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FirstEdition DUE TO THE necessity to save weight and materialin the
design ofmodern structures and machines, stability problems have
become increasingly im- portant. The classicalengineering approach
to this type of problem has been characterized by the tacit
assumption that structures are nongyroscopic conservative
systems,that is, bythegeneraladoptionofthemethodsdeveloped for this
particular case. During the last decades numerous stability
problems of a more complicated nature have become important, and it
has therefore become necessary to correlate the various types of
problems with the ap- proaches to be used in their solution. The
principal object ofthis little bookisthis correlation between the
systems to be investigated and the methods to be used for this
purpose, In other words, our main concern is the choice of a
correct approach. It is evident that this idea renders it necessary
to distinguish between the various types of problems or systems. At
the same time the similarities and the connections between
apparently quite different problems will become obvious, and it
will be evident that there islittle differencebetween, say, the
buckling of a column, thecritical speed of a turbine shaft, and the
stability of an airplane, a control mechanism, or an electric
circuit.
O.L. LANGE, P.S. NOBEL, C.B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER Growth,
development and reproductive success of individual plants depend on
the interaction, within tolerance limits, of the factors in the
physical, chemical and biological environment. The first two
volumes of this series addressed fea tures of the physical
environment (Vol. 12A) and the special responses of land plants as
they relate to water use and carbon dioxide assimilation (Vol.
12B). In this volume we consider specific aspects of the chemical
and biological envi ronment, and whereas the previous volumes were
primarily concerned with the atmospheric interactions, our emphasis
here shifts very much to the soil. This complex medium for plant
growth was briefly reviewed in Chapter 17, Volume 12A. Since it is
difficult to determine the precise physical and chemical
interactions in the soil, it is even more difficult to determine
the important biological interactions among organisms. Nevertheless
there is growing aware ness of the significance of these
interactions and their effects on physiological processes in the
individual plant."
O. L. LANGE, P. S. NOBEL, C. B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER In the last
volume of the series 'Physiological Plant Ecology' we have asked
contributors to address the bases of ecosystem processes in terms
of key plant physiological properties. It has often been suggested
that it is not profitable to attempt analysis of complex living
systems in terms of the properties of component individuals or
populations, i. e., the whole is more than the sum of its parts.
Nevertheless, assessments of ecological research over the last
century show that other approaches are seldom more helpful.
Although it is possible to describe complex systems of living
organisms in holistic terms, the most useful descriptions are found
in terms of the birth, growth and death of individ uals. This
allows analysis of performance of the parts of the whole
considering their synergistic and antagonistic interrelationships
and is the basis for a synthe sis which elucidates the specific
properties of a system. Thus it seems that the description of
ecosystem processes is inevitably anchored in physiological under
standing. If enquiry into complex living systems is to remain a
scientific exercise, it must retain tangible links with physiology.
Of course, as was emphasized in Vol. 12A, not all of our
physiological understanding is required to explore ecosystem
processes. For pragmatic purposes, the whole may be adequantely
represented as a good deal less than the sum of its parts."
Told through the eyes of Isabel Ziegler, this book provides an
important contribution to the historical literature of Espanola,
New Mexico and the surrounding communities through its portraits of
local people and events. Isabel and her husband, Dr. Samuel
Ziegler, and their two young sons moved to Espanola in early 1946
as a result of Dr. Ziegler's having been invited to help build a
local hospital. The Zieglers soon became involved in their
community. Isabel helped start a local library, was a member of the
noted local trio, Las Conquistadoras, and became the first woman
president of the Espanola Chamber of Commerce. Dr. Ziegler carried
on a busy medical practice as general surgeon and physician, and
also served on the Espanola City Council for over twenty years-even
running for State Senator against northern New Mexico Democratic
boss, Emilio Naranjo. Included are stories about Arthur and Phoebe
Pack of the Ghost Ranch in Abiquiu who were the original donors for
the hospital; Carolyn Dozier, a helper and friend of Isabel's from
Santa Clara Pueblo; and Ben Talachi, a San Juan Indian who worked
for the Zieglers at their home. There are also accounts of the
Zieglers' experiences with Hamilton and Jean Garland of the fabled
Swan Lake Ranch in Alcalde, and with the retired concert pianist
John Marsh and his wife, Mary, from nearby Quartales. Lastly, there
is a memorable portrait of Georgia O'Keeffe who was a patient of
Dr. Ziegler's for over 30 years, and a friend of the family. The
book also reveals accounts of local politics and business, always
with attention given to local people who participated. All in all,
an important insight into the working and development of a local
community.
