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This classic and authoritative textbook contains material that is
not over-simplified and can be used to solve real-world noise
control engineering problems. Engineering Noise Control, 6th
edition covers theoretical concepts, and practical application of
current noise control technology. Topics extensively covered or
revised from the 5th edition include: beating; addition and
subtraction of noise levels; combining multi-path noise level
reductions; hearing damage assessment and protection; speech
intelligibility; noise weighting curves; instrumentation, including
MEMS, IEPE and TEDS sensors; noise source types, including
transportation noise and equipment noise estimations; outdoor sound
propagation, including noise barriers, meteorological effects and
sloping ground effects; sound in rooms, muffling devices, including
4-pole analysis, self noise and pressure drop calculations; sound
transmission through single, double and triple partitions;
vibration measurement and control, finite element analysis;
boundary element methods; and statistical energy analysis.
Discusses all aspects of industrial and environmental noise control
An ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses
in noise control An excellent reference text for acoustic
consultants and engineers Practical applications are used to
demonstrate theoretical concepts Includes material not available in
other books A wide range of example problems and solutions that are
linked to noise control practice are available for download from
www.causalsystems.com.
After a massive international campaign calling attention to the
development impact of foreign debt, the Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) initiative is now underway. But will the HIPC
Initiative meet its high expectations? Will debt relief
substantially raise growth? How do we make sure that debt relief
benefits poor people? And how can we ensure that poor countries do
not become highly indebted again? These are some of the key policy
issues covered in this rigorous and independent analysis of debt,
development, and poverty. JEAN-CLAUDE BERTHLEMY Professor of
Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne, France ARNE
BIGSTEN Professor of Development Economics, G/teborg University,
Sweden NANCY BIRDSALL Founding President, Center for Global
Development, Washington, USA ABDUR R. CHOWDHURY Director, Economic
Analysis Division, United Nations Commission for Europe, Geneva,
Switzerland STIJN CLAESSENS Professor of International Finance,
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ERA DABLA-NORRIS
International Monetary Fund, USA ISHAC DIWAN Company Director for
Ethiopia and Sudan, World Bank, USA BENNO FERRARINI Director of
Economic Research at the World Trade Institute, Switzerl
Distinctions between the public and private have fashioned modern
political life, as well as social theory. Globalization challenges
these distinctions and sets the stage for new research questions
about the dynamics of politics. Based on a constructivist
framework, and drawing on original empirical research conducted in
local, national and transnational settings, this volume explores
the transformation of political practices across the public and
private, as well as the domestic and foreign, and examines the role
of a mediated global environment in shaping contemporary politics.
For much of the twentieth century, the prevalence of dictatorial
regimes has left business, especially multinational firms, with a
series of complex and for the most part unwelcome choices. This
volume, which includes essays by noted American and European
scholars such as Mira Wilkins, Gerald Feldman, Peter Hayes, and
Wilfried Feldenkirchen, sets business activity in its political and
social context and describes some of the strategic and tactical
responses of firms investing from or into Europe to a myriad of
opportunities and risks posed by host or home country authoritarian
governments during the interwar period. Although principally a work
of history, it puts into perspective some commercial dilemmas with
which practitioners and business theorists must still unfortunately
grapple.
Lung cancer is one of the biggest challenges in oncology today. The
challenge is due to the recognition of the possibility of
prevention in at least 70-80 % of all the cases and the extreme
difficulties encountered in the treatment of this neoplasm. Despite
the knowledge of prevention measures such as cessation of cigarette
smoking the incidence continues to increase in many countries. The
increase is particularly notable in females in the west ernized
countries where the death rate in females in certain regions sur
passes that of breast cancer. Furthermore, in many developing
countries lung cancer is now being diagnosed with increasing
frequency in both sexes and it is expected to be a major cause of
death in those countries later in this century or the beginning of
next century if the tobacco consumption will continue its rapid
rise. With respect to therapy the 1970'es brought considerable
progress in understanding of the clinical behaviour of lung cancer
thereby establishing the importance of distinguishing between the
major histologic types. Thera peutic advancement was particularly
experienced in small cell carcinoma with the introduction of
combination chemotherapy after this special dis ease entity among
lung cancers was recognized as being a disseminated dis ease in
almost all cases at the time of diagnosis. It was expected that the
improvement in therapy would have continued in the early 1980'es,
not only for small cell lung cancer but also for the other cell
types."
