Interest in the area of control of systems defined by partial differential Equations has increased strongly in recent years. A major reason has been the requirement of these systems for sensible continuum mechanical modelling and optimization or control techniques which account for typical physical phenomena. Particular examples of problems on which substantial progress has been made are the control and stabilization of mechatronic structures, the control of growth of thin films and crystals, the control of Laser and semi-conductor devices, and shape optimization problems for turbomachine blades, shells, smart materials and microdiffractive optics. This volume contains original articles by world reknowned experts in the fields of optimal control of partial differential equations, shape optimization, numerical methods for partial differential equations and fluid dynamics, all of whom have contributed to the analysis and solution of many of the problems discussed. The collection provides a state-of-the-art overview of the most challenging and exciting recent developments in the field. It is geared towards postgraduate students and researchers dealing with the theoretical and practical aspects of a wide variety of high technology problems in applied mathematics, fluid control, optimal design, and computer modelling.

Optimization problems subject to constraints governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) are among the most challenging problems in the context of industrial, economical and medical applications. Almost the entire range of problems in this field of research was studied and further explored as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) priority program 1253 on "Optimization with Partial Differential Equations" from 2006 to 2013. The investigations were motivated by the fascinating potential applications and challenging mathematical problems that arise in the field of PDE constrained optimization. New analytic and algorithmic paradigms have been developed, implemented and validated in the context of real-world applications. In this special volume, contributions from more than fifteen German universities combine the results of this interdisciplinary program with a focus on applied mathematics. The book is divided into five sections on "Constrained Optimization, Identification and Control", "Shape and Topology Optimization", "Adaptivity and Model Reduction", "Discretization: Concepts and Analysis" and "Applications". Peer-reviewed research articles present the most recent results in the field of PDE constrained optimization and control problems. Informative survey articles give an overview of topics that set sustainable trends for future research. This makes this special volume interesting not only for mathematicians, but also for engineers and for natural and medical scientists working on processes that can be modeled by PDEs.

This volume reflects "New Trends in Shape Optimization" and is based on a workshop of the same name organized at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg in September 2013. During the workshop senior mathematicians and young scientists alike presented their latest findings. The format of the meeting allowed fruitful discussions on challenging open problems, and triggered a number of new and spontaneous collaborations. As such, the idea was born to produce this book, each chapter of which was written by a workshop participant, often with a collaborator. The content of the individual chapters ranges from survey papers to original articles; some focus on the topics discussed at the Workshop, while others involve arguments outside its scope but which are no less relevant for the field today. As such, the book offers readers a balanced introduction to the emerging field of shape optimization.

This volume contains the contributions of participants of the conference "Optimal Control of Partial Differential Equations" held at the Wasserschloss Klaffenbach near Chemnitz (Saxony, Germany) from April 20 to 25, 1998. The conference was organized by the editors of this volume. Along with the dramatic increase in computer power, the application of PDE-based control theory and the corresponding numerical algorithms to industrial problems has become more and more important in recent years. This development is reflected by the fact that researchers focus their interest on challenging problems such as the study of controlled fluid-structure interactions, flexible structures, noise reduction, smart materials, the optimal design of shapes and material properties and specific industrial processes. All of these applications involve the analytical and numerical treatment of nonlinear partial differential equations with nonhomogeneous boundary or transmission conditions along with some cost criteria to be minimized. The mathematical framework contains modelling and analysis of such systems as well as the numerical analysis and implemention of algorithms in order to solve concrete problems. This volume offers a wide spectrum of aspects of the discipline and is of interest to mathematicians as well as to scientists working in the fields of applications.

While domain decomposition methods have a long history dating back well over one hundred years, it is only during the last decade that they have become a major tool in numerical analysis of partial differential equations. This monograph emphasizes domain decomposition methods in the context of so-called virtual optimal control problems and treats optimal control problems for partial differential equations and their decompositions using an all-at-once approach.

