In the past ten years there was a worldwide trend towards increased use of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM's). This trend covers a broad variety of applications ranging both from small diameters for sewers and other utilities to large diameters for double track railway and even three-lane highway tunnels. The response to this has been the development of both hard rock machines in the direction for application in soft ground, and soft ground TBM's to be used in soft rock. Parallel to the technical development of TBM's towards applications for longer tunnels, running through changing geological conditions, there are needs for the development of lining methods. 'TBM Tunnel Trends' an international lecture serie collection, aims to present the latest scientific and practical state of the art of TBM tunnelling, taking into consideration interactions between machinery and lining. 26 international highly recognized papers.

The ASI Quarks, Leptons and Beyond, held in Munich from the 5th to the 16th of September 1983 was dedicated to the study of what we now believe are the fundamental building blocks of nature: quarks and leptons. The subject was approached on two levels. On the one hand, a thorough discussion was given of the status of our knowledge of quarks and leptons and their interactions, both from an experi mental and a theoretical standpoint. On the other hand, open problems presented by the so called standard model of quark and lepton interact ions were explored along various ways that lead one beyond this frame work. One of the principal predictions of the standard model is that weak interactions are mediated by heavy Wand Z vector bosons. These particles were discovered in 1983 at CERN and their relevant proper ties were discussed at the ASI by C. Rubbia. Further theoretical predictions concerning these Z and W bosons, yet to be checked by future experimentation, were discussed by G. Altarelli with a view of seeing where the standard model might fail and new physics ensue. The strong interactions of quarks, based on Quantum Chromodynamics (QeD), are presumed to cause the quarks to bind into hadrons. Pro gress in attempts to calculate the observed hadronic spectrum, ab initio, starting from QCD and employing lattice methods were reviewed at the ASI by P. Hasenfratz.

The fourth volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery is somewhat different from pre vious publications of the series. The editors have again tried to present two topics but the publications presented from the European literature are of very recent origin. In the age of total joint replacement it was felt to be imperative to counteract the pre sent tendency to treat every joint which does not seem to be healthy with an artificial re placement. Orthopaedic surgery seems to be influenced by trends. In 1963, E. A. Nichol discussing intracapsular hip fractures, quoted from Alice In Wonderland in an editorial written for volume 45B of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery "The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties, great or small, "Off with his head" ." Today one could paraphrase his implied critizism by saying "Out with the joint." No one doubts that joint replacements have been of great value in treating degenerative joint changes, but it is already apparent that replacement operations are not the ultimate answer for treating every joint deformity. This volume represents the European experience of different types of surgery in treat ing arthrosis of the joints of the lower limb. A reader of the Anglo-American literature will find suggestions in it which reaffirm his uneasiness in considering only one solution for problems concerning lower limb joints. I feel strongly that there are other ways which allow a patient to function well with less extensive operations."

Bacterial CpG-DNA sequences not only serve for genetic information but act as "danger" signal to alert immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. CpG-DNA directly causes activation of these members of the innate immune system yielding in up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. As such they act as "natural" adjuvants to promote protective Th1 polarized T cell immune responses. This book is the first comprehensive review of the data emerging in this field.

Sleep Medicine is a rapidly growing and changing field. Experienced sleep medicine clinicians and educators Richard B. Berry, MD and Mary H. Wagner, MD present the completely revised, third edition of Sleep Medicine Pearls featuring 150 cases that review key elements in the evaluation and management of a wide variety of sleep disorders. The cases are preceded by short fundamentals chapters that present enough basic information so that a physician new to sleep medicine can start reading page 1 and quickly learn the essential information needed to care for patients with sleep disorders. A concise, practical format makes this an ideal resource for sleep medicine physicians in active practice, sleep fellows learning sleep medicine, and physicians studying for the sleep boards. Zero in on the practical, "case-based" information you need to effectively interpret sleep studies (polysomnography, home sleep testing, multiple sleep latency testing), sleep logs, and actigraphy. Get clear, visual guidance with numerous figures and sleep tracings illustrating important concepts that teach the reader how to recognize important patterns needed to diagnose sleep disorders. Confer on the go with short, templated chapters-ideal for use by busy physicians. A combination of brief didactic material followed by case-based examples illustrates major points. Stay current with knowledge about the latest developments in sleep medicine by reading updated chapters using the new diagnostic criteria of the recently published International Classification of Sleep Disorder, 3rd Edition and sleep staging and respiratory event scoring using updated versions of the scoring manual of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Benefit from Drs. Berry and Wagner's 25+ years of clinical experience providing care for patients with sleep disorders and educational expertise from presenting lectures at local, regional and national sleep medicine courses. Dr Berry was awarded the AASM Excellence in Education Award in 2010. Access the full contents online at ExpertConsult.