The last volume dealing with lung cancer in this series in Cancer
Treatment and Research was published in 1986 and entitled Lung
Cancer: Basic and Clinical Aspects. The present book continues the
outline of the previous volume by presenting up-to-date information
on lung cancer in critical reviews of new important basic and
clinical concepts of lung cancer. The present volume has broadened
the scope by also including chapters dealing with issues such as
epidemiology, prophylaxis, and histopathology of lung cancer. The
content of the book thus reflects the increasing awareness of a
global disease that is more and more in focus, not only
scientifically but also politically. The latter fact results
increasingly in changes in health legisla tion, with prevention
measures influencing everyday life. The great interest in the
disease is natural, considering that more than one patient dies
from lung cancer every minute globally. The first chapter is from
the Cancer Unit, WHO, Geneva, and describes in detail the
epidemiologic features of lung cancer, which is the second most
frequent cancer in the world with 660,500 new cases annually; it
will soon surpass stomach cancer as the leader. Thirty-one percent
of the cases occur in developing countries, where the increase is
especially dramatic."
Written during the Second World War against the background of the
economic and political futility of the 1930s, this book deals with
the changing role of government, and particularly fiscal policy as
an instrument for regulating the national income and its
distribution. Arguing that the war had an economic basis - the
inability of the great industrial nations to provide full
employment at rising standards of real income - the book discusses
how the failure to achieve a world order in the political sphere
must be sought in the facts of economic frustration.
Understanding Active Noise Control Provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals and applications of active control of vibration and sound for the non-expert. It is also a useful quick reference for the specialist engineer. The book emphasises the practical applications of technology, and complex control algorithms and structures are only discussed to the extent that they aid understanding. Extensive recommendations for further reading on the subject are provided, but the text will stand alone for those seeking an overview of the key issues: fundamentals, control systems, transducers, applications and possible future directions.
Primary lung tumors are now a global health problem. The incidence
has risen dramatically during the last 5--6 decades, reflecting the
popularity of cigarette smoking. In this, the fifth volume dealing
with lung cancer in the series KappaCANCER TREATMENT AND
RESEARCHkappa, many current research topics are covered by notable
authorities, including chemoprevention, growth factors, multidrug
resistance, new agents, and haematopoietic growth factors.
Altogether, the 17 chapters from twelve countries highlight some of
the rapid developments taking place in basic and clinical research
of lung cancer. These chapters not only give up-to-date
information, they will also stimulate further research into this
man-made disease which was almost unheard of a century ago.
This classic and authoritative textbook contains material that is
not over-simplified and can be used to solve real-world noise
control engineering problems. Engineering Noise Control, 6th
edition covers theoretical concepts, and practical application of
current noise control technology. Topics extensively covered or
revised from the 5th edition include: beating; addition and
subtraction of noise levels; combining multi-path noise level
reductions; hearing damage assessment and protection; speech
intelligibility; noise weighting curves; instrumentation, including
MEMS, IEPE and TEDS sensors; noise source types, including
transportation noise and equipment noise estimations; outdoor sound
propagation, including noise barriers, meteorological effects and
sloping ground effects; sound in rooms, muffling devices, including
4-pole analysis, self noise and pressure drop calculations; sound
transmission through single, double and triple partitions;
vibration measurement and control, finite element analysis;
boundary element methods; and statistical energy analysis.
Discusses all aspects of industrial and environmental noise control
An ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses
in noise control An excellent reference text for acoustic
consultants and engineers Practical applications are used to
demonstrate theoretical concepts Includes material not available in
other books A wide range of example problems and solutions that are
linked to noise control practice are available for download from
www.causalsystems.com.
For readers with no background in acoustics Takes a unique problem
based learning approach, reinforcing basic material with
progressively complex example problems with solutions. Carefully
up-dates and extended from the first edition Solutions to these
additional problems available to instructors on request. Suits
practising engineers with no acoustics background addressing noise
problems in the workplace.
