Progress in Psychological Science around the World, Volumes 1 and 2, present the main contributions from the 28th International Congress of Psychology, held in Beijing in 2004. These expert contributions include the Nobel laureate address, the Presidential address, and the Keynote and State-of-the-Art lectures. They are written by international leaders in psychology from 25 countries and regions around the world. The authors present a variety of approaches and perspectives that reflect cutting-edge advances in psychological science. This second volume builds on the coverage of neural, cognitive, and developmental issues from the first volume, to address social and applied issues in modern psychology. The topics covered include: educational psychology and measurement, health psychology, and social and cultural psychology. Organizational, applied, and international psychology are also discussed. Progress in Psychological Science around the World, with its broad coverage of psychological research and practice, and its highly select group of world renowned authors, will be invaluable for researchers, professionals, teachers, and students in the field of psychology.

"Progress in Psychological Science around the World," Volumes 1 and 2, present the main contributions from the 28th International Congress of Psychology, held in Beijing in 2004. These expert contributions include the Nobel laureate address, the Presidential address, and the Keynote and State-of-the-Art lectures. They are written by international leaders in psychology from 25 countries and regions around the world. The authors present a variety of approaches and perspectives that reflect cutting-edge advances in psychological science.
This second volume builds on the coverage of neural, cognitive, and developmental issues from the first volume, to addresses social and applied issues in modern psychology. The topics covered include: educational psychology and measurement, health psychology, and social and cultural psychology. Organizational, applied, and international psychology are also discussed.
"Progress in Psychological Science around the World," with its broad coverage of psychological research and practice, and its highly select group of world renowned authors, will be invaluable for researchers, professionals, teachers, and students in the field of psychology

Among the scientific advances over the last one hundred years, those in psychological science rank among the most prolific and revealing. The analyses of human intelligence and cognition, of human consciousness and self-awareness, of human memory and learning, and of human personality structure have opened up new avenues towards a deeper understanding of the human nature, the human mind, and its evolution. These new insights, whilst meeting high standards of research methodology, have also given rise to a conceptual grid which connects hitherto divergent lines of research in the human and behavioral sciences, leading up to present-day neuroscience. The Editors, both past presidents of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), bring together a distinguished panel of international experts in the attempt to unravel, in a comparative cross-cultural and historical approach, changing contents and functions of psychological key concepts (such as intelligence, cognition, mind and the self). Their findings help to guide psychological theorizing, psychological experimentation and field research, and in so doing they apply behavioral science insights to the improvement of human affairs. Prepared under the aegis of the International Union of Psychological Science, the book exemplifies a concept-driven international history of psychological science. With its team of distinguished researchers from four continents, Psychological Concepts: An International Historical Perspective outlines the history of psychology in a truly innovative way.

This book brings together both theoretical and empirical research directed toward the role of strategies in deductive reasoning. It offers the first systematic attempt to discuss the role of strategies for deductive reasoning. The empirical chapters correspond well with the main issues in the study of deduction, namely propositional reasoning, spatial reasoning, and syllogistic reasoning. In addition, several chapters present a theoretical analysis of deduction, related to the concept strategy. The book also presents data about the role of strategies for statistical and social reasoning. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of cognitive psychology. It will also be of value to people working in Artificial Intelligence, because it highlights results on how humans use strategies while tackling deductive puzzles.

This book brings together both theoretical and empirical research directed toward the role of strategies in deductive reasoning. It offers the first systematic attempt to discuss the role of strategies for deductive reasoning. The empirical chapters correspond well with the main issues in the study of deduction, namely propositional reasoning, spatial reasoning, and syllogistic reasoning. In addition, several chapters present a theoretical analysis of deduction, related to the concept strategy. The book also presents data about the role of strategies for statistical and social reasoning.
This book will be of interest to researchers and students of cognitive psychology. It will also be of value to people working in Artificial Intelligence, because it highlights results on how humans use strategies while tackling deductive puzzles.

The essays appearing in these two volumes are based on Keynote (Vol. 1) and State-of-the-Art (Vol. 2) Lectures delivered at the XXVth International Congress of Psychology, in Brussels, July 1992. The Brussels Congress was the latest in a series of conferences which are organized at regular intervals under the auspices of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), the main international organization in the field of Scientific Psychology. The first of those meetings took place in Paris in 1889. An important function of the International Congresses is to promote communication between different specializations in Psychology. Speakers were therefore asked to present lectures and discussions in their own fields of study, in a way that would be accessible to fellow psychologists active in other fields. State-of-the-Art lecturers were specifically asked to prepare a tutorial review on a topic which, in the view of the Program Committee, had recently given rise to particularly important developments. These contributions are included in Volume Two. Keynote lecturers were left free to address whatever subject they felt was of greatest interest. The chapters in Volume 1 are preceded by the Presidential Address by Mark R. Rosenzweig.

Progress in Psychological Science around the World, Volumes 1 and 2, present the main contributions from the 28th International Congress of Psychology, held in Beijing in 2004. These expert contributions include the Nobel laureate address, the Presidential address, and the Keynote and State-of-the-Art lectures. They are written by international leaders in psychology from 25 countries and regions around the world. The authors present a variety of approaches and perspectives that reflect cutting-edge advances in psychological science. This first volume addresses neural, cognitive, and developmental issues in contemporary psychology. It includes chapters on learning, memory, and motivation, cognitive neuroscience, and attention, emotion, and language, and covers life-span developmental psychology. Volume 2 goes on to discuss social and applied issues in modern psychology. Progress in Psychological Science around the World, with its broad coverage of psychological research and practice, and its highly select group of world renowned authors, will be invaluable for researchers, professionals, teachers, and students in the field of psychology.

