Although there are many books on the finite element method (FEM) on the market, very few present its basic formulation in a simple, unified manner. Furthermore, many of the available texts address either only structure-related problems or only fluid or heat-flow problems, and those that explore both do so at an advanced level.

Introductory Finite Element Method examines both structural analysis and flow (heat and fluid) applications in a presentation specifically designed for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students, both within and outside of the engineering disciplines. It includes a chapter on variational calculus, clearly presented to show how the functionals for structural analysis and flow problems are formulated. The authors provide both one- and two-dimensional finite element codes and a wide range of examples and exercises. The exercises include some simpler ones to solve by hand calculation-this allows readers to understand the theory and assimilate the details of the steps in formulating computer implementations of the method.

Anyone interested in learning to solve boundary value problems numerically deserves a straightforward and practical introduction to the powerful FEM. Its clear, simplified presentation and attention to both flow and structural problems make Introductory Finite Element Method the ideal gateway to using the FEM in a variety of applications.

Expanded to include a broader range of problems than the bestselling first edition, Finite Element Method Using MATLAB: Second Edition presents finite element approximation concepts, formulation, and programming in a format that effectively streamlines the learning process. It is written from a general engineering and mathematical perspective rather than that of a solid/structural mechanics basis.

What's new in the Second Edition?

Each chapter in the Second Edition now includes an overview that outlines the contents and purpose of each chapter. The author has also added a new chapter of special topics in applications, including cracks, semi-infinite and infinite domains, buckling, and thermal stress. He discusses three different linearization techniques to solve nonlinear differential equations. Also included are new sections on shell formulations and MATLAB programs. These enhancements increase the book's already significant value both as a self-study text and a reference for practicing engineers and scientists.

An air conditioning system consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential order to control and maintain an indoor environment. The goal is to provide a healthy and comfortable climate with acceptable air quality while being energy efficient and cost effective. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering covers all types of systems from institutional and commercial to residential. The book supplies the basics of design, from selecting the optimum system and equipment to preparing the drawings and specifications. It discusses the four phases of preparing a project: gathering information, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and selling the best solution. In addition, the author breaks down the responsibilities of the engineer, design documents, computer aided design, and government codes and standards. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering provides you with an easy reference to all aspects of the topic. This resource addresses the most current areas of interest, such as computer-aided design and drafting, desiccant air conditioning and energy conservation. It is a thorough and convenient guide to air conditioning and refrigeration engineering.

Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers gives mechanical engineers convenient access to the essential problem solving tools that they use each day. It covers applications employed in many different facets of mechanical engineering, from basic through advanced, to ensure that you will easily find answers you need in this handy guide.
For the engineer venturing out of familiar territory, the chapters cover fundamentals like physical constants, derivatives, integrals, Fourier transforms, Bessel functions, and Legendre functions. For the experts, it includes thorough sections on the more advanced topics of partial differential equations, approximation methods, and numerical methods, often used in applications. The guide reviews statistics for analyzing engineering data and making inferences, so professionals can extract useful information even with the presence of randomness and uncertainty. The convenient Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers is an indispensable summary of mathematics processes needed by engineers.

An air conditioning system consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential order to control and maintain an indoor environment. The goal is to provide a healthy and comfortable climate with acceptable air quality while being energy efficient and cost effective. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering covers all types of systems from institutional and commercial to residential.
The book supplies the basics of design, from selecting the optimum system and equipment to preparing the drawings and specifications. It discusses the four phases of preparing a project: gathering information, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and selling the best solution. In addition, the author breaks down the responsibilities of the engineer, design documents, computer aided design, and government codes and standards.
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering provides you with an easy reference to all aspects of the topic. This resource addresses the most current areas of interest, such as computer-aided design and drafting, desiccant air conditioning and energy conservation. It is a thorough and convenient guide to air conditioning and refrigeration engineering.

