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Originally published in 1999, Cathedrals of Consumption examines
the history of the department store. After many decades in which it
was almost exclusively historians of retailing and company
biographers who were interested in the phenomenon, the department
store has now come to attract the attention of historians of
culture, consumption, gender, urban life and much more. Indeed, the
department store in its classic era of expansive growth has often
seemed better than anything else to embody the cultural and social
modernity of its time. The articles in this book range widely in
presenting the breadth of these new approaches to department store
history. An introductory essay explores the questions that surround
the department store from its appearance in the mid-nineteenth
century, through its golden age in the decades before the First
World War, to the challenges posed in the more competitive world of
inter-war Europe. A dozen contributors - writing about Britain,
France, Germany, Belgium and Hungary - then examine themes as
varied as the new public space which department stores provided for
women, the politics of consumption, the architecture of the new
stores, the training of the workforce, the cult of shopping,
advertising strategies, shoplifting, employer organisations, and
the geographical spread of the new stores, while a comparison with
eighteenth-century London raises the question of just how new the
department store was.
First published in 1977. This book records the emergence of a lower
middle class in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. Victorian
society had always contained a marginal middle class of shopkeepers
and small businessmen, but in the closing decades of the nineteenth
century the growth of white-collar salaried occupations created a
new and distinctive force in the social structure. These essays
look at the place of the lower middle class within British society
and examine its ideals and values. Some essays concentrate on
occupational groups - clerks and shopkeepers - while others focus
on aspects of lower middle class life - religion, housing and
jingoism. This title will be of interest to students of history.
First published in 1995. Geoffrey Crossick and Heinz-Gerhard Haupt
provide a major overview of the social, economic, cultural and
political development of the petite bourgeoisie in eighteenth-,
nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. Through comparative
analysis the authors examine issues such as the centrality of small
enterprise to industrial change, the importance of family and
locality to the petit-bourgeois world, the search for stability and
status, and the associated political move to the right. This title
will be of interest to students of history.
First published in 1978. Mid-Victorian Britain was relatively
stable in comparison with the turbulent period that preceded it,
and that stability is in part explained by the emergence of an
artisan elite with a specific relationship to the society around
it. This book examines that elite: its clubs and societies,
co-operatives and building societies; its values and ideology,
challenging the notion that these artisans directly absorbed
middle-class values; its politics, tracing the evolution from
Chartism through the Reform League and on to a radical liberalism
which existed in constant tension with the local liberal middle
class. A careful reconstruction of the social, political and
industrial life of these artisans is set within the context of the
local communities, and their understanding of the mid-Victorian
society in which they lived is seen as the explanation for their
values and activities. This title makes a major contribution
towards our understanding of the nineteenth-century working class.
Artisans played a central role in the European town as it developed
from the Middles Ages onwards. Their workshops were at the heart of
productive activity, their guilds were often central to the
political and legal order of towns, and their culture helped shape
civic ritual and the urban order. These essays, which have all been
specially written for this collection, explore the relationships
between artisans and their towns across Europe between the
beginning of the early-modern period and the end of the 19th
century. They pay special attention to the processes of economic,
juridicial and political change that have made the 18th and early
19th centuries a period of such significance. Written by leading
historians of European artisans, the essays question the myths
about artisans that have long pervaded research in the field. The
leading myth was that shared by the artisans themselves - the myth
of decline and the belief in each generation that artisans in the
past had inhabited a better age. These essays open up for debate
the nature of artisanship, the way economic change affected craft
production, the political role of artisans, the cultural
identification of the artisans with work and masculinity, and the
way changing urban society and changing urban structure posed
threats to which the artisans had to respond.
Originally published in 1999, Cathedrals of Consumption examines
the history of the department store. After many decades in which it
was almost exclusively historians of retailing and company
biographers who were interested in the phenomenon, the department
store has now come to attract the attention of historians of
culture, consumption, gender, urban life and much more. Indeed, the
department store in its classic era of expansive growth has often
seemed better than anything else to embody the cultural and social
modernity of its time. The articles in this book range widely in
presenting the breadth of these new approaches to department store
history. An introductory essay explores the questions that surround
the department store from its appearance in the mid-nineteenth
century, through its golden age in the decades before the First
World War, to the challenges posed in the more competitive world of
inter-war Europe. A dozen contributors - writing about Britain,
France, Germany, Belgium and Hungary - then examine themes as
varied as the new public space which department stores provided for
women, the politics of consumption, the architecture of the new
stores, the training of the workforce, the cult of shopping,
advertising strategies, shoplifting, employer organisations, and
the geographical spread of the new stores, while a comparison with
eighteenth-century London raises the question of just how new the
department store was.
First published in 1984. Shopkeepers and master artisans had a
striking presence in the history of nineteenth-century Europe, not
only in the development of industrial and urban economies, but also
the fabric of social life and the politics of protest. The
experience of 1848, the differing pace of various forms of
nationalism and liberalism and, at the end of the century, the
shift towards right-wing nationalist or Catholic political
movements reflected a developing 'crisis' in the petite
bourgeoisie. The essays examine the nature of this crisis and ask
critical questions about the social relations of the petite
bourgeoisie with the developing working classes. This book as a
whole provides a fresh and integrated approach to the world of
these shopkeepers and master artisans and illuminates much else
besides in the social history of nineteenth-century Europe.