For readers with no background in acoustics Takes a unique problem
based learning approach, reinforcing basic material with
progressively complex example problems with solutions. Carefully
up-dates and extended from the first edition Solutions to these
additional problems available to instructors on request. Suits
practising engineers with no acoustics background addressing noise
problems in the workplace.
Written during the Second World War against the background of the
economic and political futility of the 1930s, this book deals with
the changing role of government, and particularly fiscal policy as
an instrument for regulating the national income and its
distribution. Arguing that the war had an economic basis - the
inability of the great industrial nations to provide full
employment at rising standards of real income - the book discusses
how the failure to achieve a world order in the political sphere
must be sought in the facts of economic frustration.
Effective care of the cancer patient increasingly involves
systemic treatment, and as the range of available therapeutic
agents continues to expand, the medical oncologist must be fully
aware of the rationale for choosing specific drugs and
combinations. Textbook of Medical Oncology, 4th edition, is written
by a highly acclaimed list of international authors and is a key
source of reference for all working in the field of oncology.
Contents: Chapter One. A Little History. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Early history. 1.3 Later history 1.4 The future. Chapter Two: Foundations of Active Control. 2.1 Physical mechanisms 2.2 Basic structure of active noise Control systems. 2.3. Control system optimisation. 2.3.1 Influence of control source output power and placement. 2.3.2 Influence of error sensor placement. 2.3.3 Influence of reference signal delay and quality. Chapter Three: The Electronic Control System. 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Control Filter. 3.3 Cancellation path transfer function estimation. 3.4 Adaptation algorithms. 3.4.1 FXLMS algorithm for adapting the weights of an FIR filter. 3.4.2 Multi-channel and filtered-U RLS algorithms for IIR filters. 3.4.3 Genetic algorithms. 3.4.3.1 Killing selection instead of survivor selection. 3.4.3.2 Weight String Instead of Binary Encoding. 3.4.3.3 Mutation probability and amplitude 3.4.3.4 Rank-based selection 3.4.3.5 Uniform crossover 3.4.3.6 Genetic algorithm parameter adjustment 3.4.3.7 Performance measurement 3.5 Putting it all together 3.6 Important practical controller implementation issues 3.6.1 Microprocessor selection. 3.6.2 Converter type and group delay considerations 3.6.3 Digital sampling rate 3.6.4 Algorithm considerations 3.6.5 Accuracy of controller output. Chapter Four: Active Noise Control Sources. 4.1 Acoustic sources. 4.2 Vibration sources. Chapter Five: Error Sensors. 5.1 Microphones. 5.2 Vibration sensing and control of sound radiation 5.3 Sound intensity and energy density control. 5.4 Control algorithms for various sensing strategies. 5.4.1 Shaped or distributed structural sensors. 5.4.2. Sound intensity 5.4.3 Energy density. 5.4.4 Power or intensity squared. Chapter Six: Applications of Active Noise Control. 6.1 Some general considerations. 6.2 Application Examples. 6.2.1 Sound propagation in ducts. 6.2.2.1 Plane wave propagation 6.2.2.2 Higher order mode propagation 6.2.3 Sound radiation from vibrating structures 6.2.3.1 Physical control mechanisms 6.2.3.2 Control actuators and error sensors. 6.2.4 Active headsets and ear muffs. 6.2.4.1 Feedback systems 6.2.4.2 Feedforward systems 6.2.4.2 Transducer considerations 6.2.4.3 Transducer considerations 6.2.5 Sound transmission into enclosed spaces 6.2.5.1 Global reduction of low frequency tonal noise in propellor aircraft 6.2.5.2 Reduction of interior noise in diesel engine-driven, mobile mining equipment 6.2.5.3 Local reduction of broadband noise in large aircraft 6.2.5.4 Global reduction of low frequency road noise in cars 6.2.6 Active vibration isolation. 6.3 Examples of applications which are impractical. 6.3.1 Global reduction of broadband or high frequency tonal noise in large aircraft 6.3.2 Global reduction of broadband or transient noise transmitted into a building space. 6.3.3 Reduction of traffic or aircraft flyover noise transmitted into a building. 6.3.4 Global reduction of tonal or periodic noise in a large space such as a factory which contains many noise sources. 6.3.5 Global reduction of broadband in a large factory 6.3.6 Reduction of broadband noise outdoors 6.3.7 Reduction of transient noise outdoors. Chapter Seven: Current and Future Directions. 7.1 Commercial control system requirements 7.1.1 Controller hardware 7.1.2 Controller software 7.2 Acoustic system software 7.3 Current research directions 7.3.1 Sound sources 7.3.2 Error sensors 7.3.3 Optimisation of control source and error sensor locations 7.3.4 Control filters and algorithms 7.3.5 Coupled systems 7.3.6 Hybrid active/passive silencers. 7.4 Summary. References. Useful web-sites for more information.
