*The first book to describe and set out the form, variety and social and educational implications of the variety of English , known as African American English *The official acknowledgement of AAE as a legitimate variety of English and not "Bad English" was hugely important following the Oakland school controversy and Ebonics debates, not only for linguists, but educationalists and for the lives of Black people *Showcases a range of voices and leading authorities covering a wide variety of topics, unlike most other books written by sole authors

Contents:
Introduction 1. Some Aspects of African-American Vernacular English Guy Bailey and Erik Thomas 2. The Sentence in African-American Vernacular English Stefan Martin and Walt Wolfram 3. Aspect and Predicate Phrases in African-American Vernacular English Lisa Green 4. The Structure of the Noun Phrase in African-American English Salikoko S. Mufwene 5. Coexistent Systems in African-American English William Labov 6. The Development of African-American Vernacular English, Focusing on the Creole Origin Issue John R. Rickford 7. Word from the Hood: The Lexicon of African-American Vernacular English Geneva Smitherman 8. African-American Language Use: Ideology and So-Called Obscenity Arthur K. Spears 9. More than a Mood or an Attitude: Discourse and Verbal Genres in African-American Culture Marcyliena Morgan 10. Linguistics, Education, and the Law: Education Reform for African-American Language Minority Students John Baugh

*The first book to describe and set out the form, variety and social and educational implications of the variety of English , known as African American English *The official acknowledgement of AAE as a legitimate variety of English and not "Bad English" was hugely important following the Oakland school controversy and Ebonics debates, not only for linguists, but educationalists and for the lives of Black people *Showcases a range of voices and leading authorities covering a wide variety of topics, unlike most other books written by sole authors

African-American English: Structure, History and Use provides a comprehensive survey of linguistic research into African-American English. The main linguistic features are covered, in particular the grammar, phonology and lexicon. Further chapters explore the sociological, political and educational issues connected with African-American English.
The editors are the leading experts in the field and along with other key figures, notably William Labov, Geneva Smitherman and Walt Wolfram, they provide an authoritative, diverse guide to this topical subject area. Drawing on many contemporary references: the Oakland School controversy, the rap of Ice-T, the contributors reflect the state of current scholarship on African-American English, and actively dispel many misconceptions, address new questions and explore new approaches.
The book is designed to serve as a text for the increasing number of courses on African-American English and as a convenient reference for students of linguistics, black studies and anthropology at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

This unique collection of partner and small group games (requiring only two-four participants) is perfect for teaching and developing physical education skills in the home setting. These learning activities do not require a gymnasium, expensive equipment, or a large playing area--in fact, most can be played in a backyard-size setting or smaller. Written by an experienced physical educator, this user-friendly resource is packed with only small-sided games tested and proven to develop fitness, movement, and sport-specific skills in children of all ages. In addition, these success-oriented games are guaranteed to put fun back into PE participation--an important incentive for children to become more active and physically fit. Each game activity provides everything needed for its successful use. This includes an introduction with a skill purpose, number of players required, suggested age level, equipment needed, illustrations, and easy-to-understand instructions. In addition, you'll find helpful advice on how to use these games most effectively in the home school program, how to introduce games to children, finding the right game to achieve your learning objective, safety guidelines, and much more. In short, The Ultimate Homeschool Physical Education Game Book is the most complete family physical education game resource available today. Now parents have the tool to make a positive difference in the lifestyles of their children, and to set them on the road to a lifetime of movement and health.

