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The words 'precarity' and 'precariousness' are widely used when
discussing work, social conditions and experiences. However, there
is no consensus on their meaning or how best to use them to explore
social changes. This book shows how scholars have mapped out these
notions, offering substantive analyses of issues such as the
relationships between precariousness, debt, migration, health and
workers' mobilizations, and how these relationships have changed in
the context of COVID-19. Bringing together an international group
of authors from diverse fields, this book offers a distinctive
critical perspective on the processes of precarization, focusing in
particular on the European context. The Introduction, Chapters 3
and 8, and the Afterword are available Open Access via OAPEN under
CC-BY-NC-ND licence.
During the 1980s and 1990s, organisations have undergone both
regulation and deregulation. This set of papers written by a
distinguished selection of international experts examines the
nature of regulation, its evolution in particular sectors and its
impact on social and economic equality. It draws on social theory
concerned with the nature of regulation and order in modern
societies as well as providing as a series of detailed analyses of
particular forms of regulatory regimes in national and
international contexts. This book, first published in 1999, should
be of particular interest to management and business researchers,
sociologists and political economists concerned with the process of
regulation and its impact on organisations and management.
In 2008, the world entered a new period of turmoil. Financial
markets collapsed, banks and other financial institutions went in
to crisis; credit dried up, consumption reduced and firms started
to cut back and reduce investment in the light of uncertainty.
Unemployment increased and welfare payments increased. States that
borrowed to save their banks and to maintain their spending found
the financial markets and the international institutions condemning
their profligacy and urging austerity policies. This book is
concerned with what happens when elites are challenged by such a
crisis; in our terms, elites are 'on trial' firstly for their role
in the past and shaping the context for the crisis, secondly in
terms of how they responded to the crisis and finally in terms of
what role they are playing in the aftermath. Can they reestablish
their legitimacy or will they fail this trial and find themselves
replaced by other groups with different objectives? This collection
draws together a variety of studies and approaches to these issues
from a group of international authors which helps us understand
'elites on trial' in the contemporary period.
During the 1980s, deregulation became adopted as a slogan and set
of practices which by setting market forces free could increase the
efficiency of market systems. This was particularly the case in the
financial services where national systems which had been closed
through government and industry collaboration were now opened up to
more internal and international competition.;This book examines the
consequences of deregulation in retail financial services. It shows
that organisation and actors sought to adapt to this process, often
with unexpected results.
During the 1980s, deregulation became adopted as a slogan and set
of practices which by setting market forces free could increase the
efficiency of market systems. This was particularly the case in the
financial services where national systems which had been closed
through government and industry collaboration were now opened up to
more internal and international competition. This book examines the
consequences of deregulation in retail financial services. It shows
that organisation and actors sought to adapt to this process, often
with unexpected results.
During the 1980s and 1990s, organisations have undergone both
regulation and deregulation. This set of papers written by a
distinguished selection of international experts examines the
nature of regulation, its evolution in particular sectors and its
impact on social and economic equality. It draws on social theory
concerned with the nature of regulation and order in modern
societies as well as providing as a series of detailed analyses of
particular forms of regulatory regimes in national and
international contexts. This book, first published in 1999, should
be of particular interest to management and business researchers,
sociologists and political economists concerned with the process of
regulation and its impact on organisations and management.
Business and Populism analyses the relationship between right wing
populism and business with a focus on business responses and
strategies in the face of the global populist turn. In the
neoliberal era business had become accustomed to favourable
economic policy regimes and governance arrangements that
facilitated business influence on key policy issues. The rise of
populist movements in various parts of the world is widely
perceived as a significant challenge to policymaking, mainstream
political parties and even to liberal democracy. Yet we know very
little about the impact of populism on business, beyond the fact
that the anti-elite challenge of populism frequently targets
business with policies to restrict globalization, outsourcing, and
labour migration whilst at the same time embracing capitalism, low
taxes, and deregulated markets. Populists also glory in presenting
themselves as authentic representatives of the people, symbolizing
this in their demotic language, their rejection of standards of
'polite' society and liberal 'woke' values, including attacking
core intermediary institutions such as independent central banks,
the judiciary, the civil service, universities and expert
knowledge, and a free press central to post-1945 versions of
liberal democracy. When faced with these disruptions and the risks
they pose for business, how does business respond? Does it choose
to support or challenge populists in different countries? This
volume advances the debate by providing empirical studies of the
impact of right-wing populism on business. Finally, it considers
whether populism will continue to be influential and how its
success might impact on business strategy and structure.
After many years in which it appeared to be losing the pre-eminent
position it had occupied in the lexicon of the social and human
sciences, the term 'capitalism' has once again become a matter of
critical concern, both theoretically and substantively, in a range
of disciplinary fields. The global financial and environmental
crises, and the shifting of economic power associated with the rise
of the BRICs and the sovereign debt contagion in the Eurozone, for
example, have all put the norms, practices, and devices of
capitalist conduct back under the spotlight. Luc Boltanski and Eve
Chiapello's The New Spirit of Capitalism has become a seminal text
since its publication, sparking debate about the meaning,
significance, and effects of contemporary changes in economic and
organizational life, and becoming a reference point in political
discussions about the welfare state, collective action in a
'networked' world, and reconciliation of the interests of social
justice with the 'laws of the markets'. This edited book offers the
first comprehensive attempt to examine the power and reach of
Boltanski and Chiapello's argument, the text's theoretical and
methodological perspectives, tools, and techniques, and to do so in
relation to the development of neo-liberal capitalism in the period
since its original publication and in particular the culmination of
these developments in the ongoing crisis since the financial
collapse of 2007-8. The volume provides both a balanced critique
and overview of New Spirit, but also shows how it can be used in a
variety of empirical studies to develop new insights into the
functioning and regulation of capitalism in the contemporary era.
