to optimize distributed database performance for an
existing project or to begin a new performance-sensitive project
with a solid and scalable foundation. This will likely include
software architects, database architects, and senior software
engineers who are either experiencing or anticipating pain
related to database latency and/or throughput.
This English translation of De Quilmes a Hyde Park: Las fronteras
culturales en la vida y la obra de W. H. Hudson, which won the 2001
Annual Prize in Literature of Uruguay, analyzes how the richness of
Hudson's work is linked to the overlapping of several cultures in
his life. His work and life developed in the opposition of
Romanticism to Enlightenment, wavering between literature and
science. Combining biographical details with analysis of his
philosophy and works, the study follows Hudson's life from his
childhood on a cattle farm in Argentina to his emigration to
England in 1870, including the years he fought on the frontier
between whites and indigenous populations and the years he spent
traveling abroad. The study concludes with a bibliography of
Hudson's books, poems, posthumously published works, and
translations into Spanish, as well as critical studies of Hudson.
Ever since the 2007-8 global financial crisis and its aftermath,
Hyman Minsky's theory has never been more relevant. Throughout his
career, Jan Kregel has called attention to Minsky's contributions
to understanding the evolution of financial systems, the
development of financial fragility and instability, and designing
the financial structure necessary to support the capital
development of the economy. Building on Minsky, Kregel developed a
framework to analyze how different financial structures develop
financial fragility over time. Rather than characterizing financial
systems as market-based or bank-based, Kregel argued that it is
necessary to distinguish between the risks that are carried on the
balance sheets of banks and other financial institutions. This
volume, brought together by Felipe C. Rezende, highlights these
major contributions from Kregel through a collection of his
influential papers from various journals and conferences. Kregel's
approach provides a strong theoretical background to understand the
making and unfolding of the crisis and helps us to draw policy
implications to improve financial stability, and suggest an
alternative financial structure for a market economy. In this book,
his knowledge is consolidated and the ideas he puts forward offer a
path for future developments in economics which will be of great
interest to those studying and researching in the fields of
economics and finance.
This unique volume describes advances in the field of
mechanochemistry, in particular the scaling up of mechanochemical
processes. Scalable techniques employed to carry out solvent-free
synthesis are evaluated. Comparability to continuous flow
chemistry, the current industrial benchmark for continuous
efficient chemical synthesis, is presented.The book concludes that
mechanochemical synthesis can be scaled up into a continuous,
sustainable process. It demonstrates that large-scale
mechanochemistry can meet industrial demands, especially in the
pharmaceutical industry. The case studies conducted on MOF
Technologies and Deasyl demonstrate how mechanochemistry is
employed on a pilot plant scale. Features Mechanochemistry is
rapidly developing as a multidisciplinary science on the borderline
between chemistry, materials science and environmental science This
unique text focuses on mechanochemistry with the ability to scale
up and illustrates how mechanochemical synthesis is no longer an
obstacle This timely book highlights recent advancements describing
what can be achieved in chemical synthesis Mechanochemistry enables
the synthesis of multiple polymorphic crystalline forms in the
production of drugs in the form of tablets or granules in capsules
Introduces evolution of nanoparticles in the electrochemical energy
storage devices Provides step-by-step synthesis of nanoparticles
Discusses different characterization methods (Structural,
Electrical, Optical, and Thermal) Includes use of nanoparticles in
various electrochemical devices Aims to bridge the gap between the
material synthesis and the real application including Q&A in
each chapter
FINANCIAL TIMES BEST HISTORY BOOKS OF 2022 For centuries, Ferdinand
Magellan has been celebrated as a hero: a noble adventurer who
circumnavigated the globe in an extraordinary feat of human
bravery; a paragon of daring and chivalry. Now historian Felipe
Fernandez-Armesto draws on extensive and meticulous research to
conduct a dazzling investigation into Magellan's life, his
character and his ill-fated voyage. He reveals that Magellan did
not attempt - much less accomplish - a journey around the globe,
and that in his own lifetime, the explorer was abhorred as a
traitor, reviled as a tyrant and dismissed as a failure.
Fernandez-Armesto probes the passions and tensions that drove
Magellan to adventure and drew him to disaster: the pride that
became arrogance, audacity that became recklessness, determination
that became ruthlessness, romanticism that became irresponsibility,
and superficial piety that became, in adversity, irrational
exaltation. And as the real Magellan emerges, so too do his true
ambitions, focused less on circumnavigating the world or cornering
the global spice market than on exploiting Filipino gold. Offering
up a stranger, darker and even more compelling narrative than the
fictional version that has been glorified for half a millennium,
Straits untangles the myths that made Magellan a hero.
