The distinguished contributors to this volume have been set the problem of describing how we know where to move our eyes. There is a great deal of current interest in the use of eye movement recordings to investigate various mental processes. The common theme is that variations in eye movements indicate variations in the processing of what is being perceived, whether in reading, driving or scene perception. However, a number of problems of interpretation are now emerging, and this edited volume sets out to address these problems. The book investigates controversies concerning the variations in eye movements associated with reading ability, concerning the extent to which text is used by the guidance mechanism while reading, concerning the relationship between eye movements and the control of other body movements, the relationship between what is inspected and what is perceived, and concerning the role of visual control attention in the acquisition of complex perceptual-motor skills, in addition to the nature of the guidance mechanism itself.
The origins of the volume are in discussions held at a meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology (ESCOP) that was held in Wurzburg in September 1996. The discussions concerned the landing effect in reading, an effect, that if substantiated, would provide evidence of the use of parafoveal information in eye guidance, and these discussions were explored in more detail at a small meeting in Chamonix, in February 1997. Many of the contributors to this volume were present at the meeting, but the arguments were not resolved in Chamonix either. Other leaders in the field were invited to contribute to the discussion, and this volume is the product. The argument remains unresolved, but the problem is certainly clearer.

Only book on Hopf algebras aimed at advanced undergraduates

The purpose of this book is to provide a concise yet detailed account of fundamental concepts in modern algebra. The target audience for this book is first-year graduate students in mathematics, though the first two chapters are probably accessible to well-prepared undergraduates. The book covers a broad range of topics in modern algebra and includes chapters on groups, rings, modules, algebraic extension fields, and finite fields. Each chapter begins with an overview which provides a road map for the reader showing what material will be covered. At the end of each chapter we collect exercises which review and reinforce the material in the corresponding sections. These exercises range from straightforward applications of the material to problems designed to challenge the reader. We also include a list of 'Questions for Further Study' which pose problems suitable for master's degree research projects.

The purpose of this book is to provide a concise yet detailed account of fundamental concepts in modern algebra. The target audience for this book is first-year graduate students in mathematics, though the first two chapters are probably accessible to well-prepared undergraduates. The book covers a broad range of topics in modern algebra and includes chapters on groups, rings, modules, algebraic extension fields, and finite fields. Each chapter begins with an overview which provides a road map for the reader showing what material will be covered. At the end of each chapter we collect exercises which review and reinforce the material in the corresponding sections. These exercises range from straightforward applications of the material to problems designed to challenge the reader. We also include a list of 'Questions for Further Study' which pose problems suitable for master's degree research projects.

Surgery and pharmaceuticals are not the only effective procedures we have to improve our health. The natural human tendency to care for fellow humans, to support them with social networks, has proven to be a powerful treatment as well. This book, will provide the most up to date research on the effects of social support interventions on physical and mental health.

