Drawing upon current cutting-edge theories, knowledge and research findings, this Handbook provides an analysis of the interaction between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), entrepreneurs and financial institutions globally. The contributors consider regional and international perspectives within and between Europe, North America, New Zealand, the Middle East, as well as South, Central and East Asia on a chapter-by-chapter basis. In so doing, they provide a contextualized, up-to-date snapshot of research into entrepreneurial finance across the world. This book is aimed at both established and emergent researchers, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students looking for avenues of future research into entrepreneurial finance. It will also be of use to policymakers and practitioners seeking a global perspective in their work. Contributors: M. Akoorie, H. Al-Dajani, R. Baldock, Z. Bika, T. Botelho, C.G. Brush, D. Deakins, D. Demirba , S. Demirba , L.F. Edelman, R.T. Harrison, S. Heilbrunn, J.G. Hussain, N. Kushnirovich, J. Li, C. Mac an Bhaird, S. Mahmood, T.S. Manolova, C. Mason, H. Matlay, M. Nitani, D. North, I. Peiris, A. Riding, N. Sandhu, J.M. Scott, P. Sinha, M. Subalova, S. Talbot, G. Whittam

The purpose of this book is to develop capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. The book contains chapters on how to functionally reverse engineer strategic and non-strategic computer numerical control machinery. Numerous engineering areas, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer hardware and software engineering, are covered. The book offers guidelines and covers design for machine tools, prototyping, augmented reality for machine tools, modern communication strategies, and enterprises of functional reverse engineering, along with case studies. Features Presents capacity building in machine tool development Discusses engineering design for machine tools Covers prototyping of strategic and non-strategic machine tools Illustrates augmented reality for machine tools Includes Internet of Things (IoT) for machine tools

This book describes capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. It includes machine building in sectors such as machine tools, automobiles, home appliances, energy, and biomedical engineering, along with case studies. The book offers guidelines for capacity building in academia, covering how to promote enterprises of functional reverse engineering enterprises. It also discusses machine tool development, engineering design, prototyping of strategic, and non-strategies machine tools, as well as presenting communication strategies and IoT, along with case studies. Professionals from the CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machine tools industry, industrial and manufacturing engineers, and students and faculty in engineering disciplines will find interest in this book.

Drawing upon current cutting-edge theories, knowledge and research findings, this Handbook provides an analysis of the interaction between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), entrepreneurs and financial institutions globally. The contributors consider regional and international perspectives within and between Europe, North America, New Zealand, the Middle East, as well as South, Central and East Asia on a chapter-by-chapter basis. In so doing, they provide a contextualized, up-to-date snapshot of research into entrepreneurial finance across the world. This book is aimed at both established and emergent researchers, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students looking for avenues of future research into entrepreneurial finance. It will also be of use to policymakers and practitioners seeking a global perspective in their work. Contributors: M. Akoorie, H. Al-Dajani, R. Baldock, Z. Bika, T. Botelho, C.G. Brush, D. Deakins, D. Demirba , S. Demirba , L.F. Edelman, R.T. Harrison, S. Heilbrunn, J.G. Hussain, N. Kushnirovich, J. Li, C. Mac an Bhaird, S. Mahmood, T.S. Manolova, C. Mason, H. Matlay, M. Nitani, D. North, I. Peiris, A. Riding, N. Sandhu, J.M. Scott, P. Sinha, M. Subalova, S. Talbot, G. Whittam

This book introduces the applications of Industry 4.0 in machine tools through an overview of the latest available digital technologies. It focuses on digital twining, communication between industrial controls, motion, and input/output devices, along with sustainability in SMEs. Machine Tools: An Industry 4.0 Perspective focuses on the digital twining of machine tools, which improves the life of the machines and provides a method of operating a factory during times of complete lockdown resulting from various conditions. It presents an overview of the communication between industrial controls, motion, and input/output devices through standardized digital interfaces such as SERCOS and USB. The book goes on to discuss industrial cybersecurity systems applicable to discrete manufacturing, which includes cyberattacks and human errors, and address the security aspects related to software, hardware, and data. The book also explores the application of big data for different stages of production and illustrates the uses such as predictive maintenance, product quality, product life cycle management (PLM), and more. This book is an ideal reference for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students of industrial, mechanical, and mechatronics engineering, along with professionals, and general readers.

