The consulate was the focal point of Roman politics. Both the ruling class and the ordinary citizens fixed their gaze on the republic's highest office - to be sure, from different perspectives and with differing expectations. While the former aspired to the consulate as the defining magistracy of their social status, the latter perceived it as the embodiment of the Roman state. Holding high office was thus not merely a political exercise. The consulate prefigured all aspects of public life, with consuls taking care of almost every aspect of the administration of the Roman state. This multifaceted character of the consulate invites a holistic investigation. The scope of this book is therefore not limited to political or constitutional questions. Instead, it investigates the predominant role of the consulate in and its impact on, the political culture of the Roman republic.

Which dimensions of the religious experience of the ancient Greeks become tangible only if we foreground its local horizons? This book explores the manifold ways in which Greek religious beliefs and practices are encoded in and communicate with various local environments. Its individual chapters explore 'the local' in its different forms and formulations. Besides the polis perspective, they include numerous other places and locations above and below the polis-level as well as those fully or largely independent of the city-state. Overall, the local emerges as a relational concept that changes together with our understanding of the general or universal forces as they shape ancient Greek religion. The unity and diversity of ancient Greek religion becomes tangible in the manifold ways in which localizing and generalizing forces interact with each other at different times and in different places across the ancient Greek world.

Situated on opposite flanks of Eurasia, ancient Mediterranean and Han-Chinese societies had a hazy understanding of each other's existence. But they had no grounded knowledge about one another, nor was there any form of direct interaction. In other words, their historical trajectories were independent. In recent years, however, many similarities between both cultures have been detected, which has energized the field of comparative history. The present volume adds to the debate a creative method of juxtaposing historical societies. Each contribution covers both ancient China and the Mediterranean in an accessible manner. Embarking from the observation that Greek, Roman, and Han-Chinese societies were governed by comparable features, the contributors to this volume explain the dynamic interplay between political rulers and the ruled masses in their culture specific manifestation as demos (Greece), populus (Rome) and min (China).

Situated on opposite flanks of Eurasia, ancient Mediterranean and Han-Chinese societies had a hazy understanding of each other's existence. But they had no grounded knowledge about one another, nor was there any form of direct interaction. In other words, their historical trajectories were independent. In recent years, however, many similarities between both cultures have been detected, which has energized the field of comparative history. The present volume adds to the debate a creative method of juxtaposing historical societies. Each contribution covers both ancient China and the Mediterranean in an accessible manner. Embarking from the observation that Greek, Roman, and Han-Chinese societies were governed by comparable features, the contributors to this volume explain the dynamic interplay between political rulers and the ruled masses in their culture specific manifestation as demos (Greece), populus (Rome) and min (China).

The streams of Greek history in the fourth century are highly controversial. Sandwiched between the Classical fifth century and the Hellenistic period, the era has invited various readings, most prominently the verdict of decrepitude and decline. Recent discoveries, however, indicate that the period was not simply illustrative of the political, social, and economic weaknesses of the Greek city-state. This book examines the fourth century from an area with its own regional dynamics: central Greece, a region often considered as a backwater for macro-politics. The authors disclose a vivid tension between regional politics in Boeotia and its adjacent territories and Greek affairs. They provide a meticulous and, at times, microscopic investigation into the region's military and political history, together with detailed analyses of the topography of the places 'where history was made.' The result is a dazzling account of Greece's power transition crisis on the eve of the Macedonian conquest.

Boiotia was - next to Athens and Sparta - one of the most important regions of ancient Greece. Albert Schachter, a leading expert on the region, has for many decades pioneered and fostered the exploration of it and its people through his research. His seminal publications have covered all aspects of its history, institutions, cults, and literature from late Mycenaean times to the Roman Empire, revealing a mastery of the epigraphic evidence, archaeological data, and the literary tradition. This volume conveniently brings together twenty-three papers (two previously unpublished, others revised and updated) which display a compelling intellectual coherence and a narrative style refreshingly immune to jargon. All major topics of Boiotian history from early Greece to Roman times are touched upon, and the book can be read as a history of Boiotia, in pieces.

