Periodontitis is a disease characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment and bone around the teeth in conjunction with the formation of periodontal pockets due to the apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Early diagnosis and treatment of progressive periodontitis is important because of the irreversible nature of this disease. Clinical measurements used in diagnosis of periodontal diseases are often of limited usefulness in that they are indications of previous periodontal disease rather than the present disease activity. Diagnostic biomarkers in oral fluids like saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are highly beneficial in the determination of current periodontal status. These substances known as biomarkers help in determination of inflammatory mediator levels.

Periodontology has a rich background of research and efficient use of this wealth of research data needs to be integrated in periodontal practice. Evidence-based periodontology aims to facilitate such an approach, accelerating the introduction of best research into patient care. The evidence-based approach strives to strengthen clinical experience through the systematic evaluation of information, which allows the clinician to benefit from the amassed data. One must be cautious about interpreting information primarily derived from clinical experience and intuition or poorly designed studies because it can be misleading and/or harmful.

Dental implant is defined as a prosthetic device or alloplastic material implanted into oral tissues beneath the mucosal or periosteal tissues, and on\or with in the bone to provide retention and support for fixed or removal prosthesis. The goal of modern dentistry is to restore the stomatognathic system to normal function, comfort, esthetics, speech and health regardless of the atrophy, disease or injury. As a result of continued research in dental implant designs, materials and techniques, predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many challenging clinical situations.