Artisans played a central role in the European town as it developed
from the Middles Ages onwards. Their workshops were at the heart of
productive activity, their guilds were often central to the
political and legal order of towns, and their culture helped shape
civic ritual and the urban order. These essays, which have all been
specially written for this collection, explore the relationships
between artisans and their towns across Europe between the
beginning of the early-modern period and the end of the 19th
century. They pay special attention to the processes of economic,
juridicial and political change that have made the 18th and early
19th centuries a period of such significance. Written by leading
historians of European artisans, the essays question the myths
about artisans that have long pervaded research in the field. The
leading myth was that shared by the artisans themselves - the myth
of decline and the belief in each generation that artisans in the
past had inhabited a better age. These essays open up for debate
the nature of artisanship, the way economic change affected craft
production, the political role of artisans, the cultural
identification of the artisans with work and masculinity, and the
way changing urban society and changing urban structure posed
threats to which the artisans had to respond.
Crossick and Haupt provide a major overview of the social,
economic, cultural and political development of the petite
bourgeoisie in modern Europe, a group until now largely neglected
by European social historians. Through comparative analysis the
authors examine issues such as the centrality of small enterprise
to industrial change, the importance of family and locality to the
petit-bourgeois world, the search for stability and status and the
associated political move to the right. Crossick and Haupt have
written an invaluable and authoritative assessment of the emergence
of a distinctive petit-bourgeois cultural and political identity.
It will be of interest to both undergraduate students and academic
historians.
First published in 1977. This book records the emergence of a lower
middle class in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. Victorian
society had always contained a marginal middle class of shopkeepers
and small businessmen, but in the closing decades of the nineteenth
century the growth of white-collar salaried occupations created a
new and distinctive force in the social structure. These essays
look at the place of the lower middle class within British society
and examine its ideals and values. Some essays concentrate on
occupational groups - clerks and shopkeepers - while others focus
on aspects of lower middle class life - religion, housing and
jingoism. This title will be of interest to students of history.
First published in 1995. Geoffrey Crossick and Heinz-Gerhard Haupt
provide a major overview of the social, economic, cultural and
political development of the petite bourgeoisie in eighteenth-,
nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. Through comparative
analysis the authors examine issues such as the centrality of small
enterprise to industrial change, the importance of family and
locality to the petit-bourgeois world, the search for stability and
status, and the associated political move to the right. This title
will be of interest to students of history.
First published in 1984. Shopkeepers and master artisans had a
striking presence in the history of nineteenth-century Europe, not
only in the development of industrial and urban economies, but also
the fabric of social life and the politics of protest. The
experience of 1848, the differing pace of various forms of
nationalism and liberalism and, at the end of the century, the
shift towards right-wing nationalist or Catholic political
movements reflected a developing 'crisis' in the petite
bourgeoisie. The essays examine the nature of this crisis and ask
critical questions about the social relations of the petite
bourgeoisie with the developing working classes. This book as a
whole provides a fresh and integrated approach to the world of
these shopkeepers and master artisans and illuminates much else
besides in the social history of nineteenth-century Europe.
First published in 1978. Mid-Victorian Britain was relatively
stable in comparison with the turbulent period that preceded it,
and that stability is in part explained by the emergence of an
artisan elite with a specific relationship to the society around
it. This book examines that elite: its clubs and societies,
co-operatives and building societies; its values and ideology,
challenging the notion that these artisans directly absorbed
middle-class values; its politics, tracing the evolution from
Chartism through the Reform League and on to a radical liberalism
which existed in constant tension with the local liberal middle
class. A careful reconstruction of the social, political and
industrial life of these artisans is set within the context of the
local communities, and their understanding of the mid-Victorian
society in which they lived is seen as the explanation for their
values and activities. This title makes a major contribution
towards our understanding of the nineteenth-century working class.
Modern industrial societies are the creation of forced of change
embedded in their pre-industrial and pre-capitalist past, forces
which have shaped their economic structures, their politics of
domination and resistance, their social ideas and relationships. In
this book a distinguished group of historians focuses on this
dialectal relationship between capitalism and its pre-capitalist
heritage, revealing the ways in which older forms - whether they be
social and economic structures and institutions, movements or
ideologies, rituals or vocabulary - help to shape new, and are
themselves reshaped in the process. The book thus develops a
central theme in the writing of Eric Hobsbawm, to whom these essays
are presented as a tribute on his retirement from Birkbeck College.
An additional essay provides a major reappraisal of Hobsbawm's
work. A number of different themes in modern European history are
discussed in the context of the interrelationship of capitalism and
the pre capitalist past. Several essays explore the history of the
working class, its ideas and strategies of resistance, in France,
Britain, Germany and Spain. Others discuss the place of landowners
and bankers in the European ruling classes, and the development of
central and eastern European societies. Their common concern is
with the power of the past over patterns of change, and as such
they are both a tribute to an outstanding British historian and a
major contribution to the analysis of modern European history.
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