On September 11, 1814, an American naval squadron under Master Commandant Thomas Macdonough defeated a formidable British force on Lake Champlain under the command of Captain George Downie, effectively ending the British invasion of the Champlain Valley during the War of 1812. This decisive battle had far-reaching repercussions in Canada, the United States, England, and Ghent, Belgium, where peace talks were under way. Examining the naval and land campaign in strategic, political, and military terms, from planning to execution to outcome, The Battle of Lake Champlain offers the most thorough account written of this pivotal moment in American history. For decades the Champlain corridor - a direct and accessible invasion route between Lower Canada and the northern United States - had been hotly contested in wars for control of the region. In exploring the crucial issue of why it took two years for the United States and Britain to confront each other on Lake Champlain, historian John H. Schroeder recounts the war's early years, the failed U.S. invasions of Canada in 1812 and 1813, and the ensuing naval race for control of the lake in 1814. To explain how the Americans achieved their unexpected victory, Schroeder weighs the effects on both sides of preparations and planning, personal valor and cowardice, command decisions both brilliant and ill-conceived, and sheer luck both good and bad. Previous histories have claimed that the War of 1812 ended with Andrew Jackson's victory at the Battle of New Orleans. Schroeder demonstrates that the United States really won the war four months before - at Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain. Through a comprehensive analysis of politics and diplomacy, Schroeder shows that the victory at Lake Champlain prompted the British to moderate their demands at Ghent, bringing the war directly and swiftly to an end before Jackson's spectacular victory in January 1815.

John H. Schroeder chronicles the expansion of the American Navy's peacetime role in developing the nation's overseas commercial empire during the thirty years before the Civil War. He demonstrates how the rapid acceleration of American commercial activity around the world increased pressure on the Navy to meet new economic and political demands. He analyzes how the Navy's haphazard development in the antebellum years paralleled and interacted with commercial activity, and how the end result impacted dramatically on the economic development of the United States.

This volume represents the proceedings from a colloquium held in West Germany in 1980 on late and postglacial oscillations of glaciers. The main texts are in German (13), English (8) and French (5) but all have abstracts in the three languages and all the figure captions are similarly translated.

Previous symposia on Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes were held in 1970 (Santa Margherita-Ligure, Italy), 1971 (Rottach-Egern, Ger- many), 1973 (Seattle, USA) and 1975 (Arad, Israel). The present pub- lication reports the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes, held in Titisee/Black Forest (Germany) from October 1st-5th, 1980. In the last few years, the number of enzymes for which control of activity by enzyme-catalyzed covalent modification, i.e., by intercon- version, is of recognized metabolic importance has increased so much that is was not possible to have every such enzyme considered during a 3-day conference. The organizers therefore decided to devote only one of the three sections to "metabolic interconversion" per se, and to cover in the other two sections "enzyme regulation by proteolytic modification" and "novel aspects of regulation". According to the IUP AC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (cf. J. Biol. Chem. 252,5939-5941 (1977)), modification by proteolysis is not in- cluded in "metabolic interconversion". Considering, however, the close interrelationship of these two types of enzyme control, it has become a tradition, beginning with the conference in Rottach-Egern 1971, to include proteolytic modification in our conferences.

With the constant increase in applications involving image processing and multimedia procedures digital signal processing (DSP) is important for modern information engineering. One- and Multidimensional Signal Processing provides an introduction to the algorithmic basics of image and TV communication systems as well as for systems in automation and robotic applications using sensor based imaging techniques. This novel combination of both one- and multidimensional signal processing discusses the similarities between the two and aids the understanding of one theory over the other.
* Presents an applications-oriented approach to image processing including TV signal processing and discusses image scanning and the use of DSP procedures or digital filters
* Provides clear and comprehensive coverage of basic concepts such as spatial frequency, spatio-temporal signal processing and the spectral representation of motion and tracking of moving objects
* Features examples of applications including image pick-up and display as well as still image filtering and image sequence interpolation
* Introduces new design strategies for finite-impulse response (FIR) filters for image processing applciations using spatial and frequency design constraints
* Includes an introduction to nonlinear image processing techniques applying edge detection operators, morphological operators and rank order filters
Such a practical book will have wide-ranging appeal as a valuable resource for researchers and developers and as an ideal introductory text for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students.