This special volume focuses on optimization and control of processes governed by partial differential equations. The contributors are mostly participants of the DFG-priority program 1253: Optimization with PDE-constraints which is active since 2006. The book is organized in sections which cover almost the entire spectrum of modern research in this emerging field. Indeed, even though the field of optimal control and optimization for PDE-constrained problems has undergone a dramatic increase of interest during the last four decades, a full theory for nonlinear problems is still lacking. The contributions of this volume, some of which have the character of survey articles, therefore, aim at creating and developing further new ideas for optimization, control and corresponding numerical simulations of systems of possibly coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The research conducted within this unique network of groups in more than fifteen German universities focuses on novel methods of optimization, control and identification for problems in infinite-dimensional spaces, shape and topology problems, model reduction and adaptivity, discretization concepts and important applications. Besides the theoretical interest, the most prominent question is about the effectiveness of model-based numerical optimization methods for PDEs versus a black-box approach that uses existing codes, often heuristic-based, for optimization.

The international Conference on Optimal Control of Coupled Systems of Partial Di?erential Equations was held at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Ob- wolfach (www.mfo.de) from April, 17 to 23, 2005. The scienti?c program included 30 talks coveringvarious topics as controllability,feedback-control,optimality s- tems, model-reduction techniques, analysis and optimal control of ?ow problems and ?uid-structure interactions, as well as problems of shape and topology op- mization. The applications discussed during the conference range from the op- mization and control of quantum mechanical systems, the design of piezo-electric acoustic micro-mechanical devices, optimal control of crystal growth, the control of bodies immersed into a ?uid to airfoil design and much more. Thus the app- cations are across all time and length scales. Optimization and control of systems governed by partial di?erential eq- tions and more recently by variational inequalities is a very active ?eld of research in Applied Mathematics, in particular in numerical analysis, scienti?c comp- ing and optimization. In order to able to handle real-world applications, scalable and parallelizable algorithms have to be designed, implemented and validated. This requires an in-depth understanding of both the theoretical properties and the numerical realization of such structural insights. Therefore, a 'core' devel- ment within the ?eld of optimization with PDE-constraints such as the analysis of control-and-state-constrained problems, the role of obstacles, multi-phases etc. and an interdisciplinary 'diagonal' bridging regarding applications and numerical simulation are most important.

Water supply- and drainage systems and mixed water channel systems are networks whose high dynamic is determined and/or affected by consumer habits on drinking water on the one hand and by climate conditions, in particular rainfall, on the other hand. According to their size, water networks consist of hundreds or thousands of system elements. Moreover, different types of decisions (continuous and discrete) have to be taken in the water management. The networks have to be optimized in terms of topology and operation by targeting a variety of criteria. Criteria may for example be economic, social or ecological ones and may compete with each other. The development of complex model systems and their use for deriving optimal decisions in water management is taking place at a rapid pace. Simulation and optimization methods originating in Operations Research have been used for several decades; usually with very limited direct cooperation with applied mathematics. The research presented here aims at bridging this gap, thereby opening up space for synergies and innovation. It is directly applicable for relevant practical problems and has been carried out in cooperation with utility and dumping companies, infrastructure providers and planning offices. A close and direct connection to the practice of water management has been established by involving application-oriented know-how from the field of civil engineering. On the mathematical side all necessary disciplines were involved, including mixed-integer optimization, multi-objective and facility location optimization, numerics for cross-linked dynamic transportation systems and optimization as well as control of hybrid systems. Most of the presented research has been supported by the joint project "Discret-continuous optimization of dynamic water systems" of the federal ministry of education and research (BMBF).

This volume reflects "New Trends in Shape Optimization" and is based on a workshop of the same name organized at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg in September 2013. During the workshop senior mathematicians and young scientists alike presented their latest findings. The format of the meeting allowed fruitful discussions on challenging open problems, and triggered a number of new and spontaneous collaborations. As such, the idea was born to produce this book, each chapter of which was written by a workshop participant, often with a collaborator. The content of the individual chapters ranges from survey papers to original articles; some focus on the topics discussed at the Workshop, while others involve arguments outside its scope but which are no less relevant for the field today. As such, the book offers readers a balanced introduction to the emerging field of shape optimization.

Optimization problems subject to constraints governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) are among the most challenging problems in the context of industrial, economical and medical applications. Almost the entire range of problems in this field of research was studied and further explored as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) priority program 1253 on "Optimization with Partial Differential Equations" from 2006 to 2013. The investigations were motivated by the fascinating potential applications and challenging mathematical problems that arise in the field of PDE constrained optimization. New analytic and algorithmic paradigms have been developed, implemented and validated in the context of real-world applications. In this special volume, contributions from more than fifteen German universities combine the results of this interdisciplinary program with a focus on applied mathematics. The book is divided into five sections on "Constrained Optimization, Identification and Control", "Shape and Topology Optimization", "Adaptivity and Model Reduction", "Discretization: Concepts and Analysis" and "Applications". Peer-reviewed research articles present the most recent results in the field of PDE constrained optimization and control problems. Informative survey articles give an overview of topics that set sustainable trends for future research. This makes this special volume interesting not only for mathematicians, but also for engineers and for natural and medical scientists working on processes that can be modeled by PDEs.

