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New essays tracing the 18th-century literary revival in
German-speaking lands and the cultural developments that
accompanied it. The Enlightenment was based on the use of reason,
common sense, and "natural law," and was paralleled by an emphasis
on feelings and the emotions in religious, especially Pietist
circles. Progressive thinkers in England, France, and later in
Germany began to assail the absolutism of the state and the
orthodoxy of the Church; in Germany the line led from Leibniz,
Thomasius, and Wolff to Lessing and Kant, and eventually to the
rise of an educated upper middle class. Literary developments
encompassed the emergence of a national theater, literature, and a
common literary language. This became possible in part because of
advances in literacy and education, especially among bourgeois
women, and the reorganization of book production and the book
market. This major new reference work provides a fresh look at the
major literary figures, works, and cultural developments from
around 1700 up to the late Enlightenment.They trace the
18th-century literary revival in German-speaking countries: from
occasional and learned literature under the influence of French
Neoclassicism to the establishment of a new German drama, religious
epic and secular poetry, and the sentimentalist novel of
self-fashioning. The volume includes the new, stimulating works of
women, a chapter on music and literature, chapters on literary
developments in Switzerland and in Austria, and a chapter
onreactions to the Enlightenment from the 19th century to the
present. The recent revaluing of cultural and social phenomena
affecting literary texts informs the presentations in the
individual chapters and allows for the inclusionof hitherto
neglected but important texts such as essays, travelogues,
philosophical texts, and letters. Contributors: Kai Hammermeister,
Katherine Goodman, Helga Brandes, Rosmarie Zeller, Kevin Hilliard,
Francis Lamport, Sarah Colvin, Anna Richards, Franz M. Eybl, W.
Daniel Wilson, Robert Holub. Barbara Becker-Cantarino is Research
Professor in German at the Ohio State University.
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