This volume explores three recent challenges the military faces: changing missions, changing socio-economic and demographic conditions, and end of conscription. The military will have to change its view of the world, the nature of conflicts and its profession considerably.

The present anthology stems from the perception of a widespread and manifest uneasiness concerning the business of military intervention in our times. Indeed, the West is for quite some time engaged in a deep introspection about his military intervention policies in the years to come and reflects about this. What will Western military intervention policies look like in the future; what kind of military intervention policies is wanted and what kind of military intervention policies is financially, politically and socio-culturally possible and militarily feasible? The hypothesis pursued in this volume states that, in the foreseeable future, we may see a different kind of military intervention policy and intervention posture of the West that will lead to different military interventions. It may be argued that we are witnessing the dawn of a new era, the era of military post-interventionism.

It is an honor for us to introduce this collection of essays, which is dedicated to an old friend and colleague who is no longer with us. It is an honor, but also a pleasure because we feel like continuing a dialogue with Jurgen; one that has never broken down over the years, revisiting and recalling the diff- ent places and occasions where we met, discussed, collaborated and had fun. We, that is, Giuseppe Caforio, Christopher Dandeker and Gerhard Kummel who have been friends and/or colleagues of and research collaborators with Jurgen and who represent three prominent institutions and organizations with which Jurgen worked, felt that this book is something we owe to Jurgen and we are grateful that many people who at different times and at different places had contact with Jurgen and his work were willing to contribute a chapter to this anthology. Most of Jurgen's studies, professional work and research activities took place at the Bundeswehr Institute of Social Sciences (SOWI). Jurgen, born in 1938, had joined the Bundeswehr in 1957 and had already worked at the SOWI's predecessor institution, the Scientific Institute for Education in the Armed Forces from 1971 onwards after having finished his university? st- ies. Since this institute was renamed SOWI in 1974, Jurgen belonged to the first generation of researchers that worked at the SOWI.

The debate about the role of women in war, violent conflict and the military is not only a long and ongoing one; it is also a heated and controversial one. The contributions to this anthology come from experts in the field who approach the topic from various angles thus offering different and, at times, diverging perspectives. The reader will therefore gain in-depth insight into the most important aspects and positions in the debate.

Private Sicherheits- und Militarunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen ausserordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phanomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist gross. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstutzung uber Aufklarung bis hin zu Kampfeinsatzen. Zu ihren Kunden zahlen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitare Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwartig lasst sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualitat wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafur, dass Beschaftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beitrage des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militarunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstande, die ihren Boom befoerdert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tatigkeit dieser Unternehmen starker reglementieren und kontrollieren koennten.

The study of armed forces and conflict resolution has undergone important developments at the turn of the millennium, driven by emerging events. The fall of the Berlin Wall, the end of the Cold War, the resurgence of nationalism and religious wars, ethnic cleansing, September Eleven, the War on Terror, and asymmetric warfare, the United Nations' inability to manage and successfully conclude military operations, are so many flash points of how much things have changed since the Cold War. The action of militaries has become more important, more difficult, more controversial, and, at the same time, insufficient, without parallel methods and political actions for resolving conflicts. As scholars conceptions of conflicts have changed, so have their understanding of conflict resolution and peace. This latter scholarship now spans analyses of the role of governments, civil institutions, and organized groups. The studies of building and sustaining peace now span institutional, inter-actional, and interpersonal levels in order to conceptualize a more holistic, long-term vision of peace.This book brings together contributions from scholars of various social science disciplines on three themes that appeared significant for the study of the phenomenon of conflict and conflict resolution. The first theme is centered on the new aspects of war in the twenty-first century where asymmetric warfare has changed many rules of the game, imposing a profound transformation on the military, not only tactical, but also structural, preparatory, mental and ideological.The second theme regards the delicate relations between the armed forces and societies. The ever-greater technicality of military operations and their lower comprehensibility to the broad public as a result, together with increased sensitivity in many countries in regard to the use of violence and death, have created social situations and problems that deserve to be investigated. The third theme, building and sustaining peace, operationalizes different types and levels of violence and conflict. It assesses ongoing efforts, for instance, governments trying to contain or diffuse conflict, businesses and national service schemes building peaceful civil spheres, and the efforts of organized groups to claim, shape, and extend the spheres of life that are free of conflict.

The authors of this collection combine different national and institutional perspectives. They cover a broad range of subjects: new threats to Europe's security, the advantages and disadvantages of the present security architecture in Europe, the problem of nuclear weapons and their control, the options for enlargement and partnership for peace, the shifts in Europeans' public opinion about security matters, and the prospects for a European defence industry. This collection provides an incomparable synthesis of some of the most crucial problems for the emergence of Europe as an independent actor in international politics.

Angelika Dorfler-Dierken & Gerhard Kummel 1 Einleitung Der Soldatenberuf erlebt seit einiger Zeit eine nachhaltige Re- und Neude- nition. Denn vor dem Hintergrund eines erweiterten Sicherheitsbegriffs, der beispielsweise mit einer Responsibility to Protect argumentiert und Krieg, so die Diktion von Ulrich Beck, zu Frieden werden lasst, der die Forderung der Stabilisierung fragiler Staaten erhebt, den Wiederaufbau von Staaten in Nachkriegssituationen plant, die Reform staatlicher Systeme und Instrumente zur Verbesserung der Leistungsfahigkeit staatlicher Sicherheitsorgane ab- chert und anderen Staaten in Burgerkriegssituationen hilft, deren staatliches Gewaltmonopol durchzusetzen, sollen Soldatinnen und Soldaten heute ka- fende, abschreckende, deeskalierende und humanitar und sozialarbeiterisch tatige Individuen und anderes mehr sein, und das alles am besten noch gleichzeitig. Diese und weitere Herausforderungen werden von der Politik an die S- datinnen und Soldaten der westlichen Welt herangetragen und stellen fur sie eine grosse Herausforderung dar. Sowohl die UNO wie auch die NATO und die EU begrunden Militareinsatze entsprechend, und zunehmend wird auch die Bundeswehr vom deutschen Parlament mit Kriseninterventionsmassn- men und Peacebuilding-Aufgaben betraut. Statt als abschreckungsorientierte Vaterlandsverteidiger, die sich gelegentlich (auch) an humanitaren Massn- men beteiligen, mussen sie nun ein viel breiteres Aufgaben- und Rollenspe- rum bei der Erfullung ihrer Auftrage abdecken konnen."