The ASI Quarks, Leptons and Beyond, held in Munich from the 5th to the 16th of September 1983 was dedicated to the study of what we now believe are the fundamental building blocks of nature: quarks and leptons. The subject was approached on two levels. On the one hand, a thorough discussion was given of the status of our knowledge of quarks and leptons and their interactions, both from an experi mental and a theoretical standpoint. On the other hand, open problems presented by the so called standard model of quark and lepton interact ions were explored along various ways that lead one beyond this frame work. One of the principal predictions of the standard model is that weak interactions are mediated by heavy Wand Z vector bosons. These particles were discovered in 1983 at CERN and their relevant proper ties were discussed at the ASI by C. Rubbia. Further theoretical predictions concerning these Z and W bosons, yet to be checked by future experimentation, were discussed by G. Altarelli with a view of seeing where the standard model might fail and new physics ensue. The strong interactions of quarks, based on Quantum Chromodynamics (QeD), are presumed to cause the quarks to bind into hadrons. Pro gress in attempts to calculate the observed hadronic spectrum, ab initio, starting from QCD and employing lattice methods were reviewed at the ASI by P. Hasenfratz."

In znodern pharznacognosy chemical and physical-cheznical methods are being used znore and more for the investigation of medicinal plants. This important fact and the increasing involvement of chemistry, biocheznistry and botany in pllarmaceuti- cal, znedicinal and general biological questions usher in a new epoch in the disco- very of medicinal substances and the development of drugs derived from the plant kingdom. One of the guiding ideas of the first "Syznposiuzn on Pharznacognosy and Phytocheznistry" was to promote these developments, to provide an additional sti- znulus and to establish a basis for better coordination and cooperation. The organizers intended that most of the modern branches of research into natural products should be represented, including analysis, structural chemistry, chemi- cal synthesis and biosynthesis, as well as pharmacology. Since the plenary lectures also reflect the present level of knowledge in some iznportant areas of natural products research, this volume will constitute an important source of information for an scientists interested in natural substances. Its usefulness is much enhanced by the fact, that the voluzne will appear only four znonths after the Symposiuzn, thanks to the kind assistance of Dr. K. F. Springer of Springer-Verlag. The organizers extend cordial thanks to an the participants for their interesting contributions and herewith invite them to attend the second Syznposium in 1973. We want to express our special thanks to Miss Seitz and Miss Hagendorn for their rapid and conscientious preparation of the manuscripts for offset-printing.

Walter Wagner attempts to present a framework of understanding that outlines the philosophy and theology of Fethullah Gulen, a world-wide known scholar of Islam who inspired a global movement of education and interfaith dialogue. This book shows how Gulen's vision for the present and future makes the present and future forms of Hizmet an essential part of his wider and urgent call for the formation of a community of religiously committed and non-religiously committed persons to work toward a just, equitable and prosperous world now.

chromatographischen Drogenanalyse und die Auswertung der Dunnschichtchromatogramme erleichtert wird."

Polysaccharide als nachwachsender Rohstoff und universell einsetzbare Gruppevon Biopolymeren werden unter den Aspekten der chemischen und physikalischenEigenschaften, des Vorkommens, der Analytik und der industriellen Verwendungsm-glichkeiten insbesondere auf dem pharmazeutisch/medizinischen Sektor und dem Bereich der Lebensmitteltechnologie besprochen. Die einzelnen Gebiete werden in abgeschlossenen Kapiteln mit den wichtigsten weiterleitenden Literaturangaben erl{utert. In allen Kapiteln wird der neueste Stand des Wissens vermittelt resp. die aktuellste Methode f}r den analytischen Bereich beschrieben. Das Buch soll den Studenten der Pharmazie und Chemie mit den neuesten Forschungsergebnissen in komprimierter Form }ber ein aktuelles Gebiet der Biopolymere orientieren und ihn mit neuen Ideen konfrontieren, die f}r praktische Zwecke umsetzbar sind.