The purpose of this book is to develop capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. The book contains chapters on how to functionally reverse engineer strategic and non-strategic computer numerical control machinery. Numerous engineering areas, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer hardware and software engineering, are covered. The book offers guidelines and covers design for machine tools, prototyping, augmented reality for machine tools, modern communication strategies, and enterprises of functional reverse engineering, along with case studies. Features Presents capacity building in machine tool development Discusses engineering design for machine tools Covers prototyping of strategic and non-strategic machine tools Illustrates augmented reality for machine tools Includes Internet of Things (IoT) for machine tools

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are considered causative factors in various neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Antioxidants are chemicals that bind with oxidative species and nullify their effect from causing damage to biological molecules. Endogenous antioxidants are produced by our body, however most of them are obtained from external sources, primarily through diet, called dietary antioxidants. Major sources of antioxidants are brightly colored fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and herbs. Other very effective sources are berries, green tea, and dark chocolate. These compounds have the potential to hinder neurodegeneration, reduce neuronal death and improve memory as well as cognitive functions. Based on the complex nature of antioxidants and oxidative stress, particular antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C or β-carotene are beneficial in protecting cells, organs and tissues against oxidative damage. The Role of Natural Antioxidants in Brain Disorders describes various neuroprotective effects and their physiological phenomenon mediated by antioxidants to maintain and regulate the general health biomarkers against brain disorders. The important role of antioxidants, diet and lifestyle in managing brain disorders is covered, as is their use in conjunction with conventional therapies against oxidative stress. Both exogenous and endogenous antioxidants are explored in full. By focusing on the role of oxidative stress as a triggering mechanism for various brain disorders and the use of antioxidant foods in conjunction with traditional therapies in combating and preventing them, this is a valuable source for researchers in food science, nutrition, health science and physiology.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important cereal crop and staple food of people of Pakistan. It occupies the first position in area amongst the cereal crops and covers about 65% of food crop area in Pakistan. Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are cosmopolitan insects that are associated with stored grains. The red flour beetle feed only on flour and broken kernels. In addition to grain they attack dried feeds, dry fruits, pulses and prepared cereal foods such as cornflakes and numerous other stored food products. Flour beetles contaminate wheat and other cereal products by their feces and cast -off exoskeleton. The odors that they leave and discoloration of white cereal products to a dirty gray. Both the larva and the adult cause damage. Chemicals are quite harmful and very expensive and cause many human health problems. Keeping in view the importance of these problems, present studies were under taken as an attempt to find out the inherent and comparative resistance of different wheat varieties against Red flour beetles, which could be utilized in developing wheat varieties resistance against this pest in future

Earias vitella Fab.(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is widely distributed in North Africa, India, Pakistan and is a serious pest of cotton. It causes heavy damage to the American cotton and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), and some other malvaceous plants. Considering the economic importance of spotted bollworm in our agro ecosystem, an investigation has been carried out to examine the ecotoxicological effects of agrochemicals on the biological parameters of E. vitella (F). Five agrochemicals were applied e.g. Salicylic acid, Pix, Cyhalothrin, Match, Runner, respectively. It may be concluded that among the five agrochemicals evaluation, Match and cyhalothrin were more toxic and have long lasting effects on biological parameters of E. vitella (Fab.) in the laboratory conditions. It is suggested that match and cyhalothrin are the two more toxic insecticides.These should be avoided on vegetables and other crops. Biological and cultural control methods should be practiced for better and safe environment