The world of ancient Greece witnessed some of the most sophisticated and varied experiments with federalism in the pre-modern era. In the volatile interstate environment of Greece, federalism was a creative response to the challenge of establishing regional unity, while at the same time preserving a degree of local autonomy. To reconcile the forces of integration and independence, Greek federal states introduced, for example, the notion of proportional representation, the stratification of legal practice, and a federal grammar of festivals and cults. Federalism in Greek Antiquity provides the first comprehensive reassessment of the topic. It comprises detailed contributions on all federal states in Aegean Greece and its periphery. With every chapter written by a leading expert in the field, the book also incorporates thematic sections that place the topic in a broader historical and social-scientific context.

The consulate was the focal point of Roman politics. Both the ruling class and the ordinary citizens fixed their gaze on the republic's highest office - to be sure, from different perspectives and with differing expectations. While the former aspired to the consulate as the defining magistracy of their social status, the latter perceived it as the embodiment of the Roman state. Holding high office was thus not merely a political exercise. The consulate prefigured all aspects of public life, with consuls taking care of almost every aspect of the administration of the Roman state. This multifaceted character of the consulate invites a holistic investigation. The scope of this book is therefore not limited to political or constitutional questions. Instead, it investigates the predominant role of the consulate in and its impact on, the political culture of the Roman republic.

The present volume summarizes some of the important recent developments in the field of metallic glasses. A variety of new "amorphization" methods such as hydrogen absorption, thermal interdiffusion reactions, irradiation and mechanical alloying are presented and various thermodynamic and experimental aspects of these techniques are discussed in detail. A chapter is devoted to glassy metals used as catalyst precursors yielding metal catalysts with unusual chemical and structural properties. The interrelation between electronic and ionic structures in glassy and liquid metals gives fascinating insights in the basic properties of the non-crystalline state of matter.

The streams of Greek history in the fourth century are highly controversial. Sandwiched between the Classical fifth century and the Hellenistic period, the era has invited various readings, most prominently the verdict of decrepitude and decline. Recent discoveries, however, indicate that the period was not simply illustrative of the political, social, and economic weaknesses of the Greek city-state. This book examines the fourth century from an area with its own regional dynamics: central Greece, a region often considered as a backwater for macro-politics. The authors disclose a vivid tension between regional politics in Boeotia and its adjacent territories and Greek affairs. They provide a meticulous and, at times, microscopic investigation into the region's military and political history, together with detailed analyses of the topography of the places 'where history was made.' The result is a dazzling account of Greece's power transition crisis on the eve of the Macedonian conquest.

Der Sammelband stellt das Phanomen "Macht der Wenigen" als verbindendes Element der politischen Kulturen der Antike heraus. Dabei gewinnt der Begriff "Aristokratie" im Spannungsfeld zwischen prinzipieller Offenheit und Offentlichkeit der Statusgruppe einerseits und der Exklusivierung von Status und Herrschaft andererseits neues Profil. Zwei Beitrage aus ethnologischer und aus weberianischer Sicht bieten grundlegende Konzeptualisierungen. Den Hauptteil des Bandes machen sieben Studien zu den Konfigurationen adliger Existenz und Herrschaft in der Antike aus, erganzt um eine Fallstudie zur bildlichen Reprasentation. Der Kontrastierung und dem exemplarischen Vergleich dienen drei Aufsatze zur Aristokratie in Byzanz und in der Fruhen Neuzeit. Eine weitere universalgeschichtliche Perspektiven aufzeigende Bilanz und ein ausfuhrliches Register verleihen dem Band Geschlossenheit und machen ihn zu einem lange entbehrten Referenzwerk zur antiken Aristokratie. Beitrage von Pedro Barcelo, Hans Beck, Dietrich Boschung, Peter Eich, Andreas Franzmann, Hilmar Klinkott, Mischa Meier, Klaus E. Muller, Stefan Rebenich, Winfried Schmitz, Peter Scholz, Johannes Sussmann, Uwe Walter, Gerrit Walther"

