"The first investment book I ever read - in the late 1960s - was Harry Schultz's Bear Markets. After watching the late 1990s lunacy and inevitable fallout, I feel every market student and investor should read a great book on bear markets and thus become wise through the printed word not later through painful disillusion. To the rescue at the right time again comes Harry's new take on the subject, Bear Market Investing Strategies. Full of wisdom and practical advice, this book is an utter necessity for anyone who wants to learn how to make money in all market trends, not just rising ones." —Robert R. Prechter, Jr., President, Elliott Wave International

"Harry Schultz probably has more bear market experience than anyone...and plenty of experience in pseudo-bull markets too. Now, he's come up with a book that can be very important for investors at this awkward stage of the world economy and market. Buy the book…it could save you a lot of money." —Bill Bonner, Daily Reckoning Newsletter and market analyst

"Harry is a worldwide respected guru and market analyst. A major character in my novel, The Moneychangers, was based on Harry. His new street-smart book is the right medicine for this market. From this long-time admirer, I hope his latest investment wisdom will find the large audience it deserves." —Arthur Hailey

"Harry has come up with what people NEED most at this awkward stage of the world economy and markets. This book covers a variety of advices to help you make the right decisions. Who could ask for more?" —Jim Sinclair, Ex-NY market marker, Chairman, Tan Range Resources

"Harry Schultz's 1964 Bear Market book was a guiding light that helped me (at Rothschild Bank) to travel successfully through the long bear markets of the 1970s. This new book is coming out again at exactly the right time to protect investors in the extremely dangerous bear markets at hand, which look to become worse than the '70s. Harry Schultz as accumulated another 40 years of invaluable experience since his first bear markets book. Having followed Harry Schultz for 38 years, I can only say this new book is worth a fortune." —Ferdinand Lips, author, ex-Chairman Bank Lips, Zurich, Switzerland

"Harry Schultz is one of the most experienced and canny traders ever. The keys to his success: he really knows how to read price charts, and his healthy skepticism lets him see through market spin and fad theories, which abound, especially in late-stage super-cycle bull markets. As the latest of these generational upswings for stocks ended in 1999/2000, Harry's new book could not be more timely for investors who wish to profit in a changed environment." —David Fuller, Global Strategist, Stockcube Research Ltd. & writer of Fullermoney (www.fullermoney.com)

"Harry's understanding of global financial and political developments is second to none. His analysis of investment markets is brilliant and his common-sense insights on subjects from A to Z are unbeatable." —Don McAlvany, The McAlvany Intelligence Advisor

This volume contains the revised texts of the presentations at the 29th International Congress of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgery, held from July 2-5, 1980, in Dusseldorf under the presidency of Jan Nielobowicz (Warsaw). We express our gratitude to all the authors who have been partici- pating in the Congress, in particular to the invited speakers A. R. Castaneda (Boston), D. B. Effler (Syracuse), F. Fontan (Bordeaux), F. Robicsek (Charlotte), and D. N. Ross (London) for their cooperation. We are grateful to our colleagues of the Surgical Department B at the University of Dusseldorf, J. A. Herzer, G. Irlich, R. Karfer, and A. Krian, for their help during preparation and organisation of the Congress. Finally, we are indebted to Sanol Schwarz GmbH for its support of this publication. Dusseldorf, June 1981 Wolfgang Bircks Jarg Ostermeyer Hagen D. Schulte Contents The Contribution of European Surgeons to the Development of Modern Vascular Surgery. J. Nielubowicz. With 20 Figures *. ****** Session I Cardiac Surgery Valvular Surgery I Chairman: V. O. Bjork, Stockholm; Co-Chairman: A. Carpentier, Paris Special Morphological Structures Along the Closing Zone of the Mitral Valve. H. Heine and M. Laatz. With :5 Figures **. **. . *. *. . ** 25 Conservative Surgery of the Mitral Valve. Annuloplasty on a New Adjustable Ring. M. Puig Massana, J. M. Calbet, and E. Castells With :5 Figures ********. **. *****. **. ****. *****************...*.

At the beginning of this century, the state of surgical technique only provided for concepts with an extracardial approach to therapy of coronary heart dis eases. Decreasing the heart activity by means of denervating the heart or thyr oidectomy, resulting in a reduction of the heart's oxygen demand, was strived at. Later, the progress of clinical surgery at the closed beating heart allowed for procedures with myocardial access. In this historical stage of indirect revascu larisation, a compensation was supposed to be stimulated operatively by pro viding an adhesion to the surrounding organs or by manipulating the larger heart veins. The simple ligation of the Arteria thoracica interna in the middle third of its course - intended to increase the perfusion of pericardial branches - is based on the fundamental ignorance or misunderstanding of the haemody namic laws. The first intervention to reach temporary popularity was the im plantation of the Arteria thoracica interna into the left ventricular myocardial wall. This so-called "Vineberg procedure" was not very risky and did show some permanent improvements with respect to the patient's complaints or even the prognosis. However, this procedure has been almost completely aban doned, despite the fact that some positive long-term courses have been docu mented. Other indirect revascularisation procedures carried out in the fifties, e. g."

The first cardiovascular operation in Duesseldorf, a ligation of an open ductus arteriosus (Botallo), was performed in 1938 by E. K. Frey. During the Second World War and the subsequent years many difficulties hindered cardiovascular surgery in Duesseldorf. However, it was resumed on 3 May 1949 by Prof. Ernst Derra, again by ligating an open ductus arteriosus. This was the starting pOint of the successful cooperation between the cardiological and surgical working groups - the "birthday" of the Duesseldorf Heart Centre. Further highlights in cardiac surgery were the introduction of open heart surgery by means of surface-cool- ing hypothermia (9 February 1955) and extracorporeal circulation (21 February 1959) . In addition to cardiac catheterization and surgery in patients with acquired and congenital heart disease, the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias was one of the focal points of the centre. On 3 October 1961 the first pacemaker was implanted in a patient with a third-degree AV-block after he had been treated using an external device for about 1 year. In recent years interest has increasingly turned to the tachy- arrhythmias. Close cooperation between the medical and surgical teams made possible the application of new pacing techniques for the treat- ment of tachycardia. In patients with intractable arrhythmias, surgical interventions were made to eliminate the "focus" of the arrhythmia. In the past 2 years intraoperative electrophysiologic studies (endo-cardi- al and epicardial mapping) were applied to enhance the success of the surgical procedures.