Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Leeds, UK, September 11-15, 1989

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO ARW on 'Biological Pattern Formation' held at Merton College, University of Oxford, on 27-31 August, 1992. The objective of the workshop was to bring together a select group of theoreticians and experimental biologists to present the latest results in the area of biological pattern formation and to foster interactiqn across dis- plines. The workshop was divided into 5 main areas: (i) limb development, (ii) Dictyostelium discoideum, (iii) Drosophila, (iv) cell movement, (v) g- eral pattern formation. We thank all the participants for their contributions, enthusiasm, and willingness to collaborate. There was a genuine, open, and extremely fru- ful interaction between the experimentalists and theoreticians which made the workshop a success. We also thank The Welcome Trust for providing additional funding. The local organization fell mainly on Denise McKittrick and Beverley Bhaskhare at the Mathematical Institute, Oxford, and Jeanette Hudson and the staff of Merton College. We greatly appreciate their help and patience. We also thank Jonathan Sherratt, Wendy Brandts and Debbie Benson for helping out in the conference and for providing a happy welcome to parti- pants on a typically cold, wet and windy English summer day.

The formation of patterns in developing biological systems involves the spatio-temporal coordination of growth, cell-cell signalling, tissue movement, gene expression and cell differentiation. The interactions of these complex processes are generally nonlinear, and this mathematical modelling and analysis are needed to provide the framework in which to compute the outcome of different hypothesis on modes of interaction and to make experimentally testable predictions. This collection contains papers exploring several aspects of the hierarchy of processes occurring during pattern formation. A number of papers address the modelling of cell movement and deformation, with application to pattern formation within a collection of cells in response to external signalling cues. The results are considered in the context of pattern generation in Dictyostelium discoideum and bacterial colonies. A number of models at the macroscopic level explore the possible mechanisms underlying spatio-temporal pattern generation in early development, focussing on primitive streak, somitogenesis, vertebrate limb development and pigmentation patterning.The latter two applications consider in detail the effects of growth on patterning. The potential of models to generate more complex patterns are considered and models involving different modes of cell-cell signalling are investigated. Pattern selection is analyzed in the context of chemical Turing patterns, which serve as a paradigm for morphogenesis and a model for vegetation patterns is presented.

The formation of patterns in developing biological systems involves the spatio-temporal coordination of growth, cell-cell signalling, tissue movement, gene expression and cell differentiation. The interactions of these complex processes are generally nonlinear, and this mathematical modelling and analysis are needed to provide the framework in which to compute the outcome of different hypothesis on modes of interaction and to make experimentally testable predictions. This collection contains papers exploring several aspects of the hierarchy of processes occurring during pattern formation. A number of papers address the modelling of cell movement and deformation, with application to pattern formation within a collection of cells in response to external signalling cues. The results are considered in the context of pattern generation in Dictyostelium discoideum and bacterial colonies. A number of models at the macroscopic level explore the possible mechanisms underlying spatio-temporal pattern generation in early development, focussing on primitive streak, somitogenesis, vertebrate limb development and pigmentation patterning. The latter two applications consider in detail the effects of growth on patterning. The potential of models to generate more complex patterns are considered and models involving different modes of cell-cell signalling are investigated. Pattern selection is analyzed in the context of chemical Turing patterns, which serve as a paradigm for morphogenesis and a model for vegetation patterns is presented.

Researchers from North America, eastern and western Europe, and the Soviet Union contribute 45 papers relating mathematical and experimental results on nonlinear wave phenomena in excitable media and related nonlinear systems. A nonlinear sampling of topics reveals such findings as sustained reactio

This volume contains the proceedings of a meeting entitled 'Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology and Chemistry', which was held at the University of Utah May 9-11,1985. The papers fall into four major categories: (i) those that deal with biological problems, particularly problems arising in cell biology, (ii) those that deal with chemical systems, (iii) those that treat problems which arise in neurophysiology, and (iv), those whose primary emphasis is on more general models and the mathematical techniques involved in their analysis. Except for the paper by Auchmuty, all are based on talks given at the meeting. The diversity of papers gives some indication of the scope of the meeting, but the printed word conveys neither the degree of interaction between the participants nor the intellectual sparks generated by that interaction. The meeting was made possible by the financial support of the Department of Mathe matics of the University of Utah. I am indebted to Ms. Toni Bunker of the Department of Mathematics for her very able assistance on all manner of details associated with the organization of the meeting. Finally, a word of thanks to all participants for their con tributions to the success of the meeting, and to the contributors to this volume for their efforts in preparing their manuscripts."

General Modes of Pattern Formation; J.D. Murray. Process and Outcome; P. Alberch, M.J. Blanco. Retinoic Acid Cannot be the Morphogen in Reaction Diffusion Models for the Formation of the Chick Wing Bud; Y. Almirantis, S. Papageorgiou. Pattern Formation in Heterogeneous Domains; D.L. Benson, et al. A Field Model of Symmetry Reversals in the Pattern Regulation of a Cell; W.A.M. Brandts. Patterning in Limbs; S.V. Bryant, et al. The Development of a Spatial Pattern in a Model for Cancer Growth; M.A.J. Chaplain. Sequential and Synchronous Skin Pattern Formation; G.C. Cruywagen, et al. Control of Gap Junction Permeability Can Control Pattern Formation in Limb Development; R. Dillon, H.G. Othmer. Mapping Gene Activities into Morphological Patterns in Drosophila; B. Goodwin, S. Kauffman. Trajectories of Swimming Microorganisms and Continuum Models of Bioconvection; N.A. Hill. The Chicken and the Egg; T.J. Horder. 20 additional articles. Index.