2021 Finalist Raul Yzaguirre Best Political/Current Affairs Book,
International Latino Book Awards Winner of the Texas Association of
Chicanos in Higher Education Inaugural Book Award Unraveling the
intertwined histories of Latino radicalism and religion in urban
America, this book examines how Latino activists transformed
churches into staging grounds for protest against urban renewal and
displacement. In the late 1960s, the American city found itself in
steep decline. An urban crisis fueled by federal policy wreaked
destruction and displacement on poor and working-class families.
The urban drama included religious institutions, themselves
undergoing fundamental change, that debated whether to stay in the
city or move to the suburbs. Against the backdrop of the Black and
Brown Power movements, which challenged economic inequality and
white supremacy, young Latino radicals began occupying churches and
disrupting services to compel church communities to join their
protests against urban renewal, poverty, police brutality, and
racism. Apostles of Change tells the story of these occupations and
establishes their context within the urban crisis; relates the
tensions they created; and articulates the activists' bold, new
vision for the church and the world. Through case studies from
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, and Houston, Felipe Hinojosa
reveals how Latino freedom movements frequently crossed boundaries
between faith and politics and argues that understanding the
history of these radical politics is essential to understanding the
dynamic changes in Latino religious groups from the late 1960s to
the early 1980s.
'This is an extremely important and long-awaited book. The authors
provide a cogent guide to all that is wrong with the theory and
empirical applications of the discredited notion of an aggregate
production function. Their critique has devastating implications
for orthodox macroeconomics.' - Anwar Shaikh, New School for Social
Research, US 'This is a very important book. Proofs that aggregate
production functions do not exist have been around for more than 50
years. This casts doubt not only on macroeconomic theory but also
on empirical work and policy. Yet, this has not deterred
macro-economists. The authors show in great detail that the
apparent 'fit' of such functions to value-based data is a tautology
and not a proof that such aggregates exist. One hopes that the
profession will finally take note.' - Franklin M. Fisher,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US 'Felipe and McCombie have
gathered all of the compelling arguments denying the existence of
aggregate production functions and showing that econometric
estimates based on these fail to measure what they purport to
quantify: they are artefacts. Their critique, which ought to be
read by any economist doing empirical work, is destructive of
nearly all that is important to mainstream economics: NAIRU and
potential output measures, measures of wage elasticities, of output
elasticities and of total factor productivity growth.' - Marc
Lavoie, University of Ottawa, Canada This authoritative and
stimulating book represents a fundamental critique of the aggregate
production function, a concept widely used in macroeconomics. The
authors explain why, despite the serious aggregation problems that
surround it, aggregate production functions often give plausible
statistical results. This is due to the use of constant-price value
data, rather than the theoretically correct physical data, together
with an underlying accounting identity that relates the data
definitionally. It is in this sense that the aggregate production
function is 'not even wrong': it is not a behavioral relationship
capable of being statistically refuted. The book examines the
history of the production function and shows how certain seminal
works on neoclassical growth theory, labor demand functions and
estimates of the mark-up, among others, suffer from this
fundamental problem. The book represents a fundamental critique of
the aggregate production function and will be of interest to all
macroeconomists. Contents: Prologue: 'Not Even Wrong' Introduction
1. Some Problems with the Aggregate Production Function 2. The
Aggregate Production Function: Behavioural Relationship or
Accounting Identity? 3. Simulation Studies, the Aggregate
Production Function and the Accounting Identity 4. 'Are There Laws
of Production?' The Work of Cobb and Douglas and its Early
Reception 5. Solow's Technical Change and the Aggregate Production
Function', and the Accounting Identity 6. What does Total Factor
Productivity Actually Measure? Further Observations on the Solow
Model 7. Why Are Some Countries Richer than Others? A Sceptical
View of Mankiw-Romer-Weil's Test of the Neoclassical Growth Model
8. Some Problems with the Neoclassical Dual-Sector Growth Model 9.
Is Capital Special? The Role of the Growth of Capital and its
Externality Effect in Economic Growth 10. Problems Posed by the
Accounting Identity for the Estimation of the Degree of Market
Power and the Mark-up 11. Are Estimates of Labour Demand Functions
Mere Statistical Artefacts? 12. Why Have the Criticisms of the
Aggregate Production Function Generally Been Ignored? On Further
Misunderstandings and Misinterpretations of the Implications of the
Accounting Identity References Index
This book examines how the COVID-19 pandemic and racial inequities
affect the educational assessment of students, either separately or
in combination, as the health crisis was viewed as a factor
intersecting with and exacerbating existing racial inequities in
educational systems. The four empirical papers in this book attend
to the challenges of implementing virtual standardized testing
during the coronavirus pandemic, the different educational and
assessment experiences of diverse groups of school-age students,
and the reconsideration of traditional assessment approaches in
response to mounting research evidence and growing concerns around
enduring social and racial inequities faced by Black, Latinx,
Asian, Indigenous, and other non-white citizens and communities.