The volume brings together leading scholars from a range of
disciplinary fields such as Sociology, Management and Organization
Studies, and Geography. Luc Boltanksi and Eve Chiapello also offer
their thoughts on the continuing relevance of New Spirit over a
decade after its publication, and in the context of contemporary
global economic and political developments.
The early twenty-first century is witnessing both an increasing
internationalization of many markets, firms, and regulatory
institutions, and a reinforcement of the key role of nation states
in managing economic development, financial crises, and market
upheavals in many OECD and developing economies. Drawing on a
variety of interdisciplinary perspectives from leading US and
European scholars, this book analyses how capitalism and national
capitalisms are changing in this context. It focuses on the
economic rise of new countries such as the BRICs, the increasing
influence of regional organizations such as the EU and NAFTA, and
new forms of private and public international regulation. It also
considers how states are adapting their economic policies and
processes in this new environment, and the consequences of these
adaptations for inequality and risk within different societies.
These changes are linked to how firms are developing new strategies
for organizing global value chains and the application of
scientific knowledge to the commercialization of products in
contexts where financial markets are becoming more uncertain and
crisis prone, and where different groups are making new demands for
more effective forms of corporate governance and corporate social
responsibility. Drawing on examples from Europe, North and Latin
America, and Asia, it illustrates the complex ways in which
different forms of national capitalism are adapting and changing
their institutions in response to international financial markets,
the global financial crisis, the development of cross-border value
chains, and expansion of multinational firms.
An increasing number of studies in the last decade or so have
emphasized the viability and persistence of distinctive systems of
economic coordination and control in developed market economies.
Over more or less the same period, the revival of institutional
economics and evolutionary approaches to understanding the firm has
focused attention on how firms create distinctive capabilities
through establishing routines that coordinate complementary
activities and skills for particular strategic purposes. For much
of the 1990s these two strands of research remained distinct. Those
focusing on the institutional frameworks of market economies were
primarily concerned with identifying complementaries between
institutional arrangements that explained coherence and continuity.
On the other hand, those focusing on the dynamics of firm behavior
studied how firms develop new capacities and are able to learn new
ways of doing things.
This book aims to bring together these approaches. It consists of
a set of theoretically motivated and empirically informed chapters
from a range of internationally known contributors to these
debates. In their chapters, the authors show how institutions and
firms evolve. Ideas of path dependency and complementarity of
institutions are subjected to critical scrutiny both by reference
to their own internal logic and to empirical examples. Varieties of
institutional integration, the surprising maintenance of 'deviant'
or alternative traditions and processes, and the existence of
unpredictable yet consequential policy options that can lead to
breaks in path dependency are scrutinized with particular reference
to how national and international firms may relate toinstitutions
at various levels as a diverse arena of potential resources rather
than as a singular and determinant constraining force. The book
provides a set of theoretical and empirical challenges for
researchers concerned with the relationship between national
institutional contexts and firm dynamics. For those involved in
teaching or studying at doctoral, Masters and higher level
undergraduate courses, the book provides a structured entry into
the debates about how institutions and firms are changing in the
contemporary era.
It is increasingly accepted that "institutions matter" for economic
organization and outcomes. The last decade has seen significant
expansion in research examining how institutional contexts affect
the nature and behavior of firms, the operation of markets, and
economic outcomes. Yet "institutions" conceal a multitude of issues
and perspectives. Much of this research has been comparative, and
followed different models such as "varieties of capitalism,"
"national business systems," and "social systems of production."
This Handbook explores these issues, perspectives, and models, with
the leading scholars in the area contributing chapters to provide a
central reference point for academics, scholars, and students.
An increasing number of studies in the last decade or so have
emphasized the viability and persistence of distinctive systems of
economic coordination and control in developed market economies.
Over more or less the same period, the revival of institutional
economics and evolutionary approaches to understanding the firm has
focused attention on how firms create distinctive capabilities
through establishing routines that coordinate complementary
activities and skills for particular strategic purposes. For much
of the 1990s these two strands of research remained distinct. Those
focusing on the institutional frameworks of market economies were
primarily concerned with identifying complementaries between
institutional arrangements that explained coherence and continuity.
On the other hand, those focusing on the dynamics of firm behavior
studied how firms develop new capacities and are able to learn new
ways of doing things.
This book aims to bring together these approaches. It consists of
a set of theoretically motivated and empirically informed chapters
from a range of internationally known contributors to these
debates. In their chapters, the authors show how institutions and
firms evolve. Ideas of path dependency and complementarity of
institutions are subjected to critical scrutiny both by reference
to their own internal logic and to empirical examples. Varieties of
institutional integration, the surprising maintenance of 'deviant'
or alternative traditions and processes, and the existence of
unpredictable yet consequential policy options that can lead to
breaks in path dependency are scrutinized with particular reference
to how national and international firms may relate toinstitutions
at various levels as a diverse arena of potential resources rather
than as a singular and determinant constraining force. The book
provides a set of theoretical and empirical challenges for
researchers concerned with the relationship between national
institutional contexts and firm dynamics. For those involved in
teaching or studying at doctoral, Masters and higher level
undergraduate courses, the book provides a structured entry into
the debates about how institutions and firms are changing in the
contemporary era.
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