Biocatalytic Technology & Nanotechnology

Scientists from the former Soviet Union share the results of their investigations into the phenomena and processes of chemical physics at the quantitative level. Topics of the 20 papers include the polymerization of fluoro(meth)acrylates used in fiber optics, the structural aspects of adhesion in particulate-filled polymer composites, the fractal analysis of macromolecules, and the theoretical prognostication of the modulus of deformation hardening in the context of the cluster model.

Aging of Polymers, Polymer Blends & Polymer Composites

Chemistry & Biochemistry on the Leading Edge

Low Flammability Polymeric Materials

Quantitative Aspects of Polymer Stabilizers

This volume is the proceeding of the Second Moscow International Congress on 'Biotechnology' which was held from 10 to 14 November 2003. The conference included: Fundamental researches and biotechnology; Biotechnology and medicine; Biotechnology and agriculture; Biotechnology and industry; Biotechnology and environment; Biotechnology and food products; Biotechnology and biocatalytic technology; Nanotechnology and biotechnology; Biotechnology and education. This broad spectrum of fields is very important for research, development and production.

Biotechnology & the Environment Including Biogeotechnology

Biotechnology & Industry

Contents: Mechanism of stereoregulation in Diene polymerisation on lanthanide catalytic systems; On the compatibility of low-density polythene/hydrolysed collagen blends; The influence of hydrodynamics on the liquid stream's motion on the regime of work of tubular turbulent apparatuses; FTIR monomer conversion analysis of dental resins; The effects of coalescing additives on the MFFT of vinyl acetate -- dibutyl maleate copolymer; Modification of thermal characteristics of polypyromellitimide films; Formation and properties of a catalyst based on sodium and potassium hydroxides in the reaction on 2,6-di-tert-butyphenol with methyl acrylate; Structural criterias of a change of a kinetic curves type in the process of a termooxidative degradation; Effects of lead diacetate on structure transformation and functional problems of piracetam; evidence of the tacticity governed microstructure dependence of substitution reactions on poly(vinyl chloride) in the melt state; transformations of polymers in conditions of elastic-straining influence.

This collection examines the influence of liquid and solid states during radical, ionic, and molecular reactions, specifically how cage effect, diffusion hindrance, donor-acceptor interaction, electrostatic interaction, dispersion forces and other factors affect the rates, mechanism, and direction of chemical reactions. Topics of the 11 papers include spherical hydrogel particles for endovascular embolisation, the synthesis and thermal degradation of phenolic resins, mono-molecular chain termination in dimethacrylate postpolymerisation, and calculating the effect of chain deformation on macromolecule scission. Most of the researchers work in Russia.

Contents: Polymeric Flame Retardants: Problems and Decisions; Modification of Thermal Characteristics of Polypyromellitimide Films; The Influences of Dimethacrylates Nature and Plastifying Additives to Them Upon Linear Chain Termination Constants Rate Via 3D Polymerisation; Synthesis of New Monomers on Diallylguanidine Basis and Their Ability to Radical (Co)Polymerisation; Bioartificial Polymeric Materials Based on Soft PVC/Natural Polymer Blends: III -- Soft PVC/Hydrolysed Collagen Blends Containing Graft Copolymers as Reactive Compatibilisers; Styrene Polymers/Ferrite Magnetic Composites with Potential Biomedical Applications; Changes in the Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Low and High Amylose Starches During Biosynthesis; Studying of Intermolecular Layers in Filled Polymers by Paramagnetic Sensors; Index.

Contents: On the secondary molecular structures dependence of physical behaviour of polymers -- 1. fundamentals and model microstructures for poly(vinylchloride) and polypropylene; On the secondary molecular structures dependence of physical behaviour of polymers -- 2. Application to thermal relaxations, ageing and basic electrical properties of poly (vinylchloride) and polypropylene; An essay on asymmetric polymerisation and the origin of chirality in the biologically active macromolecules; Polydisulfides as thermostabilisers of polythylene with intramolecular synergetic effect; Several peculiarities of the behaviour of molecules of low-molecular substances in the presence of chain molecules; Ozonolisis of polydienes; Thermal degradation of rice husk and other biomass materials; Polyurethanes in Biological Media; Ozone resistance of butadiene -- acrylonitrile rubber and ethylene -- propylene terpolymer covulcanizates; Structural study of methycellulose blends by fractal analysis; Inhibitor radicals in the process of styrene polymerisation.