The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning presents theoretical and empirical research on an area of growing interest, the status of mental models in deductive reasoning. As research in the framework of the mental models theory flourishes, this book answers a need to assess the contribution of the notion of training and content. It covers the central issues of propositional, relational, causal and probabilistic reasoning, and argumentation and development. In addition, this work presents data regarding strategies, argumentation, and the development of reasoning. Special features of this text include: *sharp theoretical analyses as well as important new empirical data offered by theorists who work in the framework of the mental models theory; *a critical and empirically driven account of content effects in conditional and linear reasoning; and *an original account on the influence of pragmatics on reasoning. The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning will be of interest to researchers and advanced students of cognitive psychology, and will be valuable to individuals working in Artificial Intelligence, as it highlights theoretical and empirical data on how humans use mental models when tackling deductive puzzles.

"Progress in Psychological Science around the World," Volumes 1 and 2, present the main contributions from the 28th International Congress of Psychology, held in Beijing in 2004. These expert contributions include the Nobel laureate address, the Presidential address, and the Keynote and State-of-the-Art lectures. They are written by international leaders in psychology from 25 countries and regions around the world. The authors present a variety of approaches and perspectives that reflect cutting-edge advances in psychological science.
This first volume addresses neural, cognitive, and developmental issues in contemporary psychology. It includes chapters on learning, memory, and motivation, cognitive neuroscience, and attention, emotion, and language, and covers life-span developmental psychology. Volume 2 goes on to discuss social and applied issues in modern psychology.
"Progress in Psychological Science around the World," with its broad coverage of psychological research and practice, and its highly select group of world renowned authors, will be invaluable for researchers, professionals, teachers, and students in the field of psychology.

The papers in this book are the result of the NATO conference "Cognitive Modelling and Inter active Environments" that was held in Mierlo, the Netherlands, November 5 - 8, 1990. Within the framework of the NATO Advanced Research Workshops this invitational conference was naturally on learning, but it emphasized a number of factors that are not generally treated in dis cussions on learning and specifically in computer-assisted learning. It was realized by the orig inators of the conference that, with respect to computer-assisted instruction, the stage has not nearly been reached where it is well known how a successful interactive instructional environ ment has to be created. This contrasts strongly with the sheer number of computerized learning programs that exist already and continue to be produced. Frequently the motivation to create a computer-assisted learning program is heavily connected with a scientific discipline. Logically it is the proper task for instructional science to produce instructional programs. The high degree of formalization in linguistics allows one often in a straightforward way, to au tomate learning programs for language instruction. Artificial intelligence, in its endeavour to capture basic principles of knowledge representation and knowledge acquisition, leads naturally to Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Computer science is the logical breeding ground for programs that manipulate knowledge for many different students, that register actions reliably, and that automate parts of time-intensive teaching tasks. The joint concern of all of these approaches is the transfer of knowledge.

The essays appearing in these two volumes are based on Keynote (Vol. 1) and State-of-the-Art (Vol. 2) Lectures delivered at the XXVth International Congress of Psychology, in Brussels, July 1992. The Brussels Congress was the latest in a series of conferences which are organized at regular intervals under the auspices of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), the main international organization in the field of Scientific Psychology. The first of those meetings took place in Paris in 1889. An important function of the International Congresses is to promote communication between different specializations in Psychology. Speakers were therefore asked to present lectures and discussions in their own fields of study, in a way that would be accessible to fellow psychologists active in other fields. State-of-the-Art lecturers were specifically asked to prepare a tutorial review on a topic which, in the view of the Program Committee, had recently given rise to particularly important developments. These contributions are included in Volume Two. Keynote lecturers were left free to address whatever subject they felt was of greatest interest. The chapters in Volume 1 are preceded by the Presidential Address by Mark R. Rosenzweig.

Among the scientific advances over the last one hundred years, those in psychological science rank among the most prolific and revealing. The analyses of human intelligence and cognition, of human consciousness and self-awareness, of human memory and learning, and of human personality structure have opened up new avenues towards a deeper understanding of the human nature, the human mind, and its evolution. These new insights, whilst meeting high standards of research methodology, have also given rise to a conceptual grid which connects hitherto divergent lines of research in the human and behavioral sciences, leading up to present-day neuroscience. The Editors, both past presidents of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), bring together a distinguished panel of international experts in the attempt to unravel, in a comparative cross-cultural and historical approach, changing contents and functions of psychological key concepts (such as intelligence, cognition, mind and the self). Their findings help to guide psychological theorizing, psychological experimentation and field research, and in so doing they apply behavioral science insights to the improvement of human affairs. Prepared under the aegis of the International Union of Psychological Science, the book exemplifies a concept-driven international history of psychological science. With its team of distinguished researchers from four continents, Psychological Concepts: An International Historical Perspective outlines the history of psychology in a truly innovative way.

"The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning" presents theoretical and empirical research on an area of growing interest, the status of mental models in deductive reasoning. As research in the framework of the mental models theory flourishes, this book answers a need to assess the contribution of the notion of training and content. It covers the central issues of propositional, relational, causal and probabilistic reasoning, and argumentation and development. In addition, this work presents data regarding strategies, argumentation, and the development of reasoning.
 
Special features of this text include:
*sharp theoretical analyses as well as important new empirical data offered by theorists who work in the framework of the mental models theory;
*a critical and empirically driven account of content effects in conditional and linear reasoning; and
*an original account on the influence of pragmatics on reasoning.
 
"The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning "will be of interest to researchers and advanced students of cognitive psychology, and will be valuable to individuals working in Artificial Intelligence, as it highlights theoretical and empirical data on how humans use mental models when tackling deductive puzzles.