Water supply- and drainage systems and mixed water channel systems are networks whose high dynamic is determined and/or affected by consumer habits on drinking water on the one hand and by climate conditions, in particular rainfall, on the other hand. According to their size, water networks consist of hundreds or thousands of system elements. Moreover, different types of decisions (continuous and discrete) have to be taken in the water management. The networks have to be optimized in terms of topology and operation by targeting a variety of criteria. Criteria may for example be economic, social or ecological ones and may compete with each other. The development of complex model systems and their use for deriving optimal decisions in water management is taking place at a rapid pace. Simulation and optimization methods originating in Operations Research have been used for several decades; usually with very limited direct cooperation with applied mathematics. The research presented here aims at bridging this gap, thereby opening up space for synergies and innovation. It is directly applicable for relevant practical problems and has been carried out in cooperation with utility and dumping companies, infrastructure providers and planning offices. A close and direct connection to the practice of water management has been established by involving application-oriented know-how from the field of civil engineering. On the mathematical side all necessary disciplines were involved, including mixed-integer optimization, multi-objective and facility location optimization, numerics for cross-linked dynamic transportation systems and optimization as well as control of hybrid systems. Most of the presented research has been supported by the joint project "Discret-continuous optimization of dynamic water systems" of the federal ministry of education and research (BMBF).

This special volume focuses on optimization and control of processes governed by partial differential equations. The contributors are mostly participants of the DFG-priority program 1253: Optimization with PDE-constraints which is active since 2006. The book is organized in sections which cover almost the entire spectrum of modern research in this emerging field. Indeed, even though the field of optimal control and optimization for PDE-constrained problems has undergone a dramatic increase of interest during the last four decades, a full theory for nonlinear problems is still lacking. The contributions of this volume, some of which have the character of survey articles, therefore, aim at creating and developing further new ideas for optimization, control and corresponding numerical simulations of systems of possibly coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The research conducted within this unique network of groups in more than fifteen German universities focuses on novel methods of optimization, control and identification for problems in infinite-dimensional spaces, shape and topology problems, model reduction and adaptivity, discretization concepts and important applications. Besides the theoretical interest, the most prominent question is about the effectiveness of model-based numerical optimization methods for PDEs versus a black-box approach that uses existing codes, often heuristic-based, for optimization.

While domain decomposition methods have a long history dating back well over one hundred years, it is only during the last decade that they have become a major tool in numerical analysis of partial differential equations. This monograph emphasizes domain decomposition methods in the context of so-called virtual optimal control problems and treats optimal control problems for partial differential equations and their decompositions using an all-at-once approach.

The application of PDE-based control theory and the corresponding numerical algorithms to industrial problems have become increasingly important in recent years. This volume offers a wide spectrum of aspects of the discipline, and is of interest to mathematicians and scientists working in the field.

The purpose of this monograph is threefold. First, mathematical models of the transient behavior of some or all of the state variables describing the motion of multiple-link flexible structures will be developed. The structures which we have in mind consist of finitely many interconnected flexible ele ments such as strings, beams, plates and shells or combinations thereof and are representative of trusses, frames, robot arms, solar panels, antennae, deformable mirrors, etc. , currently in use. For example, a typical subsys tem found in almost all aircraft and space vehicles consists of beam, plate and/or shell elements attached to each other in a rigid or flexible manner. Due to limitations on their weights, the elements themselves must be highly flexible, and due to limitations on their initial configuration (i. e. , before de ployment), those aggregates often have to contain several links so that the substructure may be unfolded or telescoped once it is deployed. The point of view we wish to adopt is that in order to understand completely the dynamic response of a complex elastic structure it is not sufficient to con to take into account the sider only its global motion but also necessary flexibility of individual elements and the interaction and transmission of elastic effects such as bending, torsion and axial deformations at junctions where members are connected to each other. The second object of this book is to provide rigorous mathematical analyses of the resulting models.