Great-power conflict and great-power war are still the most dangerous risks the international community is facing today. This edited volume investigates the feasibility of a modern day concert of powers as a way for managing the risk of great power conflicts in the 21st century. The volume takes its inspiration from history. The 19th century European Concert was not only able to ensure a period of exceptional peacefulness among the European great powers, it also limited the scope and duration of the few wars that did break out. The chapter authors discuss the achievements and limits of the historical concert, define the requirements that a new concert would have to meet, critically evaluate obstacles and risks of the approach and indicate how a 21st century concert of powers could complement, and fit into, the present legal and institutional setting of global politics. This volume offers a systematic examination of the norms and tools of the historical template and scrutinizes these tools for their utility in our time. It will be of great interest to a wide range of scholars and students in areas such as International Relations, History and International Law.

Great-power conflict and great-power war are still the most dangerous risks the international community is facing today. This edited volume investigates the feasibility of a modern day concert of powers as a way for managing the risk of great power conflicts in the 21st century. The volume takes its inspiration from history. The 19th century European Concert was not only able to ensure a period of exceptional peacefulness among the European great powers, it also limited the scope and duration of the few wars that did break out. The chapter authors discuss the achievements and limits of the historical concert, define the requirements that a new concert would have to meet, critically evaluate obstacles and risks of the approach and indicate how a 21st century concert of powers could complement, and fit into, the present legal and institutional setting of global politics. This volume offers a systematic examination of the norms and tools of the historical template and scrutinizes these tools for their utility in our time. It will be of great interest to a wide range of scholars and students in areas such as International Relations, History and International Law.

It has become generally accepted wisdom that democracies do not go to war against each other. However, there are significant differences between democratic states in terms of their approach to war and security policy in general. This edited book offers a broad examination of how democratic preferences and norms are relevant to security policy beyond the decision of whether to go to war. It therefore offers a fresh understanding of state behaviour in the security realm. The contributors discuss such issues as defence policy, air war, cluster bombs, non-lethal weapons, weapons of mass destruction, democratic and non-democratic nuclear weapon states' transparency, and the political and ideological background of the ongoing 'Revolution in Military Affairs'. It has become generally accepted wisdom that democracies do not go to war against each other. However, there are significant differences between democratic states in terms of their approach to war and security policy in general.

It has become generally accepted wisdom that democracies do not go to war against each other. However, there are significant differences between democratic states in terms of their approach to war and security policy in general. This edited book offers a broad examination of how democratic preferences and norms are relevant to security policy beyond the decision of whether to go to war. It therefore offers a fresh understanding of state behaviour in the security realm. The contributors discuss such issues as defence policy, air war, cluster bombs, non-lethal weapons, weapons of mass destruction, democratic and non-democratic nuclear weapon states' transparency, and the political and ideological background of the ongoing 'Revolution in Military Affairs'. It has become generally accepted wisdom that democracies do not go to war against each other. However, there are significant differences between democratic states in terms of their approach to war and security policy in general.

The Middle East is a hot spot of proliferation. It contains one state assumed to possess nuclear weapons, several states that tried and failed to develop a military nuclear capability, one state under suspicion of trying to do so, and it is the world region that witnessed the most frequent and severe employment of chemical weapons since the end of World War I. Notwithstanding, not a single arms control regime concerning weapons of mass destruction (WMD) covers the region as a whole. Instead we have seen several proliferation-related military operations which have rather contributed to destabilization than served non-proliferation. This volume, written under the auspices of the EU Consortium for Non-Proliferation and Disarmament determines the current state of diplomatic efforts to establish a WMD free zone in the Middle East. In doing so, it provides insights into central actors' conflicting political positions, thereby explaining the stalemate of efforts to negotiate a WMD-free zone. Chapters written by renowned experts from academia and policy-oriented think tanks, as well as by next-generation Middle East and arms control experts, introduce the subject to the reader, give background information about arms control initiatives, provide technical expertise, and endeavour to make proposals for arms control measures in support of the creation of a Middle East WMD-free zone.

This book addresses itself to the concept of the implied author, which has been the cause of controversy in cultural studies for some fifty years. The opening chapters examine the introduction of the concept in Wayne C. Bootha (TM)s a oeRhetoric of Fictiona and the discussion of the concept in narratology and in the theory and practice of interpretation.The final chapter develops proposals for clarifying or replacing the concept.

