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This book addresses the challenges of designing high performance
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) based on the “smart data
converters” concept, which implies context awareness, on-chip
intelligence and adaptation. Readers will learn to exploit various
information either a-priori or a-posteriori (obtained from devices,
signals, applications or the ambient situations, etc.) for circuit
and architecture optimization during the design phase or adaptation
during operation, to enhance data converters performance,
flexibility, robustness and power-efficiency. The authors focus on
exploiting the a-priori knowledge of the system/application to
develop enhancement techniques for ADCs, with particular emphasis
on improving the power efficiency of high-speed and high-resolution
ADCs for broadband multi-carrier systems.
This book addresses the challenges of designing high performance
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) based on the "smart data
converters" concept, which implies context awareness, on-chip
intelligence and adaptation. Readers will learn to exploit various
information either a-priori or a-posteriori (obtained from devices,
signals, applications or the ambient situations, etc.) for circuit
and architecture optimization during the design phase or adaptation
during operation, to enhance data converters performance,
flexibility, robustness and power-efficiency. The authors focus on
exploiting the a-priori knowledge of the system/application to
develop enhancement techniques for ADCs, with particular emphasis
on improving the power efficiency of high-speed and high-resolution
ADCs for broadband multi-carrier systems.
Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters proposes new
concepts and implementations for flexibility and self-correction of
current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs) which allow
the attainment of a wide range of functional and performance
specifications, with a much reduced dependence on the fabrication
process. DAC linearity is analysed with respect to the accuracy of
the DAC unit elements. A classification is proposed of the many
different current-steering DAC correction methods. The
classification reveals methods that do not yet exist in the open
literature. Further, this book systematically analyses
self-calibration correction methods for the various DAC mismatch
errors. For instance, efficient calibration of DAC binary currents
is identified as an important missing method. This book goes on to
propose a new methodology for correcting mismatch errors of both
nominally identical unary as well as scaled binary DAC currents. A
new concept for DAC flexibility is presented. The associated
architecture is based on a modular design approach that uses
parallel sub-DAC units to realize flexible design, functionality
and performance. Two main concepts, self-calibration and
flexibility, are demonstrated in practice using three DAC testchips
in 250nm, 180nm and 40nm standard CMOS. Smart and Flexible
Digital-to-Analog Converters will be useful to both advanced
professionals and newcomers in the field. Advanced professionals
will find new methods that are fully elaborated from analysis at
conceptual level to measurement results at test-chip level. New
comers in the field will find structured knowledge of fully
referenced state-of-the art methods with many fully explained
novelties.<
DAC linearity is analysed with respect to the accuracy of the DAC
unit elements. A classification is proposed of the many different
current-steering DAC correction methods. The classification reveals
methods that do not yet exist in the open literature. Further, this
book systematically analyses self-calibration correction methods
for the various DAC mismatch errors. For instance, efficient
calibration of DAC binary currents is identified as an important
missing method. This book goes on to propose a new methodology for
correcting mismatch errors of both nominally identical unary as
well as scaled binary DAC currents. A new concept for DAC
flexibility is presented. The associated architecture is based on a
modular design approach that uses parallel sub-DAC units to realize
flexible design, functionality and performance. Two main concepts,
self-calibration and flexibility, are demonstrated in practice
using three DAC testchips in 250nm, 180nm and 40nm standard CMOS.
Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters will be useful to
both advanced professionals and newcomers in the field. Advanced
professionals will find new methods that are fully elaborated from
analysis at conceptual level to measurement results at test-chip
level. New comers in the field will find structured knowledge of
fully referenced state-of-the art methods with many fully explained
novelties. This book goes on to propose a new methodology for
correcting mismatch errors of both nominally identical unary as
well as scaled binary DAC currents. A new concept for DAC
flexibility is presented. The associated architecture is based on a
modular design approach that uses parallel sub-DAC units to realize
flexible design, functionality and performance. Two main concepts,
self-calibration and flexibility, are demonstrated in practice
using three DAC testchips in 250nm, 180nm and 40nm standard CMOS.
Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters will be useful to
both advanced professionals and newcomers in the field. Advanced
professionals will find new methods that are fully elaborated from
analysis at conceptual level to measurement results at test-chip
level. New comers in the field will find structured knowledge of
fully referenced state-of-the art methods with many fully explained
novelties. Two main concepts, self-calibration and flexibility, are
demonstrated in practice using three DAC testchips in 250nm, 180nm
and 40nm standard CMOS. Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog
Converters will be useful to both advanced professionals and
newcomers in the field. Advanced professionals will find new
methods that are fully elaborated from analysis at conceptual level
to measurement results at test-chip level. New comers in the field
will find structured knowledge of fully referenced state-of-the art
methods with many fully explained novelties.
The history of the application of semiconductors for controlling
currents goes back all the way to 1926, in which Julius Lilienfeld
led a patent for a "Method and apparatus for controlling electric
currents" [1], which is considered the rst work on
metal/semiconductor eld-effect transistors. More well-known is the
work of William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain in the
1940s [2, 3], after which the development of semiconductor devices
commenced. In 1958, independent work from Jack Kilby and Robert
Noyce ledto the invention of integrated circuits. A few milestones
in IC design are the rst monolithic operational ampli er in 1963
(Fairchild?A702, Bob Widlar) and the rst o- chip 4-bit
microprocessor in 1971 (Intel 4004). Ever since the start of the
semiconductor history, integration plays an imp- tant role:
starting from single devices, ICs with basic functions were
developed (e. g. opamps, logic gates), followed by ICs that
integrate larger parts of a s- tem (e. g. microprocessors, radio
tuners, audio ampli ers). Following this trend of system
integration, this eventually leads to the integration of analog and
d- ital components in one chip, resulting in mixed-signal ICs:
digital components are required because signal processing is
preferably done in the digital - main; analog components are
required because physical signals are analog by nature.