Much like our own time, the ancient Greek world was constantly expanding and becoming more connected to global networks. The landscape was shaped by an ecology of city-states, local formations that were stitched into the wider Mediterranean world. While the local is often seen as less significant than the global stage of politics, religion, and culture, localism, argues historian Hans Beck has had a pervasive influence on communal experience in a world of fast-paced change. Far from existing as outliers, citizens in these communities were deeply concerned with maintaining local identity, commercial freedom, distinct religious cults, and much more. Beyond these cultural identifiers, there lay a deeper concept of the local that guided polis societies in their contact with a rapidly expanding world. Drawing on a staggering range of materials----including texts by both known and obscure writers, numismatics, pottery analysis, and archeological records--Beck develops fine-grained case studies that illustrate the significance of the local experience. Localism and the Ancient Greek City-State builds bridges across disciplines and ideas within the humanities and shows how looking back at the history of Greek localism is important not only in the archaeology of the ancient Mediterranean, but also in today's conversations about globalism, networks, and migration.

Das Wichtigste im Leben eines romischen Aristokraten war seine Karriere. Im Konkurrenzkampf um Ansehen, Ehre und Ruhm konnte in der romischen Republik nur bestehen, wer von jungen Jahren an eine erfolgreiche politische Laufbahn einschlug, und das heisst: wer sich erfolgreich um die offentlichen Amter bewarb. In der mittleren Republik gab es jedoch keine systematische Rangordnung dieser Amter in Form eines cursus honorum - eine Vereinheitlichung wurde erst mit der lex Villia annalis des Jahres 180 v. Chr. angestrebt. Das Buch von Hans Beck untersucht erstmals den Verlauf politischer Karrieren in Rom vor dieser Regelung."

Much like our own time, the ancient Greek world was constantly expanding and becoming more connected to global networks. The landscape was shaped by an ecology of city-states, local formations that were stitched into the wider Mediterranean world. While the local is often seen as less significant than the global stage of politics, religion, and culture, localism, argues historian Hans Beck has had a pervasive influence on communal experience in a world of fast-paced change. Far from existing as outliers, citizens in these communities were deeply concerned with maintaining local identity, commercial freedom, distinct religious cults, and much more. Beyond these cultural identifiers, there lay a deeper concept of the local that guided polis societies in their contact with a rapidly expanding world. Drawing on a staggering range of materials----including texts by both known and obscure writers, numismatics, pottery analysis, and archeological records--Beck develops fine-grained case studies that illustrate the significance of the local experience. Localism and the Ancient Greek City-State builds bridges across disciplines and ideas within the humanities and shows how looking back at the history of Greek localism is important not only in the archaeology of the ancient Mediterranean, but also in today's conversations about globalism, networks, and migration.

The Hellenistic age witnessed a dynamic increase of cultural fusion and entanglement across the Mediterranean and Eurasian worlds. Amid seismic changes in the world writ large, the regions of central Greece and the Peloponnese have often been considered a cultural space left behind. Localism in Hellenistic Greece explores how various processes impacted the countless small-scale, local communities of the Greek mainland. Drawing on notions of locality, localism, local tradition, and boundedness in place, Sheila L. Ager and Hans Beck delve into some of the main hubs of Hellenistic Greece, from Thessaly to Cape Tainaron. Along with their contributors, they explore how polis and ethnos societies positioned themselves in a swiftly expanding horizon and the meaning-making force of the local. The book reveals how local discourses were energized by local sentiments and, much like an echo chamber, how discourses related back to the community and the place it occupied, prioritizing the local as the critical source of communal orientation. Engaging with debates about cultural connectivity and convergence, Localism in Hellenistic Greece offers new insights into lived experience in ancient Greece.

Ein erfahrener RAntgenassistent beschreibt die intraoperativen Durchleuchtungseinstellungen, wie sie fA1/4r die hAufigsten Eingriffe in der Unfallchirurgie und OrthopAdie benAtigt werden.