Primary lung tumors are now a global health problem. The incidence
has risen dramatically during the last 5--6 decades, reflecting the
popularity of cigarette smoking. In this, the fifth volume dealing
with lung cancer in the series KappaCANCER TREATMENT AND
RESEARCHkappa, many current research topics are covered by notable
authorities, including chemoprevention, growth factors, multidrug
resistance, new agents, and haematopoietic growth factors.
Altogether, the 17 chapters from twelve countries highlight some of
the rapid developments taking place in basic and clinical research
of lung cancer. These chapters not only give up-to-date
information, they will also stimulate further research into this
man-made disease which was almost unheard of a century ago.
The last volume dealing with lung cancer in this series in Cancer
Treatment and Research was published in 1986 and entitled Lung
Cancer: Basic and Clinical Aspects. The present book continues the
outline of the previous volume by presenting up-to-date information
on lung cancer in critical reviews of new important basic and
clinical concepts of lung cancer. The present volume has broadened
the scope by also including chapters dealing with issues such as
epidemiology, prophylaxis, and histopathology of lung cancer. The
content of the book thus reflects the increasing awareness of a
global disease that is more and more in focus, not only
scientifically but also politically. The latter fact results
increasingly in changes in health legisla tion, with prevention
measures influencing everyday life. The great interest in the
disease is natural, considering that more than one patient dies
from lung cancer every minute globally. The first chapter is from
the Cancer Unit, WHO, Geneva, and describes in detail the
epidemiologic features of lung cancer, which is the second most
frequent cancer in the world with 660,500 new cases annually; it
will soon surpass stomach cancer as the leader. Thirty-one percent
of the cases occur in developing countries, where the increase is
especially dramatic."
Lung cancer is one of the biggest challenges in oncology today. The
challenge is due to the recognition of the possibility of
prevention in at least 70-80 % of all the cases and the extreme
difficulties encountered in the treatment of this neoplasm. Despite
the knowledge of prevention measures such as cessation of cigarette
smoking the incidence continues to increase in many countries. The
increase is particularly notable in females in the west ernized
countries where the death rate in females in certain regions sur
passes that of breast cancer. Furthermore, in many developing
countries lung cancer is now being diagnosed with increasing
frequency in both sexes and it is expected to be a major cause of
death in those countries later in this century or the beginning of
next century if the tobacco consumption will continue its rapid
rise. With respect to therapy the 1970'es brought considerable
progress in understanding of the clinical behaviour of lung cancer
thereby establishing the importance of distinguishing between the
major histologic types. Thera peutic advancement was particularly
experienced in small cell carcinoma with the introduction of
combination chemotherapy after this special dis ease entity among
lung cancers was recognized as being a disseminated dis ease in
almost all cases at the time of diagnosis. It was expected that the
improvement in therapy would have continued in the early 1980'es,
not only for small cell lung cancer but also for the other cell
types."
