In China, lots of excellent maths students takes an active part in various maths contests and the best six senior high school students will be selected to form the IMO National Team to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the past ten years, China's IMO Team has achieved outstanding results - they have won the first place almost every year.The author is one of the senior coaches of China's IMO National Team, he is the headmaster of Shanghai senior high school which is one of the best high schools of China. In the past decade, the students of this school have won the IMO gold medals almost every year.The author attempts to use some common characteristics of sequence and mathematical induction to fundamentally connect Math Olympiad problems to particular branches of mathematics. In doing so, the author hopes to reveal the beauty and joy involved with math exploration and at the same time, attempts to arouse readers' interest of learning math and invigorate their courage to challenge themselves with difficult problems.

The International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS) is an annualinternationalconference that bringstogether researchers, engineers, developers and practitioners from both academia and industry to share expe- ence and exchange and cross-fertilize ideas on all areas of computational - telligence and information security. The conference serves as a forum for the dissemination of state-of-the-art research and the development, and implem- tationsof systems, technologiesandapplicationsinthese two broad, interrelated ?elds. This year CIS 2005 was co-organized by the IEEE (Hong Kong) Com- tational Intelligence Chapter and Xidian University, and co-sponsored by Hong Kong Baptist University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Key Laboratory of Computer Networks and Information Security of the Ministry of EducationofChina, andGuangdongUniversityofTechnology. CIS2005received in total 1802 submissions from 41 countries and regions all over the world. All of them were strictly peer reviewed by the Program Committee and experts in the ?eld. Finally, 337 high-quality papers were accepted yielding an acc- tance rate of 18. 7%. Among them, 84 papers are the extended papers and 253 are the regular papers. The conference was greatly enriched by a wide range of topics covering all areas of computational intelligence and information security. Furthermore, tutorials and workshops were held for discussions of the proposed ideas. Such practice is extremely important for the e?ective development of the two ?elds and computer science in general. Wewouldliketothanktheorganizers: theIEEE(HongKong)Computational Intelligence Chapter and Xidian University for their great contributions and - forts in this big e

In China, lots of excellent maths students takes an active part in various maths contests and the best six senior high school students will be selected to form the IMO National Team to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the past ten years, China's IMO Team has achieved outstanding results - they have won the first place almost every year.The author is one of the senior coaches of China's IMO National Team, he is the headmaster of Shanghai senior high school which is one of the best high schools of China. In the past decade, the students of this school have won the IMO gold medals almost every year.The author attempts to use some common characteristics of sequence and mathematical induction to fundamentally connect Math Olympiad problems to particular branches of mathematics. In doing so, the author hopes to reveal the beauty and joy involved with math exploration and at the same time, attempts to arouse readers' interest of learning math and invigorate their courage to challenge themselves with difficult problems.

Silicon (Si) plays a significant role in the resistance of plants to multiple stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon is also the only element that does not damage plants when accumulated in excess. However, the contribution of Si to plant growth has been largely ignored due to its universal existence in the earth's crust. From numerous intensive studies on Si, initiated in Japan about 80 years ago, Japanese scientists realized that Si was important for the healthy growth of rice and for stability of rice production. In a worldwide first, silicon was recognized as a valuable fertilizer in Japan. The beneficial effects of Si on rice growth in particular, are largely attributable to the characteristics of a silica gel that is accumulated on the epidermal tissues in rice. These effects are expressed most clearly under high-density cultivation systems with heavy applications of nitrogen. Si is therefore recognized now as an ''agronomically essential element'' in Japan.

Recently, Si has become globally important because it generates resistance in many plants to diseases and pests, and may contribute to reduced rates of application of pesticides and fungicides. Silicon is also now considered as an environment-friendly element. The achievements of Si research in Japan are introduced in this book, in relation to soils, fertilizers and plant nutrition.