This monograph presents the mathematical description and numerical computation of the high-frequency diffracted wave by an immersed elastic wave with normal incidence. The mathematical analysis is based on the explicit description of the principal symbol of the pseudo-differential operator connected with the coupled linear problem elasticity/fluid by the wedge interface. This description is subsequently used to derive an accurate numerical computation of diffraction diagrams for different incoming waves in the fluid, and for different wedge angles. The method can be applied to any problem of coupled waves by a wedge interface. This work is of interest for any researcher concerned with high frequency wave scattering, especially mathematicians, acousticians, engineers.

This monograph explores applications of Carleman estimates in the study of stabilization and controllability properties of partial differential equations, including the stabilization property of the damped wave equation and the null-controllability of the heat equation.  All analysis is performed in the case of open sets in the Euclidean space; a second volume will extend this treatment to Riemannian manifolds. The first three chapters illustrate the derivation of Carleman estimates using pseudo-differential calculus with a large parameter.  Continuation issues are then addressed, followed by a proof of the logarithmic stabilization of the damped wave equation by means of two alternative proofs of the resolvent estimate for the generator of a damped wave semigroup.  The authors then discuss null-controllability of the heat equation, its equivalence with observability, and how the spectral inequality allows one to either construct a control function or prove the observability inequality.  The final part of the book is devoted to the exposition of some necessary background material: the theory of distributions, invariance under change of variables, elliptic operators with Dirichlet data and associated semigroup, and some elements from functional analysis and semigroup theory.

This monograph explores applications of Carleman estimates in the study of stabilization and controllability properties of partial differential equations, including quantified unique continuation, logarithmic stabilization of the wave equation, and null-controllability of the heat equation.  Where the first volume derived these estimates in regular open sets in Euclidean space and Dirichlet boundary conditions, here they are extended to Riemannian manifolds and more general boundary conditions. The book begins with the study of Lopatinskii-Sapiro boundary conditions for the Laplace-Beltrami operator, followed by derivation of Carleman estimates for this operator on Riemannian manifolds.  Applications of Carleman estimates are explored next: quantified unique continuation issues, a proof of the logarithmic stabilization of the boundary-damped wave equation, and a spectral inequality with general boundary conditions to derive the null-controllability result for the heat equation. Two additional chapters consider some more advanced results on Carleman estimates.  The final part of the book is devoted to exposition of some necessary background material: elements of differential and Riemannian geometry, and Sobolev spaces and Laplace problems on Riemannian manifolds.

This monograph explores applications of Carleman estimates in the study of stabilization and controllability properties of partial differential equations, including the stabilization property of the damped wave equation and the null-controllability of the heat equation. All analysis is performed in the case of open sets in the Euclidean space; a second volume will extend this treatment to Riemannian manifolds. The first three chapters illustrate the derivation of Carleman estimates using pseudo-differential calculus with a large parameter. Continuation issues are then addressed, followed by a proof of the logarithmic stabilization of the damped wave equation by means of two alternative proofs of the resolvent estimate for the generator of a damped wave semigroup. The authors then discuss null-controllability of the heat equation, its equivalence with observability, and how the spectral inequality allows one to either construct a control function or prove the observability inequality. The final part of the book is devoted to the exposition of some necessary background material: the theory of distributions, invariance under change of variables, elliptic operators with Dirichlet data and associated semigroup, and some elements from functional analysis and semigroup theory.

This monograph explores applications of Carleman estimates in the study of stabilization and controllability properties of partial differential equations, including quantified unique continuation, logarithmic stabilization of the wave equation, and null-controllability of the heat equation. Where the first volume derived these estimates in regular open sets in Euclidean space and Dirichlet boundary conditions, here they are extended to Riemannian manifolds and more general boundary conditions. The book begins with the study of Lopatinskii-Sapiro boundary conditions for the Laplace-Beltrami operator, followed by derivation of Carleman estimates for this operator on Riemannian manifolds. Applications of Carleman estimates are explored next: quantified unique continuation issues, a proof of the logarithmic stabilization of the boundary-damped wave equation, and a spectral inequality with general boundary conditions to derive the null-controllability result for the heat equation. Two additional chapters consider some more advanced results on Carleman estimates. The final part of the book is devoted to exposition of some necessary background material: elements of differential and Riemannian geometry, and Sobolev spaces and Laplace problems on Riemannian manifolds.

This book presents the analytic foundations to the theory of the hypoelliptic Laplacian. The hypoelliptic Laplacian, a second-order operator acting on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold, is supposed to interpolate between the classical Laplacian and the geodesic flow. Jean-Michel Bismut and Gilles Lebeau establish the basic functional analytic properties of this operator, which is also studied from the perspective of local index theory and analytic torsion.

The book shows that the hypoelliptic Laplacian provides a geometric version of the Fokker-Planck equations. The authors give the proper functional analytic setting in order to study this operator and develop a pseudodifferential calculus, which provides estimates on the hypoelliptic Laplacian's resolvent. When the deformation parameter tends to zero, the hypoelliptic Laplacian converges to the standard Hodge Laplacian of the base by a collapsing argument in which the fibers of the cotangent bundle collapse to a point. For the local index theory, small time asymptotics for the supertrace of the associated heat kernel are obtained.

The Ray-Singer analytic torsion of the hypoelliptic Laplacian as well as the associated Ray-Singer metrics on the determinant of the cohomology are studied in an equivariant setting, resulting in a key comparison formula between the elliptic and hypoelliptic analytic torsions.