After a massive international campaign calling attention to the
development impact of foreign debt, the Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) initiative is now underway. But will the HIPC
Initiative meet its high expectations? Will debt relief
substantially raise growth? How do we make sure that debt relief
benefits poor people? And how can we ensure that poor countries do
not become highly indebted again? These are some of the key policy
issues covered in this rigorous and independent analysis of debt,
development, and poverty. JEAN-CLAUDE BERTHLEMY Professor of
Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne, France ARNE
BIGSTEN Professor of Development Economics, G/teborg University,
Sweden NANCY BIRDSALL Founding President, Center for Global
Development, Washington, USA ABDUR R. CHOWDHURY Director, Economic
Analysis Division, United Nations Commission for Europe, Geneva,
Switzerland STIJN CLAESSENS Professor of International Finance,
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ERA DABLA-NORRIS
International Monetary Fund, USA ISHAC DIWAN Company Director for
Ethiopia and Sudan, World Bank, USA BENNO FERRARINI Director of
Economic Research at the World Trade Institute, Switzerl
Researchers in many disciplines now face the formidable task of processing massive amounts of high-dimensional and highly structured data. Advances in data collection and information technologies have coupled with innovations in computing to make commonplace the task of learning from complex data. As a result, fundamental statistical research is being undertaken in a variety of different fields. Driven by the difficulty of these new problems, and fueled by the explosion of available computer power, highly adaptive, non-linear procedures are now essential components of modern ¿data analysis,¿ a term that we liberally interpret to include speech and pattern recognition, classification, data compression and image processing. The development of new, flexible methods combines advances from many sources, including approximation theory, numerical analysis, machine learning, signal processing and statistics. This volume collects 31 papers from a unique workshop designed to promote communication between these different disciplines. Held in the spring of 2001 at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, CA, the meeting brought together eminent experts from machine learning, artificial intelligence, applied mathematics, image analysis, signal processing, information theory, and optimization. In addition to presentations on fundamental methodological work, there were talks on complex applications like environmental modeling, network analysis, and bioinformatics. Statistics
The "Europe against Cancer" programme has, from its inception,
emphasised the key role which general practitioners must play in
the actions necessary to achieve its aim of reduc ing the incidence
and the mortality from cancer in the European Community. General
practitioners, because of their day-to-day direct and continuing
contact with patients, playa role not only in primary prevention
and education of patients, but also in motivating their patients to
accept secondary prevention and screening, some of it carried out
by general practitioners themselves. These preventive activities
are in addition to their traditional role in the care and
management of patients with cancer at home, and increas ingly,
their role in active treatment. In view of the importance of the
general practitioner in the "Europe against Cancer" pro gramme, the
European Commission, with a view to providing general practitioners
with up-to-date useful information, has sponsored the production of
this series of publications on organ based cancers, especially
written for general practitioners. MICHEL RICHONNIER Coordinator
ofthe "Europe against Cancer" programme, Commission ofthe European
Communities, Brussels Preface To decrease the death rate of lung
cancer is today one of the major challenges of medical doctors all
over the world. In Europe alone, one person is dying of lung cancer
every two minutes. Accordingly, most physicians will regularly in
their career be confronted with a patient being either suspect of
or having a lung cancer.
This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe.
The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar dization in
cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is
only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint
policy of making their treatment designs available to practising
oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer
discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer
therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader
with comprehensive infor mation on cancer management. In recent
decades there has been a tremendous improve ment in the treatment
of cancer, and there is hope for even fur ther success in this
fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a
concerted response to the challenge of can cer. UICC Treatment and
Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I
Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and
the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung
cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the
contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for
them to be combined.
This issue of Surgical Clinics of North America, guest edited by
Drs. Lisa T. Beaule and Moritz H. Hansen, is devoted to Practical
Urology for the General Surgeon. They have assembled expert authors
to review the following topics: Surgical Management of Acute
Urologic Emergencies; Surgical Management of Urologic Trauma and
Iatrogenic Injuries; Diagnosis and Management of Voiding
Dysfunction; Surgical Management of Urinary Retention; Surgical
Management of Female Voiding Dysfunction; Surgical Management of
Male Voiding Dysfunction; Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria;
Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis; Surgery of Urologic
Implants; Surgical Pediatric Urology; Use of Bowel in Urologic
Reconstructive Surgery; Diagnosis and Surgical Management of
Uro-enteric Fistulae; Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Pelvic,
Inguinal, and Testicular Pain; Robotic Surgery of the Kidney,
Bladder and Prostate, and more!
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