Dieses Buch ist aus Vorlesungen entstanden, die ich seit drei
Jahrzehnten an der Eidgenoessischen Technischen Hochschule fur die
Studierenden des Bau- ingenieurwesens und der Vermessung, des
Maschineningenieurwesens und der Elektrotechnik gehalten habe. Es
stellt eine Neufassung der Bande I und II der Mechanik dar, welche
seit 1946 im gleichen Verlag (ursprunglich unter meinem und dem
Namen meines verehrten Lehrers und Vorgangers, Prof. Dr. ERNST
MEISSNER) erschienen ist. Ich habe den schon in der 3. Auflage der
fruheren Fassung begonnenen Modemisierungsprozess hier ein Stuck
weitergefuhrt und versucht, das Buch theoretisch zu straffen und
gleichzeitig in methodischer Hinsicht den heutigen Bedurfnissen
anzupassen. So wurde die Kinematik, die ja unmittelbar an die
Geometrie anknupft und daher dem Studierenden nur geringe
Anfangsschwie- rigkeiten macht, an die Spitze gestellt. Mit dieser
Anordnung kann der Begriff der Leistung fruhzeitig definiert
werden. Das bietet den Vorteil, dass sowohl die Statik wie die
Kinetik allein auf ein verallgemeinertes Reaktionsprinzip sowie das
Prinzip der virtuellen Leistungen gegrundet und damit von zahl-
reichen uberflussigen Axiomen befreit werden koennen. Die beiden
Prinzipien lassen sich von Anfang an in einer fur beliebige Koerper
gultigen Gestalt formu- lieren, und damit kann auf die nur
historisch gerechtfertigte, sachlich aber an- fechtbare Praxis
verzichtet werden, die Mechanik raumlich ausgedehnter Koerper aus
derjenigen der Massenpunkte zu entwickeln. Aus didaktischen sowie
historischen Grunden erscheint es freilich vernunftig, die Axiome
der Punkt- mechanik zu erwahnen und auch zu verwenden, auch wenn
sie sich schliesslich als Konsequenzen der beiden genannten
Prinzipien herausstellen.
Organismus nicht. Erst wenn wir beriicksichtigen, daB aIle busal
bedingten Vorgange auch gesteuert werden oder einen Regelkreis
bilden, kommen wir dem Wesen des Organismus aIs einer natiirlichen
Einheit naher. Wenn aber irgendwelche Vorgiinge gesteuert werden,
so muB ein bestimmtes Ziel gegeben sein. Dies gilt fiir biologische
Reaktionen gleichermaBen wie fiir automatisierte Betriebe. Ihre
gesteuerten Mechanismen versteht man erst, wenn man das Ziel, das
erreicht werden soIl, kennt. Bei einem Organismus ist dies letzten
Endes seine Erhaltung in einer stets wechselnden Umwelt bis zur
Aus- bildung der Fortpflanzungsorgane und der Erzeugung von N
achkommen, wo- durch erst die Erhaltung der Art gesichert ist (vgl.
S. 192). Jeder gesteuerte oder geregelte Mechanismus funktioniert
nur unter bestimm- ten Voraussetzungen. Eine nicht vorgesehene
StorgroBe (= AuBeneinfiuB) kann den Mechanismus zerstoren. Dasselbe
gilt auch fiir einen Organismus, der nur in einer bestimmten Umwelt
funktionsfahig ist. Seine Regelkreise, die einen bestimmten Zustand
(die RegelgroBe), moglichst konstant halten, miissen jedoch
flexibel sein, weil die natiirliche Umwelt stets wechselnd und in
bestimmten Grenzen unbestandig ist. Die Steuerung wird unter
vollkommen unnatiirlichen Be- dingungen im Laboratorium oder auch
bei Versuchen im Freien, etwa infolge der Einwirkung von
nicht-natiirlichen chemischen Verbindungen oder auch von
natiirlichen Verbindungen in unnatiirlich hohen Konzentrationen,
versagen. Als Folge davon wird der Organismus Abnormitaten
aufweisen und geschadigt oder gar ganz zugrunde gehen.