From the middle of the 11th century to Pope Innocent III (1198 1216), the Latin Church developed into a European-wide Papal Church, with a strong hierarchy focused on Rome. Retrospectively, this historical development appears to have proceeded according to a preconceived plan. In reality, however as illuminated in this work it was driven by a complex process of give and take between Rome and the regions."

Until recently, scholars were hesitant to take the fantastic seriously. But since the 1990s, the increasing presence of the fantastic in mass media has spurred growing academic interest in the subject. This book discusses that new interest and brings together recent research in various disciplines. It provides an overview of current approaches and debates in the research of the fantastic. By taking stock of the present state of this young discipline, it also helps to ensure its future.

The series "QUELLEN UND FORSCHUNGEN ZUR LITERATUR- UND KULTURGESCHICHTE" (Sources and Research in the History of Literature and Culture), with a rich tradition stretching back to 1874, is an established feature among the renowned publications for German Literary Studies. Edited by Mark-Georg Dehrmann and Christiane Witthoeft, the series presents examples of high-quality scholarship examining literary texts in conjunction with historical cultural phenomena, particularly with the other arts. There is an explicit demand for literary studies with a transdisciplinary approach. German literature from the Middle Ages to the present day forms the main focus of the series. As the historical cultural thrust of the series includes aspects of intercultural experience and national perceptions of the other, Quellen und Forschungen is also open to occasional comparative studies. The publications of the series include monographs, doctoral and professorial theses. Works presented for acceptance in the series are required to display scholarly relevance and excellence in method and presentation.

This volume is the first comparative study of the political tools employed by the Popes and the perception of the Papacy in different regions, so combining the perspectives of the Roman center and that of the churches on the periphery. The Roman view of the means by which it exerted its influence over the Church is set against the reaction of the various regions to them. In this way the discrepancy between Roman prototypes and actual interpretations from the mid-11th to the end of the 12th century is further enhanced by the differences revealed by contrasting regional sketches.

Im Jahre 1912 veroffentlichte W. GERLACH 1] die Arbeit: "Eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Strahlung in absolutem Mass und die Konstante des STEFAN-BOLTZMANN'schen Gesetzes." Zum Zeitpunkt ihres Erscheinens lag die besondere Bedeutung dieser Arbeit in der experimentellen Bestimmung 4 der Konstanten im STEFAN-BOLTZMANN'schen Gesetz s= . T . Gegenwartig dagegen hat das Verfahren, eine Strahlung im absoluten Mass zu bestimmen, durch die wachsende, praktische und gezielte Anwendung der Ultrarotstrah lung besonders an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dem von PASCHEN angegebenen Messverfahren liegt folgendes Prinzip zugrunde: Man denke sich eine Metallfolie, deren ebene Flachenausdehnung F be 1 kannt ist. Diese Folie ist auf ihrer Oberseite zur Erzielung eines hohen Absorptionsvermogens geschwarzt. Auf der Unterseite sind in gut warme leitender Verbindung mit der Folie die elektrisch gegen diese und gegen einander isolierten Messstellen einer Thermobatterie angebracht, die auf ein Galvanometer arbeitet. Trifft nun eine Strahlung aus dem vor der Folie liegenden Halbraum auf die geschwarzte Flache, so wird sich diese entsprechend der Strahlungsintensitat erwarmen und an dem Galvanometer eine von der Strahlungsintensitat abhangige Anzeige hervorrufen. Der Strahlungseinfall auf die geschwarzte Flache werde jetzt weitgehend un terbunden, so dass die Galvanometeranzeige verschwindet. Schaltet man dann die Folie in einen elektrischen Stromkreis und erwarmt sie durch . Stromfluss bis auf die gleiche Galvanometeranzeige, so herrscht an den Messstellen der Thermobatterie die gleiche mittlere Temperatur wie im Falle der Bestrahlung der Flache."

The Narratologiaseries publishes state-of-the-art monographs and collective volumes devoted to modern narrative theory and its historical reconstruction in all the philological disciplines. It is the first narratological forum of its kind in Germany. In addition to literary texts, the series focuses on narration in everyday contexts, in pictorial media, in film and in the new media as well as on narration in historiography, ethnology, medicine, and the law. The series publishes in German and English. All volumes are peer reviewed by two anonymous assessors.

