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Biocatalytic Technology & Nanotechnology
Scientists from the former Soviet Union share the results of their
investigations into the phenomena and processes of chemical physics
at the quantitative level. Topics of the 20 papers include the
polymerization of fluoro(meth)acrylates used in fiber optics, the
structural aspects of adhesion in particulate-filled polymer
composites, the fractal analysis of macromolecules, and the
theoretical prognostication of the modulus of deformation hardening
in the context of the cluster model.
Aging of Polymers, Polymer Blends & Polymer Composites
Chemistry & Biochemistry on the Leading Edge
Low Flammability Polymeric Materials
Biotechnology & the Environment Including Biogeotechnology
Contents: Polymeric Flame Retardants: Problems and Decisions;
Modification of Thermal Characteristics of Polypyromellitimide
Films; The Influences of Dimethacrylates Nature and Plastifying
Additives to Them Upon Linear Chain Termination Constants Rate Via
3D Polymerisation; Synthesis of New Monomers on Diallylguanidine
Basis and Their Ability to Radical (Co)Polymerisation;
Bioartificial Polymeric Materials Based on Soft PVC/Natural Polymer
Blends: III -- Soft PVC/Hydrolysed Collagen Blends Containing Graft
Copolymers as Reactive Compatibilisers; Styrene Polymers/Ferrite
Magnetic Composites with Potential Biomedical Applications; Changes
in the Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Low and High
Amylose Starches During Biosynthesis; Studying of Intermolecular
Layers in Filled Polymers by Paramagnetic Sensors; Index.
Contents: On the secondary molecular structures dependence of
physical behaviour of polymers -- 1. fundamentals and model
microstructures for poly(vinylchloride) and polypropylene; On the
secondary molecular structures dependence of physical behaviour of
polymers -- 2. Application to thermal relaxations, ageing and basic
electrical properties of poly (vinylchloride) and polypropylene; An
essay on asymmetric polymerisation and the origin of chirality in
the biologically active macromolecules; Polydisulfides as
thermostabilisers of polythylene with intramolecular synergetic
effect; Several peculiarities of the behaviour of molecules of
low-molecular substances in the presence of chain molecules;
Ozonolisis of polydienes; Thermal degradation of rice husk and
other biomass materials; Polyurethanes in Biological Media; Ozone
resistance of butadiene -- acrylonitrile rubber and ethylene --
propylene terpolymer covulcanizates; Structural study of
methycellulose blends by fractal analysis; Inhibitor radicals in
the process of styrene polymerisation.
New Perspectives in Chemistry & Biochemistry
This volume examines an important aspect of the search for
effective anti-tumour agents -- the superoxide dismutase models.
The authors consider the complex compounds of transition metals
which imitate the catalytic properties of superoxide dismutases
from the point of view of their pharmacological applicability.
Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Unsaturated Compounds
This book includes the latest information in the field of organic
chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, material science
(synthesis, properties, applications) and renewable resources. This
book discusses the modification of chitosan films as a way of
regulating their transport properties, ozone and its reactions with
diene rubbers, antiradical activity of different antioxidants
depending on pH and polarity of model system detected by a
photochemilumin scence method, the interlayer spacing and
elasticity modulus interconnection for nanocomposites
polymer/organoclay.
The interest in polymer composites study is due to an even greater
degree of their application. The filling by hard disperse
particulates or fibres gives to polymers a desirable properties
number: increases stiffness, reduces thermal expansion coefficient,
rises resistance to yield and fracture toughness and so on.
Difficulties in research of structure-properties relationships for
polymer composites are due to their structure complexity. So, on
the elasticity modulus value besides composition a polymer-filler
interaction influences. In other words, it is clear even
intuitively that for the complete description of such
structurally-complex objects as polymer composites it is necessary
to account for three groups of factors, namely, polymeric matrix
structure, filler structure and level of interaction between them.
Up to now the researches of such kind were carried out within the
frameworks of continuous mechanics and thermodynamic conceptions.
