Steroid Receptors: Methods and Protocols presents a selection of techniques that have been recently applied to the analysis of steroid receptors, powerful tools for the advancement of our understanding of both the mechanisms regulating gene transcription and the rapid signaling responses of tissues to signals. Research in this area has generated a wealth of data allowing the elucidation of steroid receptor mechanisms and improving the treatment of many endocrine disorders, above all cancers. Chapters cover methods to analyze gene transcription, chromatin and proteomic modifications, extra-nuclear signaling regulation, development of cell and animal models, and preparation of new antibodies. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Steroid Receptors: Methods and Protocols offers an updated view on a variety of modern methods that will hopefully contribute to improving our knowledge on the integration of steroid receptors in single or different functionally connected cellular contexts under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, above all tumors.

"Steroid Receptors: Methods and Protocols" presents a selection of techniques that have been recently applied to the analysis of steroid receptors, powerful tools for the advancement of our understanding of both the mechanisms regulating gene transcription and the rapid signaling responses of tissues to signals. Research in this area has generated a wealth of data allowing the elucidation of steroid receptor mechanisms and improving the treatment of many endocrine disorders, above all cancers. Chapters cover methods to analyze gene transcription, chromatin and proteomic modifications, extra-nuclear signaling regulation, development of cell and animal models, and preparation of new antibodies. Written in the successful "Methods in Molecular Biology" series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Authoritative and easily accessible, "Steroid Receptors: Methods and Protocols" offers an updated view on a variety of modern methods that will hopefully contribute to improving our knowledge on the integration of steroid receptors in single or different functionally connected cellular contexts under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, above all tumors.

Shape Memory Alloy Engineering: For Aerospace, Structural and Biomedical Applications, Second Edition embraces new advancements in materials, systems and applications introduced since the first edition. Readers will gain an understanding of the intrinsic properties of SMAs and their characteristic state diagrams. Sections address modeling and design process aspects, explore recent applications, and discuss research activities aimed at making new devices for innovative implementations. The book discusses both the potential of these fascinating materials, their limitations in everyday life, and tactics on how to overcome some limitations in order to achieve proper design of useful SMA mechanisms.

The interest in the mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is rapidly growing with the increasing number of potential industrial applications. In most applications, SMAs experience general non-proportional thermo-mechanical loadings. Thus, according to experimental observations, the so-called variant reorientation should be considered in the constitutive model development. In this monograph, the SMA behavior under multiaxial loadings at small and finite deformations is investigated. It is shown that most available SMA models are basically the same under proportional loadings while they yield different results under non-proportional loading conditions. Based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic, several finite deformation SMA constitutive models are proposed. A model which utilizes interesting properties of the logarithmic strain is also introduced. A part of this monograph is devoted to numerical implementation of the proposed constitutive models. Several SMA-based applications, i.e., an SMA spring, a Nitinol stent and a smart micro-gripper are simulated.