An expert system is software that uses a knowledge base of human expertise for problem solving, or clarifies uncertainties where normally one or more human experts would need to be consulted. Expert systems are most common in a specific problem domain, and are a traditional application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence (AI). A "HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM'' is a computerized management system. This management system has been developed to form whole management system including Employees, Doctors (consultants), Nurses, Patients, Bills, and Complains etc. This system also keeps the records of hardware assets besides software of this organization. The proposed system will keep a track of Employees, Doctors, Patients, Accounts and generation of report regarding the present status. This project has web based software that will help in storing, updating and retrieving the information through various user-friendly menu-driven modules.

Optical fibre-based devices (e.g. fibre gratings) play an important role in the optical communications and sensing industry. One type of fibre grating, the long-period grating (LPG), is becoming more and more popular as a simple and versatile component for a number of applications in optical engineering. Long period grating is obtained by introducing a periodic refractive index modulation in the core of an optical fibre. The phase matching condition causes light to couple from core mode to forward propagating cladding mode. These cladding modes attenuate rapidly on propagation and thus resulting in distinct resonance bands in transmission spectrum. The sensitivity of LPGs to various external perturbations and their ability to manipulate selectively light propagating in optical fibres make them well-suited to creating fibre-based devices. LPGs can be used in various applications, for example as gain equalisers for erbium-doped fibre amplifiers, as channel routers in optical add-drop multiplexers and as sensors. LPGs are typically fabricated by exposing photosensitive optical fibre to ultraviolet light.

By supplying some level of skill, ingenuity, and experience, providers of a service participate in an economy without the restrictions of carrying stock (inventory) or the need to concern themselves with bulky raw materials. On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require marketing and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical restrictions. Providers of services make up the Tertiary sector of industry. Service sector is a new frontier for marketing strategy. Service sector continues to be an ever more important part of the gross national product of developing and developed nations. Health Care, tourism, recreations, engineering, telecom, internet, education, financial services etc are vital to health and prosperity of every nation. In economics and marketing, a service is the non-material equivalent of a good. Service provision has been defined as an economic activity that does not result in ownership, and this is what differentiates it from providing physical goods. It is claimed to be a process that creates benefits by facilitating either a change in customers, a change in their physical possessions....

The usage of Internet has been increasing day by day. Wi-Fi provides wireless access to the internet but range is limited to certain meters only. So concept of WiMAX is introduced to increase the range. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) based IEEE 802.16 WiMAX has been widely acknowledged as the next generation wireless standard for providing wideband communications in rural areas. There are two main types of WiMAX services: mobile and fixed. Mobile WiMAX enables users access Internet while traveling whereas fixed WiMAX stations provide wireless Internet access to clients within a fixed radius. Moreover, WiMAX is capable of delivering high speed wireless services up to a range of approximately 50km which is far longer than that of DSL, cable modem, etc. which has a span of approximately 5.5km. Multicarrier systems such as WiMAX offer good functionality under heavy interference. Short interfering signals are countered using long symbol times, which are made possible by spreading data onto several subcarriers.

Though computer word is very common these days in India and almost this gadget is holding good position every house may be poor or rich. Students are very much dependent upon this machine being this is a subject in school education. Teachers often advise students to get assignment done on computer but yet not in every school. Most of the schools are going with smart education where e-books are used. Computer may be common in India yet unable to develop a taste of doing with the system. Every user is dependent on technicians to get their system operation. Some times operating system sets down and other times hardware lost its function. To get a new computer is not a problem but to maintain is the a cause of concern. We being playing with computer since 1987, understand the full operation and understand the functional language. To make aware of the parts, assembly section and some what repair of the gadget at home as how to do it. Some of the components not used these days are not included in this book like floppy drive, floppy disks etc. One should know the computer one is going to buy for use at home, office.

These days one can not think life without computer. Every moment is concerned of this gadget for its beautifulness and dependency from a childhood to end of life. This may be for entertainment to education and at later stage life support gadgets. We can be aspect any thing with computer it is users perception. Though computer hardware is the collection of various physical components of the computer like the computer itself, input/output devices, printers and other peripheral devices yet user feel its interaction. Two computer can be put to talk each other and this is what is Net Working. A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users. In net working Communication of data propagation and processing of signals are made transmitting and receiving the signals is labeled Data Communication.

Since the incoming of computer in this world there has been craze to peep into another computer whatever the operating system may be. Computer professionals tried their best to do this and their labor came out with positive results. At every stage the motive behind with the investigators remained to share the information of one computer with another. Basically Networking or connecting computers together to share information, has long been one of the more difficult areas of basic computing to get a grasp on, mainly because it is one of those points at which the generally friendly user interface of your average Windows box starts showing cracks, or possibly gaping holes ready to swallow up the unsuspecting user.