Gay men reveal their preferenceand the reasons behind it! Gay Men and Anal Eroticism: Tops, Bottoms, and Versatiles is a no-holds-barred examination of one of society's most persistent taboos. In a remarkably candid collection of frank and forthright interviews, 21 gay men talk about the role anal sex plays in their lives and relationships and their choices to act as insertive (top) or receptive (bottom) partnersor both (versatile). Ranging in age from 21 to 65, the men discuss the reasons behind (and consequences of) their choices; how they define their sexual roles (and how those roles are defined by gay society); issues of power, trust, and vulnerability; and the concept (in both straight and gay society) that tops and bottoms are socially and morally unequal. These unique interviews, conducted by the author in the Boston and Provincetown areas, celebrate choice in gay men's sexuality while debating whether preference is genetically based or socially formeda debate largely ignored in social science studies. The men interviewedincluding gay porn icon Cole Tuckerdiscuss perceptions muddied by stereotypes, preconceived notions, and exaggerated scenarios, and the meanings gay men assign to anal sex, including dominance and submission roles related to masculine/feminine, aggressive/passive implications. The interviews also cover each subject's personal history as a gay man, safe sex in the AIDS era, childhood traumas, first-time sexual encounters, loves, desires, and obsessions. The interviews for Gay Men and Anal Eroticism provide insights that are equal parts thoughtful and outrageous, humorous and heartbreaking: Aaron, age 24: I sort of fell into this image of myself as being a very aggressive bottom, a guy who knew what he wanted and who didn't want any wimps applying. Danny, 21: There's a mindset about being a top it's kinda like maintaining the ship. Sam, 36: I hate to say it, but I'm a bottom I don't like to be identified like that because I feel it turns me into something all the way from my feet up to my head. Eddie, 42: I guess I enjoy more being a top than a bottom because I haven't found a good top. and Cole Tucker: A physical act doesn't really make you a top or a bottom. It's a function, an organic function of what you do. It's the dynamics of where you come from. The revealing disclosures of Gay Men and Anal Eroticism show equality in man-to-man sex to be as varied as the number of individuals who pursue it. Addressing traditional misunderstandings and misconceptions of gay men as either limp-wrested fairies or masculine trade, the book uncovers that there is much more to this complex issue than personal preference.

Gay men reveal their preferenceand the reasons behind it! Gay Men and Anal Eroticism: Tops, Bottoms, and Versatiles is a no-holds-barred examination of one of society's most persistent taboos. In a remarkably candid collection of frank and forthright interviews, 21 gay men talk about the role anal sex plays in their lives and relationships and their choices to act as insertive (top) or receptive (bottom) partnersor both (versatile). Ranging in age from 21 to 65, the men discuss the reasons behind (and consequences of) their choices; how they define their sexual roles (and how those roles are defined by gay society); issues of power, trust, and vulnerability; and the concept (in both straight and gay society) that tops and bottoms are socially and morally unequal. These unique interviews, conducted by the author in the Boston and Provincetown areas, celebrate choice in gay men's sexuality while debating whether preference is genetically based or socially formeda debate largely ignored in social science studies. The men interviewedincluding gay porn icon Cole Tuckerdiscuss perceptions muddied by stereotypes, preconceived notions, and exaggerated scenarios, and the meanings gay men assign to anal sex, including dominance and submission roles related to masculine/feminine, aggressive/passive implications. The interviews also cover each subject's personal history as a gay man, safe sex in the AIDS era, childhood traumas, first-time sexual encounters, loves, desires, and obsessions. The interviews for Gay Men and Anal Eroticism provide insights that are equal parts thoughtful and outrageous, humorous and heartbreaking: Aaron, age 24: I sort of fell into this image of myself as being a very aggressive bottom, a guy who knew what he wanted and who didn't want any wimps applying. Danny, 21: There's a mindset about being a top it's kinda like maintaining the ship. Sam, 36: I hate to say it, but I'm a bottom I don't like to be identified like that because I feel it turns me into something all the way from my feet up to my head. Eddie, 42: I guess I enjoy more being a top than a bottom because I haven't found a good top. and Cole Tucker: A physical act doesn't really make you a top or a bottom. It's a function, an organic function of what you do. It's the dynamics of where you come from. The revealing disclosures of Gay Men and Anal Eroticism show equality in man-to-man sex to be as varied as the number of individuals who pursue it. Addressing traditional misunderstandings and misconceptions of gay men as either limp-wrested fairies or masculine trade, the book uncovers that there is much more to this complex issue than personal preference.

This text aims to provide graduate students with a self-contained introduction to topics that are at the forefront of modern algebra, namely, coalgebras, bialgebras and Hopf algebras. The last chapter (Chapter 4) discusses several applications of Hopf algebras, some of which are further developed in the author's 2011 publication, An Introduction to Hopf Algebras. The book may be used as the main text or as a supplementary text for a graduate algebra course. Prerequisites for this text include standard material on groups, rings, modules, algebraic extension fields, finite fields and linearly recursive sequences. The book consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 introduces algebras and coalgebras over a field K; Chapter 2 treats bialgebras; Chapter 3 discusses Hopf algebras and Chapter 4 consists of three applications of Hopf algebras. Each chapter begins with a short overview and ends with a collection of exercises which are designed to review and reinforce the material. Exercises range from straightforward applications of the theory to problems that are devised to challenge the reader. Questions for further study are provided after selected exercises. Most proofs are given in detail, though a few proofs are omitted since they are beyond the scope of this book.