Alle hier aufgefA1/4hrten Operationslagerungen, C-Bogen-Einstellungen und die jeweilige Position von Operateur und RAntgenassistenz haben sich A1/4ber viele Jahre entwickelt und in der Praxis bewAhrt.

Die A1/4bersichtliche Gliederung, der einheitliche Aufbau und die anschauliche Darstellung jeder Einstellung in speziell dafA1/4r aufgenommenen Fotos, ermAglichen sowohl die intensive BeschAftigung mit den Einstelltechniken als auch den schnellen Zugriff kurz vor der Operation.

Boiotia was - next to Athens and Sparta - one of the most important regions of ancient Greece. Albert Schachter, a leading expert on the region, has for many decades pioneered and fostered the exploration of it and its people through his research. His seminal publications have covered all aspects of its history, institutions, cults, and literature from late Mycenaean times to the Roman Empire, revealing a mastery of the epigraphic evidence, archaeological data, and the literary tradition. This volume conveniently brings together twenty-three papers (two previously unpublished, others revised and updated) which display a compelling intellectual coherence and a narrative style refreshingly immune to jargon. All major topics of Boiotian history from early Greece to Roman times are touched upon, and the book can be read as a history of Boiotia, in pieces.

An Lehrbiichern der analytischen Geometrie herrscht kein Mangel. Sie gehen im allgemeinen nicht zu weit iiber das hinaus, was der Studierende bereits von der Schule mitbringt, und wollen meist offenbar nur eine Vorbereitung fiir die Differentialrechnung sein. Daher befolgen sie eine gemischte Methode, insofern sie die synthe- tische Elementargeometrie voraussetzen und sich darauf beschranken, deren Aussagen nachtraglich in das neue Gewand des Koordinaten- apparats zu kleiden. Der in dieser Weise behandelte Stoff ist im wesentlichen seit zwei J ahrhunderten bekannt, und man konnte daraus schlieBen, daB die analytische Geometrie seit jener Zeit erstarrt sei. Tatsachlich hat wahrend der groBeren Halfte des verflossenen Jahrhunderts die synthetische Geometrie, in Deutschland die Steinersche Schule, das Hauptinteresse absorbiert. Dariiber ist einmal die analytiEche Geo- metrie, die gleiche Erfolge nicbt aufzuweisen hatte, in MiBkredit gekommen, und andererseits hat eine gewisse Vereinseitigung statt- gefunden, insofern die Synthetiker nur ein Sondergebiet, die projek- tive Geometrie, pflegten und sich um andere Dinge, insonderheit um die Elementargeometrie kaum kiimmerten. Fiir die Koordinatengeometrie wurde der erste neue Gedanke nach langer Zeit 1872 von F. Klein in seinem Erlanger Programm ausgesprocben (vgl. S. 199 bis 202 dieses Buches). Klein erkannte wie sich die uniibersehbare Fiille geometrifcher Einzelerscheinungen in eine Reihe von Systemen einordnen laBt. Damit wurden die Invariantentheorie und die Lehre von den Transformationsgruppen Hilfswissenschaften der analytischen Geometrie, und es wurde u. a. auch der Nichteuklidischen Geometrie, die sich bis dahin nur zag- haft entwickelt hatte, ein fester Platz angewiesen.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Koordinatengeometrie: Die Ebene; Volume 1 Of Koordinatengeometrie; Hans Beck Hans Beck J. Springer, 1919 Mathematics; Geometry; General; Coordinates; Mathematics / Geometry / General

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Die Strahlenketten Im Hyperbolischen Raum ... Hans Beck Druck von W. Riemschneider, 1905 Mathematics; Topology; Complexes; Mathematics / Topology

A catalog of 1,200 references to research in libraries and private collections. Each entry gives a full bibliographic citation, a detailed abstract noting economic products and ethnobotanical uses of the palms mentioned in the reference, and keywords noting genera, products and subjects listed. Ann