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Drawn from the bestselling Clark's Positioning in Radiography, this
pocket handbook provides clear and practical advice to help
radiographers in their day-to-day work. Designed for rapid
reference, it covers how to position the patient and the central
ray, describes the essential image characteristics and illustrates
each radiographic projection with a positioning photograph and a
radiograph.
First published in 1939, Clark's Positioning in Radiography is the
pre-eminent text on positioning technique for diagnostic
radiographers. Whilst retaining the clear and easy-to-follow
structure of the previous edition, the thirteenth edition includes
a number of changes and innovations in radiographic technique. The
text has been extensively updated, including a new section on
evaluating images, The Ten Point Plan, which is linked throughout
to Essential Image Characteristics for each procedure. The section
on digital imaging has been expanded not only to elaborate more
extensively on the technology but to demonstrate its various
clinical applications. Students will also benefit from more
detailed reference to positioning errors and how to avoid mistakes,
as well as a greater emphasis on standard radiation protection
measures and guidance on the most recent radiation dose reference
levels for specific examinations.This new edition includes more
anatomical drawings to support better understanding of radiographic
anatomy, and brand-new positioning photographs reflecting the
different approaches in technique using the variety of imaging
platforms available in radiography departments. Clark's Positioning
in Radiography will continue to be the definitive work on
radiographic technique for all students on diagnostic radiography
courses, radiographers in practice and trainee radiologists
preparing for the FRCR or equivalent qualifying examinations.
This book is a collection of studies of corrections and repair in
conversation, by Gail Jefferson, co-founder of the field of
Conversation Analysis and one of its foremost researchers.
Throughout her career, Jefferson explored the almost hidden,
subterranean world of the seemingly minor errors and mistakes that
people make in interaction. Speech errors sometimes have an
ideological significance (e.g. a defendant apparently about to
refer to the police as "cops" but cutting off just in time to
correct that to "officer"). Despite the virtual invisibility of
these errors, such problematic moments in interaction bring into
play ways of remedying and correcting errors that can have profound
significance for the participants. Through these studies Jefferson
reveals the delicacy, the subtlety with which moments of
communication difficulties and possible miscommunications are
remedied, in such a way as to minimize the damage that might
otherwise be caused to the interaction. This collection represents
the most distinctive, sustained, and incisive exploration of what
speakers are "up to" in episodes when they correct errors in their
own and one another's speech. Combining rigorous technical
analysis, extraordinary methodological innovation, and acute
observation, Jefferson explored what she herself referred to as the
"wild side of Conversation Analysis." The coherence and depth of
her research is revealed in these studies, which include four
previously unpublished papers, as well as others that were
published variously in less widely-distributed journals and
publications. In the volume's introduction, editors Joerg Bergmann
and Paul Drew provide an appraisal, for the first time, of the
significance of Jefferson's stunningly inventive research into
errors and their correction in conversation.
Few conversational topics can be as significant as our troubles in
life, whether everyday and commonplace, or more exceptional and
disturbing. In groundbreaking research conducted with John Lee at
the University of Manchester UK, Gail Jefferson turned the
microscope on how people talk about their troubles, not in any
professional or therapeutic setting, but in their ordinary
conversations with family and friends. Through recordings of
interactions in which people talk about problems they're having
with their children, concerns about their health, financial
problems, marital and relationship difficulties (their own or other
people's), examination failures, dramatic events such as burglaries
or a house fire and other such troubles, Jefferson explores the
interactional dynamics and complexities of introducing such topics,
of how speakers sustain and elaborate their descriptions and
accounts of their troubles, how participants align and affiliate
with one another, and finally manage to move away from such topics.
The studies Jefferson published out of that remarkable period of
research have been collected together in this volume. They are as
insightful and informative about how we talk about our troubles, as
they are innovative in the development and application of
Conversation Analysis. Gail Jefferson (1938-2008) was one of the
co-founders of Conversation Analysis (CA); through her early
collaboration with Harvey Sacks and in her subsequent research, she
laid the foundations for what has become an immensely important
interdisciplinary paradigm. She co-authored, with Harvey Sacks and
Emanuel Schegloff, two of the most highly cited articles ever
published in Language, on turn-taking and repair. These papers were
foundational, as was the transcription system that she developed
and that is used by conversation analysts world-wide. Her research
papers were a distinctive and original voice in the emerging
micro-analysis of interaction in everyday life.
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