This volume, Systems and Management Science by Extremal Methods, is the second in a series dedicated to honoring and extending the work of Abraham Charnes. The first volume, entitled Extremal Methods and Systems Analysis (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1980), was edited by A.V. Fiacco and K.O. Kortanek. Subtitled "An International Symposium on the Occasion of Abraham Charnes' Sixtieth Birthday," this first volume consisted of a selection from papers presented at a conference in honor of Professor Charnes held at The University of Texas at Austin in September 1977. This second volume consists of papers, to be described more fully below, that were presented in a similar 2 conference held at the IC Institute of The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, in October of 1987, to honor Dr. Charnes on his seventieth birthday. All these papers were written by scholars and scientists whose own work has been affected by the contributions of this distinguished scholar and educator over a long period of time.

Almost a century since the idea of creating more humane - more human-centric - cities was brought to the fore, how far has mankind progressed towards creating a true 'city with a heart'? How far off are we, and what can we do to close the gap?The first generation of smart cities showed the limits of top-down planning, in which cities contracted out design and implementation to IT providers. As residents resented paying high taxes for 'smart' urban features that they did not want or use, it became plain that smart cities were not sustainable, and needed to be re-thought. 'Smart City 2.0' starts the design process with understanding the needs of human residents. Little has yet been written about smart cities' second wind.This book offers leading-edge, international perspectives on Smart City 2.0. It offers an overview of the sustainable smart city concept, presents leading experts' latest thinking on strategies for a new generation of smart cities, and showcases eight implementation case studies from seven countries. All chapters are contributed by prominent, leading thinkers and practitioners from a dozen countries, representing both the developed and the developing worlds.

You have trained in aikido for at least several months and wonder what's beyond the mechanics of basic technique. You ponder why we do what we do, and what principles underlie the techniques. You are looking for an edge to accelerate your learning and deepen your understanding. This book's 'Especially for Students' section is for you.The 'Especially for Teachers' section offers tips for aikido instructors. It helps you articulate to your students some of aikido's more difficult ideas.The third section's longer chapters treat philosophical and strategic questions that are central to aikido practice.Learning and Teaching Aikido shows beginning-to-intermediate aikido students how to approach their practice, explaining why we do what we do in aikido. This literate presentation for the thoughtful practitioner also advises aikido teachers on how to present difficult concepts to their classes. Drawings and photos make the explanations clear. Learning and Teaching Aikido is a needed supplement to the many books that explain aikido history and how to execute aikido techniques.

This volume explains how advances in computer technology will augment communication in person-to-person, organizational, and educational settings. It describes the convergence of virtual reality and group decision support, and how these will serve educational and organizational effectiveness. Contributors--experts from business and academia--examine what the computing/communications world will look like in the near future, what the specific needs of various industries will be, and how innovations will fit into organizations and society.

These three topics are addressed with attention to the following questions: What will be the size of initial and future markets for advanced computer and communications technology? What will be the future computing environment in manufacturing operations, in the executive suite, in the office, in the field and on the road, at the point of service, for the computer-integrated enterprise, at home, in the school, and in the global marketplace?

This volume, Systems and Management Science by Extremal Methods, is the second in a series dedicated to honoring and extending the work of Abraham Charnes. The first volume, entitled Extremal Methods and Systems Analysis (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1980), was edited by A.V. Fiacco and K.O. Kortanek. Subtitled "An International Symposium on the Occasion of Abraham Charnes' Sixtieth Birthday," this first volume consisted of a selection from papers presented at a conference in honor of Professor Charnes held at The University of Texas at Austin in September 1977. This second volume consists of papers, to be described more fully below, that were presented in a similar 2 conference held at the IC Institute of The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, in October of 1987, to honor Dr. Charnes on his seventieth birthday. All these papers were written by scholars and scientists whose own work has been affected by the contributions of this distinguished scholar and educator over a long period of time.