The four conceptual papers focus primarily on the ways in which
assessment may contribute to systemic racism and offer potential
solutions to move the educational assessment field forward. In
totality, the volume offers needed empirical evidence, innovative
methodological approaches, and theoretical and substantive
examinations of the effects of the twin pandemics. Twin Pandemics
will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced
students of Educational Assessment, Education, Psychometrics,
Educational Research, Ethnic Studies, Research Methods, Sociology
of Education and Psychology. The chapters included in this book
were originally published as a special issue of Educational
Assessment.
The Routledge Handbook of Latin America and the Environment
provides an in-depth and accessible analysis and theorization of
environmental issues in the region. It will help readers make
connections between Latin American and other regions' perspectives,
experiences, and environmental concerns. Latin America has seen an
acceleration of environmental degradation due to the expansion of
resource extraction and urban areas. This Handbook addresses Latin
America not only as object of study, but also as a region with a
long and profound history of critical thinking on these themes.
Furthermore, the Handbook departs from the environment as a social
issue inextricably linked to politics, economy and culture. It will
be an invaluable resource for those wanting not only to understand
the issues, but also to engage with ideas about environmental
politics and social-ecological transformation. The handbook covers
a broad range organized in three areas: physical geography, ecology
and crucial environmental problems of the region, key theoretical
and methodological issues used to understand Latin America's
ecosocial contexts, and institutional and grassroots practices
related to more just and sustainable worlds. The Handbook will set
a research agenda for the near future and provide comprehensive
research on most subregions relative to environmental
transformations, challenges, struggles and political processes. It
stands as a fresh and much needed state of the art introduction for
researchers, scholars, post-graduates and academic audiences on
Latin American contributions to theorization, empirical research
and environmental practices.
"Adult ESL/Literacy from the Community to the Community: A
Guidebook for Participatory Literacy Training" tells the story of a
university-community collaboration to develop, implement, and
evaluate a project designed to train immigrants and refugees as
adult ESL and native literacy instructors in their own communities.
Beyond the story of this one project, the book is also a clear and
powerful explication of the underlying principles and premises of
the program model it describes: community leadership development, a
participatory approach to literacy instruction and instructor
training, native language adult literacy instruction, and
collaboration.
Finally - a guide to cytological techniques written specifically
for the plant chromosome researcher and student. Plant Chromosomes:
Laboratory Methods thoroughly covers all important approaches to
the study of plant chromosomes. It reviews each specific approach
and describes requisite experimental techniques. These practical
descriptions cover basic, standard techniques as well as the most
recent research advances and state-of-the-art technologies.
Plant Chromosomes: Laboratory Methods allows you to build on the
knowledge of its expert authors, who have first-hand experience
with the ins and outs of each approach. Through hundreds of
trouble-shooting suggestions it also helps you avoid experimental
pitfalls by providing invaluable tips at critical points in the
experimental process. This book gives you the information you need
to improve the power of your plant chromosome research - saving you
time and effort in the process. No other single volume contains so
much practical information on this topic.
This book explores food provisioning in Colombia by examining the
role and impact of the agrarian negotiations which took place in
the aftermath of the 2013-2014 national strikes. Most of the
research in the field of agrarian studies in Colombia has focused
on inequalities in land distribution, the impacts of violent
conflict, and most recently, the first phase of the peace agreement
implementation. This book links and complements these literatures
by critically engaging with an original framework that uncovers the
conflicts and politics of food provisioning: who produces what and
where, and with what socio-economic effects. This analytical lens
is used to explain the re-emergence of national agrarian movements,
their contestation of the dominant development narratives and their
engagement in discussions about food sovereignty with the state.
The analysis incorporates a wide range of voices from high-level
government representatives and leaders from national agrarian
movements. Their narratives of food provisioning and the broader
role of the food industry are reviewed and the key findings show an
underlying conflict within food provisioning based on the struggle
of marginalised smallholders to develop alternative agri-food
systems that can be included in the local and domestic food markets
in the context of a state dominated by an export and import
approach. Overall, the book argues that the battle ground of
agrarian conflicts has moved to the fi eld of food provisioning and
using this approach has the potential to reframe the debate about
the future of food and agriculture in Colombia and beyond. This
book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and
agriculture, rural development, peasant studies, and Latin American
Studies.
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