Microorganisms are responsible for the manufacture of various foods of man. The biochemical reactions of microorganism helps in the process of production of foods. Microorganisms helps in several industries like medicine industry, jute industry. Hormones, Vitamins, Vaccines are also manufactured from microorganisms. They also used in Recombinant technology, cell fusion technology etc. In recent years the role of microorganisms in various industries issue has been found a major importance and there is a potentials for future development. Hence the branch fermentation technology developed into a independent modern branch of science.