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This volume represents the proceedings of the 24th Mos bach
Colloquium on "Regulation of Transcription and Trans lation in
Eukaryotes" which was held April 26-28, 1973, in Mosbach, Germany,
under the auspices of the Gesellschaft fiir Biologische Chemie. To
the three of us (H. KERSTEN, P. KARLSON and myself) who were
commissioned with the invitation of speakers, it was a difficult
decision as to whether we should attempt to cover with some twenty
contributions as many aspects of this broad topic as possible, or
to sacrifice the intellectually perhaps more pleasing but more
specula tive concepts and to concentrate on a few aspects of gene
expression in reasonable detail. We unanimously decided on the
latter course, leaving such important and timely topics as for
example, hormone action, cyclic AMP and reverse transcription to
the proceedings of other symposia, and con centrating on the four
questions which are most basic to an understanding of the
mechanisms of transcription and trans lation and for which
fragmentary but nonetheless reliable experimental results have
become available within the last few years. These are the structure
of chromatin, the syn thesis of messenger RNA, the structure of the
active ribo some, and the role of initiation factors in protein
synthesis.
During the last decade physical and chemical methods have improved
rapidly - a fact which allowed the mode of action of antibiotics to
be studied - and many biochemically-oriented scientists have
devoted their research to the following questions: 1. What is the
metabolic pathway that is inhibited selectively, and what are the
target molecules within a sensitive cell? 2. What are the
relationships between the chemical structure of an antibiotic and
the physicochemical properties of the sensitive mole cule(s)? 3.
Why and how far is the action selective? 4. Is it possible to
correlate the interaction with the target mole cule(s) with the
particular biological activities observed? This monograph deals
with those antibiotics which interfere with the biosynthesis of
nucleic acids. The idea was to provide an insight into how to
investigate the preceding questions experimentally and to solve as
yet unresolved problems rather than to give a review of the current
state of knowledge. Although the biochemistry of nucleic acid
synthesis is known in general, the precise molecular mechanisms by
which deoxyribonucleic acid is replicated or transcribed has still
to be clarified. For this reason it is not yet possible to describe
the molecular mechanisms by which the inhibitors of nucleic acid
and protein synthesis exhibit their effects. The fact that the
inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis themselves served
as useful tools to obtain an insight into the mechanisms of
replication, transcription and translation was one of the most
exciting discoveries in this field."
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