This volume comprehensively covers a range of issues related to dynamic norm change in the current major international arms control regimes related to nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; small arms and light weapons; cluster munitions; and antipersonnel mines. Arms control policies of all of the key established and rising state actors are considered, as well as those of nonaligned countries, nongovernmental organizations, and international governing bodies.
Recent studies on multilateral arms control tend to focus mostly on "structure," by which opportunities and constraints for action are created. This volume pays equal attention to "agency," through which opportunities and constraints to produce change or maintain the status quo are handled. In addition-and in greater depth than in recent studies-the volume acknowledges the force of moral and ethical impulses (alongside such factors as political, legal, and technological change) in the evolution of arms control norms.
The volume begins with a look at the structure of regimes, at the conflicts residing in these structures, and at the dynamic processes in which these conflicts are worked out. The impact of extrinsic factors on norm dynamics is considered next, including technological change and shifts in attitudes and power structures. Essays on the role of agency in driving norm change conclude the volume, with a particular focus on norm entrepreneurship and the importance of acknowledging the competing justice claims surrounding norm-change efforts.
Contributors: Una Becker-Jakob, Alexis Below, Marco Fey, Giorgio Franceschini, Andrea Hellmann, Gregor Hofmann, Friederike Klinke, Daniel Muller, Harald Muller, Franziska Plummer, Carsten Rauch, Judith Reuter, Elvira Rosert, Annette Schaper, Hans-Joachim Schmidt, Tabea Seidler-Diekmann, Simone Wisotzki, Carmen Wunderlich.

Recent discoveries in psychology and neuroscience have improved our understanding of why our decision making processes fail to match standard social science assumptions about rationality. As researchers such as Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky, and Richard Thaler have shown, people often depart in systematic ways from the predictions of the rational actor model of classic economic thought because of the influence of emotions, cognitive biases, an aversion to loss, and other strong motivations and values. These findings about the limits of rationality have formed the basis of behavioral economics, an approach that has attracted enormous attention in recent years. This collection of essays applies the insights of behavioral economics to the study of nuclear weapons policy. Behavioral economics gives us a more accurate picture of how people think and, as a consequence, of how they make decisions about whether to acquire or use nuclear arms. Such decisions are made in real-world circumstances in which rational calculations about cost and benefit are intertwined with complicated emotions and subject to human limitations. Strategies for pursuing nuclear deterrence and nonproliferation should therefore, argue the contributors, account for these dynamics in a systematic way. The contributors to this collection examine how a behavioral approach might inform our understanding of topics such as deterrence, economic sanctions, the nuclear nonproliferation regime, and U.S. domestic debates about ballistic missile defense. The essays also take note of the limitations of a behavioral approach for dealing with situations in which even a single deviation from the predictions of any model can have dire consequences.

Das Buch wendet sich an alle Leute, die gewisse mathematische Vorkenntnisse besitzen und denen es ein Bedurfnis ist, eine Begrundung derjenigen elementaren Teile der Mathematik, die sie als Kind bereits gelernt haben, zu erhalten. Dazu durften Mathematiker (insbesondere Lehrer der verschiedensten Schulgattungen), interessierte Schuler und Studenten der Mathematik gehoren. Fur noch nicht erwachsene Kinder ist das Buch ungeeignet.

Managing a Multilevel Foreign Policy is a helpful resource for enhancing current understanding of the European Union as an emerging actor in the global system. Analyzing the role of the EU in international affairs, Foradori, Rosa, and Scartezzini seek to foster understanding of the complexity of the present international conditions and the ways in which the EU is responding to threats and opportunities from the outside world. The numerous contributors examine the latest developments in the fields of EU foreign, security, and defense policies, providing a complete overview of the ways in which the EU has grown as a global actor with a significant impact on international affairs.

Managing a Multilevel Foreign Policy is a helpful resource for enhancing current understanding of the European Union as an emerging actor in the global system. Analyzing the role of the EU in international affairs, Foradori, Rosa, and Scartezzini seek to foster understanding of the complexity of the present international conditions and the ways in which the EU is responding to threats and opportunities from the outside world. The numerous contributors examine the latest developments in the fields of EU foreign, security, and defense policies, providing a complete overview of the ways in which the EU has grown as a global actor with a significant impact on international affairs.