However, these conceptions application does not allow to describe
satisfactorily and all the more to predict such materials
properties. As a matter of fact, an experimental data set dictates
the choice of either structure physical model for macroscopic
properties description.
This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical
reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such
as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen
oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic
characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl
oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of
polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition
of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram,
juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some
biological composite materials; properties and applications of
aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.
This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in
the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular
systems. The research results presented suggest that the
development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective
advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and
catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various
molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the
development of new nanotechnologies.
This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in
the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular
systems. The research results presented suggest that the
development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective
advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and
catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various
molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the
development of new nanotechnologies.
This book presents current research in the study of
quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The
research results presented suggest that the development of
nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for
the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results
of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems
presented here are the first step toward the development of new
nanotechnologies.
This book presents current research in the study of
quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The
research results presented suggest that the development of
nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for
the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results
of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems
presented here are the first step toward the development of new
nanotechnologies.
This book presents current research in the study of
quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The
research results presented suggest that the development of
nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for
the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results
of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems
presented here are the first step toward the development of new
nanotechnologies.
This book presents and discusses research in the study of chemical
and biochemical kinetics -- the science which deals with the
changes over time. Topics discussed include the mechanism of
catalysis with nickel (II) complexes in toluene and cumene
oxidations by dioxygen; the effect of two oxazoles on membrane
lipid structure of liver microsomes calculations of bond energy and
the structure and properties of polymer adsorption layers on
inorganic pigments surface in aqueous dispersion formed under
ultrasonic treatment.
Nanotechnology has continuously evolved sharing with past
technologies the same approaches to science policy, therefore, it
is problematic to consider nanotechnology as a radical change in
the development of technology. This book offers an overview of
structure--property relationships, synthesis and purification, and
potential applications of electrospun nanofibres and nanotubes. The
collection of topics in this book aims to reflect the diversity of
recent advances in nanotechnology with a broad perspective which
will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and
engineers.
This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical
reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such
as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen
oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic
characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl
oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of
polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition
of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram,
juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some
biological composite materials; properties and applications of
aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.
Nanotechnologies development in various directions of science and
engineering represents one of the most high-priority problems of
modern science. One of such directions is the development and
research of polymer nanocomposites with filler from nanoparticles
and nanotubes possessing the increased strength and
flame-resistance. In the last decade in the world literature a
large amount of works have appeared which are dedicated both to
technological and fundamental problems of polymer nanocomposites
creation. The main part of these works adduced studies of polymer
nanocomposites structure and properties, in which as filler
organoclays with particles size of nanometre scale (for example,
Na+-montmorillonite) were applied as a filler. Key studies in this
field mainly use various kinds of modifications of large
micromechanical models, created at one time for the description of
polymer composites properties in general. These modifications are
cumbersome enough, and mainly use complex computer technologies and
although with their help convincing enough results were obtained,
one should pay attention on their narrowness. In present quite many
classes of polymer nanocomposites are obtained, having different
reinforcement mechanisms, but the general ones in the sense, that
these mechanisms are realised at the expense of introduction in
polymer matrix particles of nanometre sizes. As it is known, the
main peculiarity of such particles is a sharply increased
polymer-filler contact area in comparison with usual fillers of
micron scale size, that gives maximum reinforcement effect at small
nanofiller contents. Hence it follows, that the main research
object in the given case should be interfacial phenomena on polymer
matrix-filler boundary, to which Academician Lipatov pointed as
long as 40 years ago. Another important postulate is the fractal
nature of nanoparticles structure, defining the mentioned above
interfacial interactions level. The two postulates mentioned would
be the main at the structure and properties of polymer
nanocomposites analysis in the present monograph. At the same time
the authors do not exlude the application of other model
representations, for example, of the mentioned above
micromechanical models.The purpose of the present monograph is the
research of structure-properties relationships, defining a polymer
nanocomposites reinforcement mechanism, for seven different classes
of these materials. For these tasks solution the modern physical
conceptions: synergetics of solid body, cluster model of polymers
amorphous state structure, percolation theory are used.
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