Biocatalytic Technology & Nanotechnology

Scientists from the former Soviet Union share the results of their investigations into the phenomena and processes of chemical physics at the quantitative level. Topics of the 20 papers include the polymerization of fluoro(meth)acrylates used in fiber optics, the structural aspects of adhesion in particulate-filled polymer composites, the fractal analysis of macromolecules, and the theoretical prognostication of the modulus of deformation hardening in the context of the cluster model.

Aging of Polymers, Polymer Blends & Polymer Composites

Chemistry & Biochemistry on the Leading Edge

Low Flammability Polymeric Materials

Biotechnology & the Environment Including Biogeotechnology

Contents: Polymeric Flame Retardants: Problems and Decisions; Modification of Thermal Characteristics of Polypyromellitimide Films; The Influences of Dimethacrylates Nature and Plastifying Additives to Them Upon Linear Chain Termination Constants Rate Via 3D Polymerisation; Synthesis of New Monomers on Diallylguanidine Basis and Their Ability to Radical (Co)Polymerisation; Bioartificial Polymeric Materials Based on Soft PVC/Natural Polymer Blends: III -- Soft PVC/Hydrolysed Collagen Blends Containing Graft Copolymers as Reactive Compatibilisers; Styrene Polymers/Ferrite Magnetic Composites with Potential Biomedical Applications; Changes in the Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Low and High Amylose Starches During Biosynthesis; Studying of Intermolecular Layers in Filled Polymers by Paramagnetic Sensors; Index.

Contents: On the secondary molecular structures dependence of physical behaviour of polymers -- 1. fundamentals and model microstructures for poly(vinylchloride) and polypropylene; On the secondary molecular structures dependence of physical behaviour of polymers -- 2. Application to thermal relaxations, ageing and basic electrical properties of poly (vinylchloride) and polypropylene; An essay on asymmetric polymerisation and the origin of chirality in the biologically active macromolecules; Polydisulfides as thermostabilisers of polythylene with intramolecular synergetic effect; Several peculiarities of the behaviour of molecules of low-molecular substances in the presence of chain molecules; Ozonolisis of polydienes; Thermal degradation of rice husk and other biomass materials; Polyurethanes in Biological Media; Ozone resistance of butadiene -- acrylonitrile rubber and ethylene -- propylene terpolymer covulcanizates; Structural study of methycellulose blends by fractal analysis; Inhibitor radicals in the process of styrene polymerisation.

New Perspectives in Chemistry & Biochemistry

This volume examines an important aspect of the search for effective anti-tumour agents -- the superoxide dismutase models. The authors consider the complex compounds of transition metals which imitate the catalytic properties of superoxide dismutases from the point of view of their pharmacological applicability.

Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Unsaturated Compounds

This book includes the latest information in the field of organic chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, material science (synthesis, properties, applications) and renewable resources. This book discusses the modification of chitosan films as a way of regulating their transport properties, ozone and its reactions with diene rubbers, antiradical activity of different antioxidants depending on pH and polarity of model system detected by a photochemilumin scence method, the interlayer spacing and elasticity modulus interconnection for nanocomposites polymer/organoclay.

The interest in polymer composites study is due to an even greater degree of their application. The filling by hard disperse particulates or fibres gives to polymers a desirable properties number: increases stiffness, reduces thermal expansion coefficient, rises resistance to yield and fracture toughness and so on. Difficulties in research of structure-properties relationships for polymer composites are due to their structure complexity. So, on the elasticity modulus value besides composition a polymer-filler interaction influences. In other words, it is clear even intuitively that for the complete description of such structurally-complex objects as polymer composites it is necessary to account for three groups of factors, namely, polymeric matrix structure, filler structure and level of interaction between them. Up to now the researches of such kind were carried out within the frameworks of continuous mechanics and thermodynamic conceptions. However, these conceptions application does not allow to describe satisfactorily and all the more to predict such materials properties. As a matter of fact, an experimental data set dictates the choice of either structure physical model for macroscopic properties description.

This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram, juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some biological composite materials; properties and applications of aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.

This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

Nanotechnology has continuously evolved sharing with past technologies the same approaches to science policy, therefore, it is problematic to consider nanotechnology as a radical change in the development of technology. This book offers an overview of structure--property relationships, synthesis and purification, and potential applications of electrospun nanofibres and nanotubes. The collection of topics in this book aims to reflect the diversity of recent advances in nanotechnology with a broad perspective which will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers.

This book presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effect advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.

This book presents and discusses research in the study of chemical and biochemical kinetics -- the science which deals with the changes over time. Topics discussed include the mechanism of catalysis with nickel (II) complexes in toluene and cumene oxidations by dioxygen; the effect of two oxazoles on membrane lipid structure of liver microsomes calculations of bond energy and the structure and properties of polymer adsorption layers on inorganic pigments surface in aqueous dispersion formed under ultrasonic treatment.

This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram, juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some biological composite materials; properties and applications of aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.

Nanotechnologies development in various directions of science and engineering represents one of the most high-priority problems of modern science. One of such directions is the development and research of polymer nanocomposites with filler from nanoparticles and nanotubes possessing the increased strength and flame-resistance. In the last decade in the world literature a large amount of works have appeared which are dedicated both to technological and fundamental problems of polymer nanocomposites creation. The main part of these works adduced studies of polymer nanocomposites structure and properties, in which as filler organoclays with particles size of nanometre scale (for example, Na+-montmorillonite) were applied as a filler. Key studies in this field mainly use various kinds of modifications of large micromechanical models, created at one time for the description of polymer composites properties in general. These modifications are cumbersome enough, and mainly use complex computer technologies and although with their help convincing enough results were obtained, one should pay attention on their narrowness. In present quite many classes of polymer nanocomposites are obtained, having different reinforcement mechanisms, but the general ones in the sense, that these mechanisms are realised at the expense of introduction in polymer matrix particles of nanometre sizes. As it is known, the main peculiarity of such particles is a sharply increased polymer-filler contact area in comparison with usual fillers of micron scale size, that gives maximum reinforcement effect at small nanofiller contents. Hence it follows, that the main research object in the given case should be interfacial phenomena on polymer matrix-filler boundary, to which Academician Lipatov pointed as long as 40 years ago. Another important postulate is the fractal nature of nanoparticles structure, defining the mentioned above interfacial interactions level. The two postulates mentioned would be the main at the structure and properties of polymer nanocomposites analysis in the present monograph. At the same time the authors do not exlude the application of other model representations, for example, of the mentioned above micromechanical models.The purpose of the present monograph is the research of structure-properties relationships, defining a polymer nanocomposites reinforcement mechanism, for seven different classes of these materials. For these tasks solution the modern physical conceptions: synergetics of solid body, cluster model of polymers amorphous state structure, percolation theory are used.