For elementary physical education teachers, youth recreational professionals, and others who work with children in grades K-6, here is a unique collection of tag games designed for maximizing movement and learning---and, putting fun back into PE, fitness, and game participation. In all, there are 101 fun-packed games to help children develop cardiovascular health and valuable skills important to performing a wide variety of movement, sport, dance, and fitness activities. Written by an experienced physical educator, this one-of-a-kind resource contains field-tested games that have proven to be successful with both large and small groups, and are easily adaptable for children in church, camp, and recreational settings. The user-friendly format is ideal for busy school and youth recreational professionals. And, you'll find each page provides everything needed for its successful use. This includes a game introduction, number of participants required, equipment needed, and easy-to-understand game instructions. In short, Tag, You're It gives you a wealth of unique tag games designed for total participation, learning, fitness, and energizing fun

For physical education teachers, school recess professionals, youth recreational leaders, youth coaches, homeschoolers, and parents---here is a unique collection of 201 small-group activities designed for maximizing movement opportunities and putting fun back into PE and sport participation. Inside, you'll find traditional sport favorites modified to increase learning and total participation, as well as exciting new activities that focus on building sport skills, cooperation, and fitness. Written by an experienced physical educator, this user-friendly resource contains field-tested games and learning activities that are inclusive, purposeful, and meaningful in settings where truly everyone plays 100% of the time. These success-oriented games are ideal for all K-8 grade PE programs, and easily adaptable for children in church, camp, and home settings. Each page provides easy-to-understand game instructions, learning and skill purpose, equipment needed, and an illustration.

This one-of-a-kind resource was specially written for the elementary and middle school physical educator--with the purpose of providing gym scooter activities that pomote the development of movement skills and fitness in a fun setting.And, nowhere else will you find such a wide variety of gym scooter games. Inside, you'll discover large and small group games, as well as exciting new activities that focus on maximizing participation, cooperation, and fitness development. The quick, easy-to-use format makes it very reader friendly--the ideal resource for busy teachers. Each page provides everything needed for its successful use. This includes an introduction, number of players required, suggested grade levels, equipment needed, and easy-to-understand game instructions. Illustrations are also included with all games. In short, this unique book will inspire you to revive those underused scooters---bringing a new level of student learning, fitness development, and fun to your PE program

For playground supervisors, PE teachers, classroom teachers, youth recreational professionals, and parents--here is a super collection of 251 playground games for elementary-age children. Written by an experienced physical educator, this user-friendly resource contains field-tested play activities that will eliminate student boredom during recess and create a safe, healthy, and peaceful playground setting. Inside, you'll find traditional recess favorites as well as exciting new activities that focus on maximizing student participation, cooperation, and fitness development. Each game is described in a clear, easy-to-use format, and easily adaptable for children in non-school settings such as church, camp, and recreational settings. Also includes a full chapter of indoor games for rainy days.

Written by a nationally known physical education teacher and author, this one-of-a-kind book contains PE games that allow children to develop team and lifetime sport skills in an exciting and meaningful setting--leaving them motivated, challenged, and enthusiastic about sport participation. In all, this user-friendly resource contains field-tested activities proven to enhance sport skills in fourteen sport categories--the most comprehensive sport lead-up game book available to physical educators. Each of the 242 games provides everything needed for its successful use. This includes an introduction with a skill purpose, number of participants required, suggested grade levels, equipment needed, play instructions, and illustration. In addition, you'll find helpful advice on how to use lead-up games most effectively in the PE curriculum, including how to introduce games to children, tips on finding the right game to achieve your learning objectives, safety guidelines, and much more.

This Element uses data from the Springville Project to explore how the functions of the inherited forms invariant be (from English sources) and zero (from creolization) have transformed during the twentieth century. Originally just alternative present tense copula/auxiliary forms, both features developed into aspectual markers - invariant be to mark durativity/habituality and zero to mark nonstativity. The motivation for these innovations were both socio-cultural and linguistic. The Great Migration and its consequences provided a demographic and socio-cultural context within which linguistic innovations could develop and spread. The mismatch between form and function within the present tense copula/auxiliary system and the grammatical ambiguities that affected both invariant be and zero provided linguistic triggers for this reanalysis. When taken together, the evolution of these forms illustrates how restructured linguistic subsystems (and eventually new varieties) emerge out of the interplay between inheritance and innovation.

This volume evolved from a research conference on the English Language in the Southern United States sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and held at Columbia, South Carolina.