On September 11, 1814, an American naval squadron under Master Commandant Thomas Macdonough defeated a formidable British force on Lake Champlain under the command of Captain George Downie, effectively ending the British invasion of the Champlain Valley during the War of 1812. This decisive battle had far-reaching repercussions in Canada, the United States, England, and Ghent, Belgium, where peace talks were under way. Examining the naval and land campaign in strategic, political, and military terms, from planning to execution to outcome, The Battle of Lake Champlain offers the most thorough account written of this pivotal moment in American history. For decades the Champlain corridor-a direct and accessible invasion route between Lower Canada and the northern United States-had been hotly contested in wars for control of the region. In exploring the crucial issue of why it took two years for the United States and Britain to confront each other on Lake Champlain, historian John H. Schroeder recounts the war's early years, the failed U.S. invasions of Canada in 1812 and 1813, and the ensuing naval race for control of the lake in 1814. To explain how the Americans achieved their unexpected victory, Schroeder weighs the effects on both sides of preparations and planning, personal valor and cowardice, command decisions both brilliant and ill-conceived, and sheer luck both good and bad. Previous histories have claimed that the War of 1812 ended with Andrew Jackson's victory at the Battle of New Orleans. Schroeder demonstrates that the United States really won the war four months before-at Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain. Through a comprehensive analysis of politics and diplomacy, Schroeder shows that the victory at Lake Champlain prompted the British to moderate their demands at Ghent, bringing the war directly and swiftly to an end before Jackson's spectacular victory in January 1815.

In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten ist es gelungen, die einzigartige Bedeutung des Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) fur eine Vielzahl von biologischen Funktionen he rauszuarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse der molekularbiologischen Forschung der letzten Jahre machen es verstandlich, warum organische Nitrate seit Genera tionen erfolgreich in der Akutbehandlung und Langzeitprophylaxe der Angi na pectoris eingesetzt werden und ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der phar makologischen Therapiemoglichkeiten bei der Behandlung der koronaren Herzkrankheit sind. NO-Donoren aus der Gruppe der Salpetersaureester sind Pro Drugs, die eine gestorte endogene, im Wesentlichen endotheliale NO Produktion substituieren. Ausgangspunkt fur die molekularbiologische For schung uber die Wirkungen von NO waren die Ergebnisse der Forschungs arbeiten von Robert F. Furchgott. Seine Arbeitsgruppe konnte auf Grund ex perimenteller Untersuchungen die Existenz eines "endothelium-derived relax ing factor" (EDRF) postulieren. Die Gruppen von Salvator Moncada und Lou Ignarro konnten die Identitat des EDRF mit dem NO-Radikal nachweisen. Sie erhielten dafur 1998 den Nobelpreis. Dies unterstreicht die hohe klinische Relevanz der wissenschaftlichen Forschungsarbeiten mit NO. Die seit mehr als 100 Jahren therapeutisch eingesetzten organischen Nitra te haben auf Grund der intensiven experimentellen pharmakologischen Ar beiten das Stadium der Empirie verlassen und reprasentieren heute eine ra tional begrundbare Substitutionstherapie. Fur die Wirkmechanismen liegen experimentell sehr gut abgesicherte Modellvorstellungen vor. Allerdings gibt es ungeachtet vieler grundsatzlicher Gemeinsamkeiten innerhalb dieser Sub stanzklasse Unterschiede in Wirkstarke, Wirkdauer sowie zu einem gewissen Ausmass auch im Wirkort. Die pharmakokinetischen und pharmakodyna mischen Unterschiede beruhen auf unterschiedlichen physikochemischen Ei genschaften."