Only book on Hopf algebras aimed at advanced undergraduates

Seeking to integrate the large volume of clinical research on relational processes and mental health disorders with other scientific advances in psychiatry, Relational Processes and DSM-V builds on exciting advances in clinical research on troubled relationships. These advances included marked improvements in the assessment and epidemiology of troubled relationships as well the use of genetics, neuroscience, and immunology to explore the importance of close relationships in clinical practice. Advances in family-based intervention, and prevention are also highlighted to help practitioners and researchers find common ground and begin an empirically based discussion about the best way to revise the DSM. Given the overwhelming research showing that relationships play a role in regulating neurobiology and genetic expression and are critical for understanding schizophrenia, conduct disorder, and depression among other disorders, relational processes must be a part of any empirically based plan for revising psychiatric nosology in DSM-V.

The chapters in this book counter the perspective that we can safely discard the biopsychosocial model that has guided psychiatry in the past. The contributors examine the relevance of close relationships in such issues as the basic psychopathology of mental disorders, factors influencing maintenance and relapse, sources of burden for family members, and guiding family-based interventions. By tying relational processes to basic research on psychopathology, they demonstrate the value of integrating basic behavioral and brain research with a sophisticated understanding of the self-organizing and self-sustaining characteristics of relationships. Coverage includes: - research linking relational processes to neuroscience, neurobiology, health outcomes, intervention research, prevention research, and genetics- consideration of specific circumstances, such as promoting healthy parenting following divorce and relational processes in depressed Latino adolescents- optimal approaches to the assessment of relational processes with clinical significance, such as child abuse, partner abuse, and expressed emotion.- a simple introduction to the methodology of taxometrics, offering insight into whether key relational processes are distinct categories or continuously distributed variables- an overview of the links between relational processes and psychiatric outcomes, providing a theoretical foundation for the discussion of links to psychopathology

Together, these contributions seek to develop a shared commitment among clinicians, researchers, and psychopathologists to take seriously the issue of relational processes as they relate to diagnoses within DSM-and to encourage mental health care workers at all levels to harness the generative and healing properties of intimate relationships and make them a focus of clinical practice. It is a book that will prove useful to all who are interested in integrating greater sensitivity to relational processes in their work.

The concept of altruism, or disinterested concern for another's welfare, has been discussed by everyone from theologians to psychologists to biologists. In this book, evolutionary, neurological, developmental, psychological, social, cultural, and religious aspects of altruistic behavior are examined. It is a collaborative examination of one of humanity's essential and defining characteristics by renowned researchers from various disciplines. Their integrative dialogue illustrates that altruistic behavior is a significant mode of expression that can be studied by various scholarly methods and understood from a variety of perspectives in both the humanities and the sciences. Altruism and Altruistic Love establishes a framework for scholarship on altruism by presenting definitions, a historical overview, a review of contemporary research, and debates in various disciplines, as well as a discussion of directions for future work.

This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.

This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.

"Reading and Understanding" presents a review of current thinking about the psychology of reading, introducing the nature of problems facing the reader who is to extract meaningful information from printed symbols. It is suitable for use as an advanced text for psychology, education and linguistics students. The volume includes a description of text and of the cognitive processes and changes necessary for transforming visible characters into meanings, and introduces the notion of the "computational problem" facing the skilled reader - what kinds of information are available, and what are the processes necessary for recovering that information? It also deals with the development of reading skills in readers of differing ability, including development dyslexics, poor readers, skilled readers and speed readers.