Die systematische Bearbeitung der Selbstkostenberechnung del' gemischten GroBeisenindustric schicn mir im Beginn meiner Untersuch ungen als das erstrebenswerte Ziel. Bald aber muBte ich erfahren, daB bei der Vielgestaltigkeit der Verhaltnisse eine befriedigende Losung der gesteIlten Aufgabe zur Zeit nicht moglich war. Ich beschrankte mich deshalb auf die DarsteIlung der Bercchnungsmethoden eines Be triebes und knupfte daran kritische Bemerkungen, so daB die Arbeit nur als ein Beitrag zur Lehre der Selsbtkostenberechnung zu betrachten ist. Wahrend des Aufbaues der Abhandlung entstanden aber durch die Gruppierung weitere Hindernisse, die es untunlich machten, aIle Einzelheiten der angewandten Verfahren im Deta. il zu geben. Um die an sich schon komplizierten Verhaltnisse der Huttenwerkselbstkosten so einfach wie moglich zu gestalten, muBten weniger wichtige Dinge unberucksichtigt bleiben, wahrend andere in verkurzter Form cr scheinen. An dieser Stelle mochte ich nicht unterlassen, allen, die im Laufe der . Jahre in der Theorie und Praxis der Selbstkostenberechnung auf mich von Einflu13 gewesen sind, meinen Dank auszusprechen. Insbesondere aber fuhle ich mich meiner lieben Frau gegenuber "C1' pftichtet, die mich sowohl bei der Ausarbeitung wie bei dol' Korrektur del' Arbeit naoh Kraften unterstiitzte. Dusseldorf, den 19. Malz 1912. Dr. H. 'Vagner. Inhaltsvel'zeichni s. Eeite 1. Vorbemerkung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Die Darstellung der Selbstkostenbereehnung eines gemisehten GroBeisen. betriebes . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Allgemeines. . . . . . 3 B. Die Vorbereitungsarbeiten 8 1. Allgemeines . . . . . 8 2. Die Feststellung der }1'abrikationskosten im engeren Sinne II a) Allgemeines. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 b) Die Bereehnung der Fabrikationskosten 13 a) Die Lohnkosten. . 13 (3) Die Magazinkosten . 27 r) Die Reparaturen . ."

This thesis explores the benefits of flying in a tight formation, mimicking the natural behavior of migratory birds such as geese. The first phase of the research was to determine an optimal position for the wingman of a tight formation flight of T-38 Talon aircraft using the HASC95 vortex lattice code. A second wingman was then added to determine the benefit derived by increasing formation size. The second wingman was predicted to derive an even greater induced drag benefit than the first wingman for T-38s operating at Mach 0.54 at a 10,000-foot altitude. The predicted values were 17.5% savings for the second wingman versus 15% for the first wingman. The flight test phase flew two and three-ship formations to validate the computational work. The results of the two-ship flight tests showed with 80% confidence that the wingman saved fuel in the predicted optimal position (86% wingspan lateral spacing). This position yielded actual fuel savings of 8.8% 5.0% versus the predicted 15%. The other lateral positions did not show a statistically significant fuel savings. The flight test team felt that the three-ship formation data was inconclusive due to the difficulty of trying to fly a stable position as the third aircraft in the formation without station-keeping ability.

Competition for Army acquisition funding in the betrween wars depression years was fierce. The opposing camps of Fighter Supremacy versus Strategic Bombing played out at the Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS), at GHQ, before Congress and in the media. Military exercises pitted the Navy and the Air Corps in operations with real cloak and dagger background gambits, each trying to gain the upper hand. When leaders such as Benjamin Foulois, Billy Mitchell, and Frank Andrews eventually were able to foster a bomber competition to replace the Martin B-10, Boeing's four-engined Model 299 was a clear winner; but then it crashed at Dayton, and the Army opted for the Douglas B-18. Somehow, Frank Andrews had enough faith in his convictions and managed to have 13 Y1B-17s produced and sent to the 2nd Bombardment Group at Langley Field, VA. There Robert Olds and his three squadrons enthralled the country with long range goodwill flights, transcontinental speed runs with an obscure 1st Lt Curtis leMay navigating the way, and a thrilling movie "Test Pilot" starring Clark Gable, Myrna Loy, and Spencer Tracy. Fortunately for the trials of WWII, these daring young men of the Army Air Corps put their careers on the line, and made the B-17 one of the iconic weapons of that conflict. This is the untold story of the aircraft development and the men who made it happen.