Energy is the mainstay of industrial societies, and without an adequate supply of energy the social, political and economic stability of nations is put into jeopardy. With supplies of inexpensive fossil fuels decreasing, and climate change factors becoming more threatening, the need to conserve energy and move steadily to more sustainable energy sources is more urgent than ever before. The updated Second Edition of this successful handbook includes chapters from leading experts on the economics and fiscal management of energy, with a focus on the tools available to advance efficiency and conservation measures. Updated coverage of renewable energy sources, energy storage technologies, energy audits for buildings and building systems, and demand-side management is provided. The appendix of the handbook provides extensive data resources for analysis and calculation.

to increase the use of direct contact processes, the National Science Foundation sup ported a workshop on direct contact heat transfer at the Solar Energy Research Insti tute in the summer of 1985. We served as organizers for this workshop, which em phasized an area of thermal engineering that, in our opinion, has great promise for the future, but has not yet reached the point of wide-spread commercial application. Hence, a summary of the state of knowledge at this point is timely. The workshop had a dual objective: 1. To summarize the current state of knowledge in such a form that industrial practi tioners can make use of the available information. 2. To indicate the research and development needed to advance the state-of-the-art, indicating not only what kind of research is needed, but also the industrial poten tial that could be realized if the information to be obtained through the proposed research activities were available.

For the Movers, Shakers, and Policy Makers in Energy Engineering and Related Industries The latest version of a bestselling reference, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition covers the foremost trends and technologies in energy engineering today. This new edition contains the latest material on energy planning and policy, with a focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources. It also examines nuclear energy and its place in future energy systems, includes a chapter on natural gas, and provides extensive coverage of energy storage for numerous forms of energy generation. The text also provides energy supply, demand, and pricing factor projections for the future. Explore the Future of Global Energy The authors address problems that industry now faces, including the limited availability of conventional energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and considers renewable energies such as wind power, solar energy, and biomass. They also illustrate the economics of energy efficiency, discuss the financial energy policies of various countries, consider the role of energy conservation in energy strategies, and examine the future of renewable energy technologies to build a sustainable energy system. This book is divided into five sections, providing a comprehensive look at renewable energy technologies and systems: Global Energy Systems, Policy, and Economics Energy Generation through 2025 Energy Infrastructure and Storage Renewable Technologies Biomass Energy Systems Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition focuses on the successful promotion of a sustainable energy supply for the future, and offers new and relevant information providing a clear reference to sustainable-development goals.

The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering, Second Edition, is a fully updated version of this respected reference work, with chapters written by leading experts. Its first part covers basic concepts, equations and principles of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics. Following that is detailed coverage of major application areas, such as bioengineering, energy-efficient building systems, traditional and renewable energy sources, food processing, and aerospace heat transfer topics. The latest numerical and computational tools, microscale and nanoscale engineering, and new complex-structured materials are also presented. Designed for easy reference, this new edition is a must-have volume for engineers and researchers around the globe.

This handbook surveys the range of methods and fuel types used in generating energy for industry, transportation, and heating and cooling of buildings. Solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, geothermal, ocean and fossil fuels are discussed and compared, and the thermodynamics of energy conversion is explained. Appendices are provided with fully updated data. Thoroughly revised, this second edition surveys the latest advances in energy conversion from a wide variety of currently available energy sources. It describes energy sources such as fossil fuels, biomass (including refuse-derived biomass fuels), nuclear, solar radiation, wind, geothermal, and ocean, then provides the terminology and units used for each energy resource and their equivalence. It includes an overview of the steam power cycles, gas turbines, internal combustion engines, hydraulic turbines, Stirling engines, advanced fossil fuel power systems, and combined-cycle power plants. It outlines the development, current use, and future of nuclear power.

Table of Contents

Preface ..............................................................................................................................................ix

Contributors.....................................................................................................................................xi

1. Global Energy Systems..........................................................................................................1

D. Yogi Goswami and Frank Kreith

Section I Energy Resources

2. Fossil Fuels..............................................................................................................................33

Robert Reuther, Richard Bajura, and Philip C. Crouse

3. Biomass Properties and Resources.................................................................................... 61

Mark M. Wright and Robert C. Brown

4. Municipal Solid Waste.........................................................................................................73

Shelly H. Schneider

5. Nuclear Resources................................................................................................................. 81

James S. Tulenko

6. Solar Energy Resources........................................................................................................85

D. Yogi Goswami

7. Wind Energy Resource....................................................................................................... 137