Die Pharmakologie, eine medizinische Hilfswissenschaft, sonnt sich uberall auf der Welt in dem Anspruch, die rationa le Basis der Therapie zu sein. Der Anspruch gerat allerdings ins Irreale, wenn man sich die gegenwartige Ausbildung der deutschen Medizinstudenten in Pharmakologie und Therapie mit Arzneimitteln vergegenwartigt: die Grundlagen werden in zwei scheinpflichtigen Kursen wahrend des Studiums im 1. und im 2. klinischen Abschnitt gelegt. Danach ist keine wei tere obligate Unterweisung zur Nutzanwendung der Grundla gen fur die Therapie vorgesehen. Dies steht im krassen Ge gensatz zur Ausbildung in anderen therapeutischen Diszipli nen: wer mit dem Messer oder dem Strahl therapeutisch um gehen will, braucht nach der Approbation noch wenigstens eine 6-jahrige Weiterbildung. Wer mit Pharmaka Therapie be treibt, solI nicht glauben, daB die in der gegenwartig giiltigen Approbationsordnung vorgesehene Ausbildung dafur ausrei chend ist. Diese Uberlegung ist wichtig, wenn man die Bedeutung der "Einfuhrung in die klinische Pharmakologie zum besseren Verstandnis der Arzneimitteltherapie" wiirdigen mochte: es ist namlich dringlich notig, den praktisch tatigen Arzt mit der rationalen Basis der Pharmakotherapie vertraut zu machen. Diese Aufgabe kann ein Buch allein selbstverstandlich nicht bewaltigen. Ihm sind schon dadurch Grenzen gesetzt, daB durch die rasche Entwicklung neuer Arzneistoffe der prak tisch tatige Arzt immer wieder in die Gefahr gerat, Opfer eines Informationsdeftzits zu werden. Diese Argumentation ist al lerdings nur vordergriindig betrachtet richtig. Wenn der Arzt dazu bereit ist, kann er durch eine permanente Fortbildung auf dem laufenden bleiben."

(1) Manche mogen die Aufnahme Marshalls in diese Liste anfech- ten und wUrden Walras' Elements of Pure Economics (Origi- nal: Elements d'economie politique pure, ou theorie de la richesse sociale) als die profundere und logisch konsisten- tere Darstellung der neoklassischen okonomischen Theorie vorziehen. In meinen Augen fUhrte Marshalls Erkenntnis der Grenzen deduktiver Uberlegungen und der Unmoglichkeit, ein auf wenigen grundlegenden Axiomen beruhendes 'reines Mo- dell' zu konstruieren, jedoch zu fruchtbareren Resultaten als die eingleisige Verfolgung einer axiomatischen Wert- theorie. (2) Die hier gewahlte Darstellung des Prinz ips weicht etwas von Keynes' eigener in der General Theory abo (Sie gleicht mehr Keynes' Ansatz im Treatise on Money (deutsch: Vom Gelde) .) Die beiden sind jedoch aquivalent, weil die Investitionen die Ersparnis aus 'Paktoreinkommen' Ubersteigen mUssen, da- mit die Gewinne positiv sind. Keynes' Darstellungsweise in Kapitel 3 der General Theory nahm keinen expliziten Bezug auf die wichtige Rolle, die Gewinne als Anreiz und als Restquelle der Pinanzierung (oder) Ersparnis fUr Investi- tionen spielen. (3) General Theory, Preface, p. viii (4) VgI. Jukka Pekkarinen, On the Generality of Keynesian Economics, Helsinki, 1979, p. 112. (5) Der Cambridger Tradition folgend, schrieb Keynes die Glei- chung so, daB sie die Gleichheit der Nachfrage Geld zu hal- ten mit dem verfUgbaren Angebot zeigt: M = L (PY, r).

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1921 Edition.

Additional Contributors Include John W. Holloway, Robert L. Faulkner, Herbert B. Wright, Maxwell Harbin, And Others.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishings Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the worlds literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!