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The major significance of the German naturalist-physician Johann
Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840) as a topic of historical study is
the fact that he was one of the first anthropologists to
investigate humankind as part of natural history. Moreover,
Blumenbach was, and continues to be, a central figure in debates
about race and racism. How exactly did Blumenbach define race and
races? What were his scientific criteria? And which cultural values
did he bring to bear on his scheme? Little historical work has been
done on Blumenbach's fundamental, influential race work. From his
own time till today, several different pronouncements have been
made by either followers or opponents, some accusing Blumenbach of
being the fountainhead of scientific racism. By contrast, across
early nineteenth-century Europe, not least in France, Blumenbach
was lionized as an anti-racist whose work supported the unity of
humankind and the abolition of slavery. This collection of essays
considers how, with Blumenbach and those around him, the study of
natural history and, by extension, that of science came to dominate
the Western discourse of race.
The major significance of the German naturalist-physician Johann
Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840) as a topic of historical study is
the fact that he was one of the first anthropologists to
investigate humankind as part of natural history. Moreover,
Blumenbach was, and continues to be, a central figure in debates
about race and racism. How exactly did Blumenbach define race and
races? What were his scientific criteria? And which cultural values
did he bring to bear on his scheme? Little historical work has been
done on Blumenbach's fundamental, influential race work. From his
own time till today, several different pronouncements have been
made by either followers or opponents, some accusing Blumenbach of
being the fountainhead of scientific racism. By contrast, across
early nineteenth-century Europe, not least in France, Blumenbach
was lionized as an anti-racist whose work supported the unity of
humankind and the abolition of slavery. This collection of essays
considers how, with Blumenbach and those around him, the study of
natural history and, by extension, that of science came to dominate
the Western discourse of race.
Das Werk des eigenwilligen Philosophen und Gesellschaftskritikers
Constantin Brunner (1862 1937) hat in den letzten Jahren eine
vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit vor allem in der Kulturgeschichte
gefunden. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beitrage diskutieren
Brunners oft provokante Thesen und ihre vielfaltigen Wirkungen in
zeitgenossischen philosophischen und kulturgeschichtlichen
Kontexten zwischen Kaiserreich, Weimarer Republik und Exil."
Thomas Mann is regarded as the best-known representative of modern
German literature. This exceptional status is the result of very
conscious work on his own profile. How did Thomas Mann manage to
achieve this status as the representative of German literature?
Which categories did he use to reflect on his role as a writer? And
which alliances or conflicts determined the perception he had of
himself and others had of him? What was the part played by his
publishers, by German scholars and journalists in the augmentation
of his fame? The answers to these questions show how Thomas Mann
and both his patrons and his rivals worked to invent him as a
writer. They open a new perspective on Thomas Mann and his work.
The concept of "literature" is notoriously vague and defies
definition, yet at the same time it is indispensable in an age
where traditional subject boundaries are breaking down. This volume
discusses possible ways of defining the concept in such a manner
that it can be productively deployed heuristically in varied
historical and cultural contexts. At the same time, phenomena such
as fictionality and literaricity are taken as the starting point
for a search for common features of literature. The following
topics are dealt with: 1. Aspects of 'Literature' as a prototype,
2. Fictionality, 3. Historical aspects of the phenomenon of
'Literature', 4. Cultural and social aspects of the phenomenon of
'Literature', 5. The constitution of literature as an object in
literary studies.
In the last few years, education and nationalization,
marginalization and re-integration of religious, social and ethnic
groups have been accorded special attention in the research
undertaken by a number of different disciplines. In the form of a
dialogue between literary and historical studies, the present
volume reflects on modernization processes from a historical
perspective and attempts to trace the emergence of the
corresponding conceptual instruments between 1850 and 1918. The
volume assembles the contributions to a colloquium held in 1995 in
honor of Wolfgang FrA1/4hwald's 60th birthday. The first group of
papers centers around the problem of the construction of Nation and
of the identity of the 'educated classes' via language and
aesthetic anthropology. The second group gravitates around
education and denomination from the angle of literary studies and
social history.
The volume Regeln der Bedeutung ('Rules of meaning') marks the
launch of REVISIONEN, a projected series of some eight volumes on
basic concepts of literary theory. The series aims to reflect on
central concepts of literary studies which have become questionable
or problematic in the course of recent debates and to open up new
perspectives on them in order to make them available for research
in a new manner. Such concepts include, for example, 'meaning',
'literature', 'interpretation'. The series takes an
interdisciplinary approach, drawing not only on literary theory but
also on art history, music, philosophy, linguistics, and
psychology.
The project of writing a social history of literature is generally
held to have exhausted its potential. Yet the general practice of
literary studies still encompasses socio-historical issues like the
relationship between literary texts and their social environment,
studies on the distribution of literature, questions pertaining to
the historical and social status of authors and readers. The
articles in this volume essay a stock-taking of the (now
historical) paradigm 'social history of literature' and by engaging
critically with approaches from cultural studies and media theory
outline new concepts for literary studies 'after social history'.
Theoretical debate has declared the author obsolete. In practice,
however, certain usages of the author concept are repeatedly
demonstrated as being legitimate. This discrepancy suggests that
theoretical reflection on the author fails to do justice to central
forms of the scholarly approach to literature. The articles in this
volume take both systematic and historical perspectives on this
controversial term in an attempt to accurately reconstruct the
history of the concept and to analyze the problem constellations
generated by it in practice. The discussion also extends to
non-literary media such as film, music, art, and hypertexts.
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