Dale E. Berg

8. Geothermal Energy............................................................................................................. 177

Joel L. Renner and Marshall J. Reed

Section II Energy Conversion

9. Steam Power Plant............................................................................................................... 191

John Kern

10. Gas Turbines.........................................................................................................................209

Richard H. Bunce

11. Internal Combustion Engines...........................................................................................223

David E. Klett, Elsayed M. Afify, Kalyan K. Srinivasan, and Timothy J. Jacobs

12. Hydraulic Turbines............................................................................................................. 257

Roger E.A. Arndt and Leonardo P. Chamorro

13. Advanced Fossil Fuel Power Systems.............................................................................. 281

Seyfettin C. (John) Gülen

14. Stirling Engines...................................................................................................................447

Frank Kreith

15. Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035...........................................................455

Kenneth D. Kok and Edwin A. Harvego

16. Nuclear Fusion..................................................................................................................... 491

François Waelbroeck

17. Energy Storage Technologies............................................................................................ 497

Jeffrey P. Chamberlain, Roel Hammerschlag, and Christopher P. Schaber

18. Solar Thermal Energy Conversion................................................................................... 525

T. Agami Reddy and Jeffrey H. Morehouse

19. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power...............................................................................655

Manuel Romero, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, and Eduardo Zarza

20. Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technology and Application....................................... 765

Roger Messenger, D. Yogi Goswami, Hari M. Upadhyaya, Senthilarasu Sundaram,

Aruna Ivaturi, Stephan Buecheler, and Ayodhya N. Tiwari

21. Wind Energy Conversion................................................................................................... 851

Dale E. Berg

22. Biomass Conversion Process for Energy Recovery....................................................... 897

Mark M. Wright and Robert C. Brown

23. Geothermal Power Generation......................................................................................... 931

Kevin Kitz

24. Waste-to-Energy Combustion...........................................................................................985

Charles O. Velzy and Leonard M. Grillo

25. Fuel Cells............................................................................................................................. 1033

Xianguo Li

26. Direct Energy Conversion................................................................................................ 1085

Mysore L. Ramalingam, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, and George Nolas

Appendix A: The International System of Units, Fundamental Constants,

and Conversion Factors................................................................................ 1103

Appendix B: Solar Radiation Data........................................................................................ 1109

Appendix C: Properties of Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Solids...................................... 1137

Appendix D: Ultimate Analysis of Biomass Fuels............................................................ 1151

Index 1153

In a world where waste incinerators are not an option and landfills are at over capacity, cities are hard pressed to find a solution to the problem of what to do with their solid waste. Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 2/e offers a solution. This handbook offers an integrated approach to the planning, design, and management of economical and environmentally responsible solid waste disposal system.

Let twenty industry and government experts provide you with the tools to design a solid waste management system capable of disposing of waste in a cost-efficient and environmentally responsible manner. Focusing on the six primary functions of an integrated system--source reduction, toxicity reduction, recycling and reuse, composting, waste- to-energy combustion, and landfilling--they explore each technology and examine its problems, costs, and legal and social ramifications.

For the Movers, Shakers, and Policy Makers in Energy Engineering and Related Industries The latest version of a bestselling reference, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition covers the foremost trends and technologies in energy engineering today. This new edition contains the latest material on energy planning and policy, with a focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources. It also examines nuclear energy and its place in future energy systems, includes a chapter on natural gas, and provides extensive coverage of energy storage for numerous forms of energy generation. The text also provides energy supply, demand, and pricing factor projections for the future. Explore the Future of Global Energy The authors address problems that industry now faces, including the limited availability of conventional energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and considers renewable energies such as wind power, solar energy, and biomass. They also illustrate the economics of energy efficiency, discuss the financial energy policies of various countries, consider the role of energy conservation in energy strategies, and examine the future of renewable energy technologies to build a sustainable energy system. This book is divided into five sections, providing a comprehensive look at renewable energy technologies and systems: Global Energy Systems, Policy, and Economics Energy Generation through 2025 Energy Infrastructure and Storage Renewable Technologies Biomass Energy Systems Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition focuses on the successful promotion of a sustainable energy supply for the future, and offers new and relevant information providing a clear reference to sustainable-development goals.