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The heyday of the European states system was in the century before
the First World War. How the system of five great powers in
conscious equilibrium came into being is the central theme of this
book.
The heyday of the European states system was in the century before
the First World War. How the system of five great powers in
conscious equilibrium came into being is the central theme of this
book.
This is a detailed study of British foreign policy before and
during the war which led to the loss of the American colonies. The
period from 1756 to 1783 was one in which Britain's position in
Europe was transformed. H.M.Scott examines the nature and role of
British diplomacy in the age of the American Revolution, and
explores the reasons why Britain fought that war without a major
continental ally, in contrast to her other 18th-century conflicts.
Using a wide range of sources, Dr Scott focuses on the problems
faced by Britain after the Seven Years War and the way in which
they were exacerbated during the mid-1760s by her own statesmen. He
goes on to chart the limited recovery begun later in the decade,
and the renewed setbacks following the American revolt in 1775 and
the subsequent intervention of France and Spain. Two themes receive
particular attention. Britain's continuing rivalry with the
Bourbons, exemplified by the great crisis over the Falkland Islands
in 1770-1, and the unsuccessful efforts to strengthen Britain
diplomatically by concluding alliances with major Continental
powers. The resulting isolation is shown to have derived less from
the failures of Britain's own pol
Throughout the nineteenth century, international relations in
Europe were dominated by five great powers - Britain, France,
Russia, Austria and Prussia. The creation of this system has been
located traditionally in the long struggle with revolutionary and
Napoleonic France. By contrast, this study demonstrates that its
origins lie half a century earlier. During the third quarter of the
eighteenth century, the European states-system was transformed by
the military rise of Russia and Prussia in the Seven Years War of
1756-63. Eastern Europe became pre-eminent, and during the 1770s
Poland was partitioned for the first time, while Russia and Austria
also seized territory from the Ottoman empire. Europe's centre of
gravity moved sharply eastwards, and by the later 1770s Russia was
emerging as the leading continental power. This study, based upon
manuscript and printed sources from six countries, provides a
comprehensive analysis of these crucial events.
This substantial collection of specially commissioned chapters
addresses the theme of sovereignty and the sources and variety of
political power in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, from
Russia to Spain and from the Italian peninsula to the Dutch
Republic. A unifying theme, taken up in a substantial editorial
introduction, is the determination to move away from cliches such
as 'the rise of the modern state'. Instead, emphasis is placed upon
the composite nature of early modern political structures and upon
the significant number of bodies and individuals who were
recognised as possessing, or who exercised, sovereignty. One
particularly notable and novel feature is the attention paid to the
potential of visual material for this subject: many of the chapters
are accompanied by striking and often little-known illustrations.
Topics are as diverse as international relations and the control of
foreign policy, the cultural policies and political ambitions of
representational monarchy, urban developments, and the
personalities of those who exercised authority. These diverse
themes were all illuminated by the writings of Professor Ragnhild
Hatton (1913-95), to whose memory this collection is dedicated.
During the third quarter of the eighteenth century, the European states-system was transformed by the military rise of Prussia and Russia. Eastern Europe became pre-eminent and during the 1770s, Poland was partitioned for the first time by its three neighbors, and two--Russia and Austria--also seized territory from the Ottoman empire. Europe's political center of gravity moved sharply eastwards, and by the later 1770s Russia was emerging as the leading continental state. Based on sources in six countries, this study provides the first survey of these crucial events.
Each book in this series is designed to make available to students
important new work on key historical problems and periods that they
encounter. Each volume, devoted to a central topic or theme,
contains specially comisssioned essays from scholars in the
relevant field. These provide an assessment of a particular aspect,
pointing out areas of development and controversy and indicating
where conclusions can be drawn or where further work is necessary,
while an editorial introduction reviews the problem or period as a
whole.;In this text the contributors assess reform and reformers in
late 18th century Europe, covering such topics as Catherine the
Great, the Danish reformers, the Habsburg Monarchy and events in
Spain and Italy.
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