New Perspectives in Chemistry & Biochemistry

Contents: 1,4-Trans-Polydienes; Polyhalogenated Flame Retardants and Dioxins; Kinetics of Growth of the Bacterial Strain Rhodococcus Luteus AC-1169 on Different Substrate; Kinetics of Growth Pseudomonas Sp. PS-17; Tribochemical Synthesis of Pyromellit-amidoacids Olygomers; Integral Diffusion Coefficients of Symmetrical 1:1 Strong Electrolytes in Water Swollen Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels; Differential Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Electrolytes Measured by an Open-ended Conductoimetric Capillary Cell: A Review; The Relationship Between Thermodynamical Parameters of Activated Complexes and Initial Reactants in the Reaction of Peroxides with Amines; The Relationship Between Thermodynamical Behaviours of Activated Complexes and Initial Reactants in Peroxide Decay Reactions; Basaltic Continuous Multifilament Yarns Ageing in Aggressive Alkaline Media; Effect of Technological Parameters Stability at Synthesis of Polybutylene Terephthalate on its Properties; Levels of Fractality in Polymers; Change of Microgel Structures at Curing Epoxy Polymers in Fractal Space.

Fractals & Local Order in Polymeric Materials

This volume examines an important aspect of the search for effective anti-tumour agents -- the superoxide dismutase models. The authors consider the complex compounds of transition metals which imitate the catalytic properties of superoxide dismutases from the point of view of their pharmacological applicability.

Advances in any branches of technology essentially depends on the branch development. The tonnage and nomenclature of medical polymers in the world grow faster that those of commercial polymers. Polymers are involved now in almost any field of medicine. They are widely used in restorative surgery as prosthesis, coverings for wounds and burns, blood substitutes, as packing for drugs, for nursing items, as medical equipment parts, and so on. Two basic questions are of interest to the bioengineer producing the items and the physician using them in practice, namely: their biocompatibility and the retaining of their effective mechanical, diffusive, optical and other properties.

Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Unsaturated Compounds

This book includes the latest information in the field of organic chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, material science (synthesis, properties, applications) and renewable resources. This book discusses the modification of chitosan films as a way of regulating their transport properties, ozone and its reactions with diene rubbers, antiradical activity of different antioxidants depending on pH and polarity of model system detected by a photochemilumin scence method, the interlayer spacing and elasticity modulus interconnection for nanocomposites polymer/organoclay.

The interest in polymer composites study is due to an even greater degree of their application. The filling by hard disperse particulates or fibres gives to polymers a desirable properties number: increases stiffness, reduces thermal expansion coefficient, rises resistance to yield and fracture toughness and so on. Difficulties in research of structure-properties relationships for polymer composites are due to their structure complexity. So, on the elasticity modulus value besides composition a polymer-filler interaction influences. In other words, it is clear even intuitively that for the complete description of such structurally-complex objects as polymer composites it is necessary to account for three groups of factors, namely, polymeric matrix structure, filler structure and level of interaction between them. Up to now the researches of such kind were carried out within the frameworks of continuous mechanics and thermodynamic conceptions. However, these conceptions application does not allow to describe satisfactorily and all the more to predict such materials properties. As a matter of fact, an experimental data set dictates the choice of either structure physical model for macroscopic properties description.

This book examines topical data on the subject of chemical reactions in different phases of gas, liquid and solid states, such as the classification of polymers in reactivity toward nitrogen oxide; influence of the initiation rate of radicals on the kinetic characteristics of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the methyl oleate oxidation; supercritical carbon dioxide swelling of polyheteroarylenes synthesised in N-methylpyrrolidone; inhibition of 2-hexenal oxidation by essential oils of ginger, marjoram, juniper berry, black and white pepper; specific properties of some biological composite materials; properties and applications of aminoxyl radicals in polymer chemistry and others.

This book is one of many volumes which presents current research in the study of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems. The research results presented suggest that the development of nanotechnologies will offer new and more effective advancements for the improvement of penicillins, vitamins and catalysts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of various molecular systems presented here are the first step toward the development of new nanotechnologies.