Mixed-signal ICs are already widespread in many applications (e. g.
- dio, video); for the future, it is expected that this trend will
continue, leading to a larger scale of integration.
Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters proposes new
concepts and implementations for flexibility and self-correction of
current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs) which allow
the attainment of a wide range of functional and performance
specifications, with a much reduced dependence on the fabrication
process. DAC linearity is analysed with respect to the accuracy of
the DAC unit elements. A classification is proposed of the many
different current-steering DAC correction methods. The
classification reveals methods that do not yet exist in the open
literature. Further, this book systematically analyses
self-calibration correction methods for the various DAC mismatch
errors. For instance, efficient calibration of DAC binary currents
is identified as an important missing method. This book goes on to
propose a new methodology for correcting mismatch errors of both
nominally identical unary as well as scaled binary DAC currents. A
new concept for DAC flexibility is presented. The associated
architecture is based on a modular design approach that uses
parallel sub-DAC units to realize flexible design, functionality
and performance. Two main concepts, self-calibration and
flexibility, are demonstrated in practice using three DAC testchips
in 250nm, 180nm and 40nm standard CMOS. Smart and Flexible
Digital-to-Analog Converters will be useful to both advanced
professionals and newcomers in the field. Advanced professionals
will find new methods that are fully elaborated from analysis at
conceptual level to measurement results at test-chip level. New
comers in the field will find structured knowledge of fully
referenced state-of-the art methods with many fully explained
novelties.<
DAC linearity is analysed with respect to the accuracy of the DAC
unit elements. A classification is proposed of the many different
current-steering DAC correction methods. The classification reveals
methods that do not yet exist in the open literature. Further, this
book systematically analyses self-calibration correction methods
for the various DAC mismatch errors. For instance, efficient
calibration of DAC binary currents is identified as an important
missing method. This book goes on to propose a new methodology for
correcting mismatch errors of both nominally identical unary as
well as scaled binary DAC currents. A new concept for DAC
flexibility is presented. The associated architecture is based on a
modular design approach that uses parallel sub-DAC units to realize
flexible design, functionality and performance. Two main concepts,
self-calibration and flexibility, are demonstrated in practice
using three DAC testchips in 250nm, 180nm and 40nm standard CMOS.
Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters will be useful to
both advanced professionals and newcomers in the field. Advanced
professionals will find new methods that are fully elaborated from
analysis at conceptual level to measurement results at test-chip
level. New comers in the field will find structured knowledge of
fully referenced state-of-the art methods with many fully explained
novelties. This book goes on to propose a new methodology for
correcting mismatch errors of both nominally identical unary as
well as scaled binary DAC currents. A new concept for DAC
flexibility is presented. The associated architecture is based on a
modular design approach that uses parallel sub-DAC units to realize
flexible design, functionality and performance. Two main concepts,
self-calibration and flexibility, are demonstrated in practice
using three DAC testchips in 250nm, 180nm and 40nm standard CMOS.
Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters will be useful to
both advanced professionals and newcomers in the field. Advanced
professionals will find new methods that are fully elaborated from
analysis at conceptual level to measurement results at test-chip
level. New comers in the field will find structured knowledge of
fully referenced state-of-the art methods with many fully explained
novelties. Two main concepts, self-calibration and flexibility, are
demonstrated in practice using three DAC testchips in 250nm, 180nm
and 40nm standard CMOS. Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog
Converters will be useful to both advanced professionals and
newcomers in the field. Advanced professionals will find new
methods that are fully elaborated from analysis at conceptual level
to measurement results at test-chip level. New comers in the field
will find structured knowledge of fully referenced state-of-the art
methods with many fully explained novelties.
The history of the application of semiconductors for controlling
currents goes back all the way to 1926, in which Julius Lilienfeld
led a patent for a "Method and apparatus for controlling electric
currents" [1], which is considered the rst work on
metal/semiconductor eld-effect transistors. More well-known is the
work of William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain in the
1940s [2, 3], after which the development of semiconductor devices
commenced. In 1958, independent work from Jack Kilby and Robert
Noyce ledto the invention of integrated circuits. A few milestones
in IC design are the rst monolithic operational ampli er in 1963
(Fairchild?A702, Bob Widlar) and the rst o- chip 4-bit
microprocessor in 1971 (Intel 4004). Ever since the start of the
semiconductor history, integration plays an imp- tant role:
starting from single devices, ICs with basic functions were
developed (e. g. opamps, logic gates), followed by ICs that
integrate larger parts of a s- tem (e. g. microprocessors, radio
tuners, audio ampli ers). Following this trend of system
integration, this eventually leads to the integration of analog and
d- ital components in one chip, resulting in mixed-signal ICs:
digital components are required because signal processing is
preferably done in the digital - main; analog components are
required because physical signals are analog by nature.
Mixed-signal ICs are already widespread in many applications (e. g.
- dio, video); for the future, it is expected that this trend will
continue, leading to a larger scale of integration.
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