The study of armed forces and conflict resolution has undergone
important developments at the turn of the millennium, driven by
emerging events. The fall of the Berlin Wall, the end of the Cold
War, the resurgence of nationalism and religious wars, ethnic
cleansing, September Eleven, the War on Terror, and asymmetric
warfare, the United Nations' inability to manage and successfully
conclude military operations, are so many flash points of how much
things have changed since the Cold War. The action of militaries
has become more important, more difficult, more controversial, and,
at the same time, insufficient, without parallel methods and
political actions for resolving conflicts. As scholars conceptions
of conflicts have changed, so have their understanding of conflict
resolution and peace. This latter scholarship now spans analyses of
the role of governments, civil institutions, and organized groups.
The studies of building and sustaining peace now span
institutional, inter-actional, and interpersonal levels in order to
conceptualize a more holistic, long-term vision of peace.This book
brings together contributions from scholars of various social
science disciplines on three themes that appeared significant for
the study of the phenomenon of conflict and conflict resolution.
The first theme is centered on the new aspects of war in the
twenty-first century where asymmetric warfare has changed many
rules of the game, imposing a profound transformation on the
military, not only tactical, but also structural, preparatory,
mental and ideological.The second theme regards the delicate
relations between the armed forces and societies. The ever-greater
technicality of military operations and their lower
comprehensibility to the broad public as a result, together with
increased sensitivity in many countries in regard to the use of
violence and death, have created social situations and problems
that deserve to be investigated. The third theme, building and
sustaining peace, operationalizes different types and levels of
violence and conflict. It assesses ongoing efforts, for instance,
governments trying to contain or diffuse conflict, businesses and
national service schemes building peaceful civil spheres, and the
efforts of organized groups to claim, shape, and extend the spheres
of life that are free of conflict.
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