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How can a region that is climate change hot-spot, and home of the
world's largest coal export port make a transition from 'Carbon
Valley' to a future 'Beyond Coal'? In Australia's Hunter Valley,
community distress about the cumulative local ecological and human
health impacts of mines and power stations and alarm about global
climate change has given rise to a vocal, growing and
globally-linked social movement that is challenging the rule of
King Coal, and demanding a transition from historic coal dependency
to a clean energy economy. Using complexity theory and
trans-disciplinary science, Geoff Evans explores the dialectics of
transformation across linked socio-ecological systems, and
identifies principles and political action needed to achieve a just
transition sustainability and climate justice - locally and
globally. He outlines key principles for just transition to an
ecological economy that protects vulnerable communities during
times of change. The research highlights the critical role of
boosting resilience and adaptive capacity, public investment in the
industries of the future, and of alliances between the climate
justice, environment and labour movements.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC
BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford
Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and
selected open access locations. Electoral Shocks: The Volatile
Voter in a Turbulent World offers a novel perspective on British
elections, focusing on the role of electoral shocks in the context
of increasing electoral volatility. It demonstrates and explains
the long-term trend in volatility, how shocks have contributed to
the level of electoral volatility, and also which parties have
benefited from the ensuing volatility. It follows in the tradition
of British Election Study books, providing a comprehensive account
of specific election outcomes- the General Elections of 2015 and
2017-and a more general and novel approach to understanding
electoral change. The authors examine five electoral shocks that
affected the elections of 2015 and 2017: the rise in immigration
after 2004, particularly from Eastern Europe; the Global Financial
Crisis prior to 2010; the coalition government of the Conservatives
and the Liberal Democrats between 2010 and 2015; the Scottish
Independence Referendum in 2014; and the European Union Referendum
in 2016. The focus on electoral shocks offers an overarching
explanation for the volatility in British elections, alongside the
long-term trends that have led to this point. It offers a way to
understand the rise and fall of the UK Independence Party (UKIP),
Labour's disappointing 2015 performance and its later unexpected
gains, the collapse in support for the Liberal Democrats, the
dramatic gains of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015, and
the continuing period of tumultuous politics that has followed the
EU referendum and the General Election of 2017. It provides a new
way of understanding electoral choice in Britain, and also beyond,
and a better understanding of the outcomes of recent elections.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC
BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford
Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and
selected open access locations. Electoral Shocks: The Volatile
Voter in a Turbulent World offers a novel perspective on British
elections, focusing on the role of electoral shocks in the context
of increasing electoral volatility. It demonstrates and explains
the long-term trend in volatility, how shocks have contributed to
the level of electoral volatility, and also which parties have
benefited from the ensuing volatility. It follows in the tradition
of British Election Study books, providing a comprehensive account
of specific election outcomes- the General Elections of 2015 and
2017-and a more general and novel approach to understanding
electoral change. The authors examine five electoral shocks that
affected the elections of 2015 and 2017: the rise in immigration
after 2004, particularly from Eastern Europe; the Global Financial
Crisis prior to 2010; the coalition government of the Conservatives
and the Liberal Democrats between 2010 and 2015; the Scottish
Independence Referendum in 2014; and the European Union Referendum
in 2016. The focus on electoral shocks offers an overarching
explanation for the volatility in British elections, alongside the
long-term trends that have led to this point. It offers a way to
understand the rise and fall of the UK Independence Party (UKIP),
Labour's disappointing 2015 performance and its later unexpected
gains, the collapse in support for the Liberal Democrats, the
dramatic gains of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015, and
the continuing period of tumultuous politics that has followed the
EU referendum and the General Election of 2017. It provides a new
way of understanding electoral choice in Britain, and also beyond,
and a better understanding of the outcomes of recent elections.
Political Choice Matters investigates the extent to which class and
religion influence party choice in contemporary democracies. Rather
than the commonly-assumed process in which a weakening of social
boundaries leads to declining social divisions in political
preferences, this book's primary message is that the supply of
choices by parties influences the extent of such divisions: hence,
political choice matters. Combining overtime, cross-national data,
and multi-level research designs the authors show how policy and
programmatic positions adopted by parties provide voters with
choice sets that accentuate or diminish the strength of political
cleavages. The book gives central place to the positions of
political parties on left-right, economically redistributive and
morally conservative versus social liberal dimensions. Evidence on
these positions is obtained primarily from the Comparative
Manifesto Project, with a chapter dedicated to elaborating and
validating the various implementations of this uniquely valuable
source of evidence on party positions. The primary empirical focus
includes case studies of 11 Western, Southern, and Central European
societies as well as 'anglo-democracies' including Britain, USA,
Canada, and Australia. These detailed analyses of election studies
ranging in some cases from the post-war period until the early part
of the 21st century are augmented by a pooled cross-national and
overtime analysis of 15 Western democracies using a unique,
combined dataset of 188 national surveys. The authors show that
although there has been some overtime decline in the strength of
association between social class and party choice, this is far
smaller than the amount of change in the relationship occurring as
a result of party movements on questions of inequality and
redistribution. The strength of the religiosity cleavage is also
influenced by changes in party positions on moral issues - changes
that can be understood as a strategic response to a process of
secularization that has weakened the electoral viability of parties
deriving support from appeals to religious values.
The last few decades has seen a prolonged debate over the nature
and importance of social class as a basis for ideology, class
voting and class politics. The prevailing assumption is that, in
western societies, class inequalities are no longer important in
determining political behaviour. In The End of Class Politics?
leading scholars from the US, UK and Europe argue that the evidence
on which the assumptions about the decline importance of class is
based is unfounded. Instead, the book argues that the class basis
of political competition has to some degree evolved, but not
declined. Furthermore, the social basis of political competition
and sweeping claims about the new politics of postindustrial
society need to be re-examined.
The End of Class Politics? challenges the prevailing view that class is no longer important in politics. Drawing upon evidence from around the world, the book argues that we need to radically reconsider the political role of class in the postindustrial world.
Did Labour's landslide victory in 1997 mark a critical watershed in
British party politics? Did the radical break with 18 years of
Conservative rule reflect a fundamental change in the social and
ideological basis of British voting behaviour?
Critical Elections brings together leading scholars of parties,
elections and voting behaviour to provide the first systematic
overview of long-term change in British electoral politics.
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