This ground-breaking book analyses the severe monetary policy challenges facing Latin American countries. Contributors reflect on how these issues should be addressed by policy-makers, identifying the need for a synergic response from regional central banks. Arguing that the challenges currently faced by regional central banks are intrinsically related, this book examines the risks generated by an international climate of uncertainty. It explores how to address inflationary pressures, output contraction, external vulnerabilities, tightness in advanced central banks’ monetary policies, nominal dollar appreciation, and falling commodity prices. Chapters focus on key elements of monetary policy, including transmission channels, exchange rates, international reserves, sustainable finance, and income inequality, to give an alternative view on the position of regional central banks in the global financial system. Monetary Policy Challenges in Latin America will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of monetary policy, development economics, banking, and political economy. It will also be essential reading for policy-makers seeking new perspectives on monetary policy.