Es ist meistens ein zufalliger AnlaB, der zu dem Entstehen eines
Werkes dieser Art ftihrt: Vor mehreren lahren hatten einige
Kollegen an der Technischen Uni- versiHit Mtinchen eine
Ringvorlesung tiber Biophysik durchgeftihrt, in welcher nicht nur
Physiker sondern auch Chemiker, Biochemiker und Biologen zu W orte
kamen, mit dem Wunsch, die physikalisch orientierten Prinzipien
ihrer Disziplinen darzustellen. Aus dieser V orlesung ist dieses
Buch hervorgegangen - allerdings in nicht unbetrachtlich
erweiterter Form und mit z. T. neuen Autoren. Was ist Biophysik?
Wie immer bei Grenzgebieten Wit es schwer, prazise Defini- tionen
zu finden. Es ist ferner unmoglich, Biophysik zu betreiben, wenn
man nicht gewisse Grundkenntnisse der Biologie, der Physik, der
physikalischen Chemie, der Chemie und der Biochemie besitzt. Ftir
den Entwurf eines biophysikalischen Lehr- buches ergibt sich damit
sofort die Frage, ob man den Studenten auf die Literatur dieser N
achbargebiete verweisen solI, wobei ihm dann die Auswahl des
notwendigen Wissensstoffes tiberlassen ware. Wir waren der Meinung,
daB es ntitzlicher und zeitsparender ist, wenn er den ausgewahlten
"Zusatzwissensstoff' in konzentrierter Form im Rahmen der
Biophysik-Vorlesung geboten bekommt. Auch in diesem Buch wird man
daher Beitrage tiber die Struktur und Funktion der Zelle, tiber den
chemischen Bau von biogenen Makromolekiilen, aber auch tiber
theoretische Chemie usw. finden. Wiederholen wir die Frage, was ist
Biophysik? MtiB man Physiologie, Elektro- medizin, Strahlenmedizin
usw. auch hinzurechnen? Das Bild der Biophysik hat sich in den
letzten lahren sehr gewandelt.
Mit Beitragen zahlreicher Fachwissenschaftler
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Rom Und Das Christenthum Theodor Keim Heinrich Ziegler G.
Reimer, 1881 Church history; Rome
Sex, seduction, and the perfect marriage. Though it may not have
been the intent of Genesis 1-3, the biblical first couple has been
used for generations to sell consumable goods and strange
ideologies--both salacious and holy--to willing western masses.
And, Linda Schearing and Valarie Ziegler argue, Adam and Eve have
become archetypal figures for secular and religious society alike
as they are transplanted from their ancient garden to a more modern
Eden, often with eyebrow-raising consequences. Finding common
ground between both religious and secular recastings of Adam and
Eve, Schearing and Ziegler offer page-turning evidence of just how
ubiquitous the first couple has become. From online dating services
and promises of God-ordained romance to the advertising and selling
of games, bathroom fixtures, and even risqué bloomers, Adam and
Eve are a hot commodity in modern culture. These strange,
confusing, often humorous, and sometimes shocking accounts testify
to the myriad of ways in which Genesis 1-3 has been recycled and
recreated in the popular imagination, and moreover, in promotion of
the Western worldview.
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone
"The editors have performed a great service in making widely
available a documentary history of the interpretation of the Eve
and Adam story." Publishers Weekly
"This fascinating volume examines Genesis 1-3 and the different
ways that Jewish, Christian, and Muslim interpreters have used
these passages to define and enforce gender roles.... a 'must'... "
Choice
"Wonderful A marvelous introduction to the ways in which the
three major Western religious traditions are both like, and unlike
one another." Ellen Umansky, Fairfield University
No other text has affected women in the western world as much as
the story of Eve and Adam. This remarkable anthology surveys more
than 2,000 years of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim commentary and
debate on the biblical story that continues to raise fundamental
questions about what it means to be a man or to be a woman. The
selections range widely from early postbiblical interpretations in
the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha to the Qur an, from Thomas Aquinas
to medieval Jewish commentaries, from Christian texts to
19th-century antebellum slavery writings, and on to pieces written
especially for this volume."
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